黄曲霉毒素对肝脏的损害及其在粮、油中的带染情况

<正> 黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxin)是黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries)、寄生曲霉(Aspergillus Parasiticus Speare)中产毒菌株的代谢产物。目前,已分离出黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2,G_1、G_2,M_1、M_2,B_(2a)和G_2a及P_1等12种。现就黄曲霉毒素对肝脏的毒害及在粮、油中的带染情况以及防毒去毒的方法简要综述如下:     

尿中黄曲霉毒素生物标记物与患肝细胞癌的危险率

黄曲霉毒素长期以来被怀疑是人肝癌的致癌物,但是在有效地测定个体接触黄曲霉毒素量以前,还没有可行的直接研究。对中国上海18 244名中年男性正在进行的前瞻性研究的一部分是,研究者们测定了尿中黄曲霉毒素B_1及其代谢产物AFP_1、AFM_1和DNA加合物(AFB_1-N~7-鸟嘌呤),以评价接触黄曲霉毒素与肝癌之间的关系。     

解读致癌物黄曲霉素

<正>1.黄曲霉素是什么黄曲霉素是黄曲霉菌属黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌产生的代谢物。黄曲霉毒素不是一种化合物,而是一组化学结构类似的化合物总称。至今已分离出的黄曲霉毒素及其衍生物有二十多种,包括B1、B2、G1、G2、M1等毒素和毒醇。在天然食物中以黄曲霉毒素B1最为多见,危害性也最强,而牛奶检测超标的黄曲霉M1 B1     

黄曲霉毒素B_1对大鼠抗体形成细胞的影响

随着对强致癌因子黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFTB_1)研究的深入,越来越多的报导指出AFTB_1对动物免疫功能有很强的抑制作用.为进一步探讨AFTB_1抑制抗体形成的原因,我们研究了AFTB_1对大??脾抗体形成细胞、生发中心的影响.现报告如下:     

干扰素对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用

目的:研究干扰素对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用.方法:MTT法检测干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、干扰素-α2b(IFN-α2b)单独及联合应用,作用不同时间对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用.结果:IFN-γ、IFN-α2b及二者联合应用均对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的增殖具有抑制作用:单独用药时,作用48h的抑制作用较为明显(P<0.05);联合用药时,作用72h效果显著(P<0.05).结论:IFN-γ、IFN-α2b及二者联合应用对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞增殖均有不同程度的抑制作用,二者联合应用药效作用时间延长、作用效果更佳.     

IFNγ影响肝星状细胞α1(Ⅰ)mRNA表达信号的传递途径

目的: 探明G蛋白在γ-干扰素诱导抑制胶原基因表达中发挥的作用. 方法: 通过活化的G蛋白及细胞内主要信号传递途径确定IFNγ诱导肝星状细胞(HSC) α1(Ⅰ)mRNA表达的影响. 结果: 与对照比较IFNγ显著降低HSC α1(Ⅰ)胶原mRNA水平(56.7±0.3)% (P<0.01);百日咳毒素(PTX)可阻断IFNγ对α1(Ⅰ)mRNA水平的抑制作用,当为10 μg*L-1时,α1(Ⅰ)mRNA水平提高到(121±16)% (P<0.01),但对阻断cAMP或PKA没有抑制作用. 结论: IFNγ抑制HSC α1(Ⅰ)胶原mRNA表达受PTX敏感的G蛋白调节.     

HOXB1基因转染对HL—60细胞视黄酸代谢和α—干扰素表达 …

目的　探讨同源盒基因B1(HOXB1)转染对HL 6 0细胞视黄酸代谢和α 干扰素表达的影响。方法　采用脂质体介导的质粒转染、RT PCR及高效液相色谱 (HPLC)分析等方法进行分析检测。结果　2 .5× 10 -7mol/L全反式视黄酸 (ATRA)能抑制HOXB1转染及非转染HL 6 0细胞的增殖 ,HOXB1的高表达能明显减弱ATRA对HL 6 0细胞的增殖抑制作用 ;HPLC分析显示 ,转染细胞ATRA的代谢减慢 ;ATRA处理能诱导HOXB1转染及未转染HL 6 0细胞IFNα表达 ,加用外源性IFNα能上调ATRA处理HL 6 0细胞IFNα基因表达。结论　HOXB1转染使HL 6 0细胞ATRA代谢受抑 ,ATRA增殖抑制作用减弱 ,外源性IFNα能上调HL 6 0细胞IFNα表达     

用国产酶标板测定黄曲霉毒素的条件

用ELISA法测定黄曲霉毒素B_1及其代谢产物M_1,适合于大规模的流行病现场调查。由于主要试剂和酶标板都靠进口,难于在国内推广。我们改进了测定方法,并使用国产试剂和器材的稳定性、可靠性、重复性与进口抗体和酶标板相同。 材料与方法 材料 黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1),黄曲霉毒素M_1(AFM_1),辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),抗AFM_1抗血清和AFB_1-HRP(见方法),ABTS(2,2'-azino-diethy bentiazoline-6-     

干扰素α-2b对H22鼠肝癌细胞株体内外抑制作用的研究

目的研究干扰素α-2b对H22鼠肝癌细胞株体内外的抑制作用。方法MTT法测定不同浓度干扰素α-2b对H22鼠肝癌细胞的作用。建立小鼠皮下实体瘤模型,腹腔内分别注射生理盐水、干扰素α-2b、氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、干扰素α-2b 5-FU,隔天1次,共给药10次,停药1周后处死动物,测量瘤体大小、瘤重,计算抑瘤率,测定微血管密度(MVD)。结果干扰素α-2b对体外培养的H22鼠肝癌细胞无直接抑制作用,但明显抑制实体瘤生长;干扰素α-2b、5-FU、干扰素α-2b 5-FU抑瘤率分别为49.5%、67.4%、74.9%,MVD分别为67±43、134±53、6.3±46。结论干扰素α-2b具有抗血管生成作用,与化疗药物5-FU联用有协同作用。     

HOXB1基因转染对HL-60细胞视黄酸代谢和α-干扰素表达的影响

目的探讨同源盒基因B1(HOXB1)转染对HL-60细胞视黄酸代谢和α-干扰素表达的影响.方法采用脂质体介导的质粒转染、RT-PCR及高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析等方法进行分析检测.结果 2.5×10-7 mol/L全反式视黄酸(ATRA)能抑制HOXB1转染及非转染HL-60细胞的增殖,HOXB1的高表达能明显减弱ATRA对HL-60细胞的增殖抑制作用;HPLC分析显示,转染细胞ATRA的代谢减慢;ATRA处理能诱导HOXB1转染及未转染HL-60细胞IFNα表达,加用外源性IFNα能上调ATRA处理HL-60细胞IFNα基因表达.结论 HOXB1转染使HL-60细胞ATRA代谢受抑,ATRA增殖抑制作用减弱,外源性IFNα能上调HL-60细胞IFNα表达.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.