新型生物活性椎间融合器的实验研究

目的:研究纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)椎间融合器复合重组人骨形态蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)对山羊颈椎的融合效果和可行性.方法:取30只成年雌性山羊,随机分为三组:n-HA/PA66椎间融合器组、复合rhBMP-2的n-HA/PA66椎间融合器组和自体髂骨组.所有山羊均行颈3～4椎间盘及部分椎体切除术,分别植入n-HA/PA66椎间融合器、复合rhBMF-2的n-HA/PA66椎间融合器和自体髂骨块,术后4周、12周行X线检查;术后12周行组织学和生物力学评估.结果:12周时复合rhBMP-2的n-HA/PA66椎间融合器与自体髂骨在山羊颈3、4椎间均可形成骨性融合,组织学、影像学及生物力学等各项测试指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:n-HA/PA66椎间融合器具有良好的生物相容性、骨传导性、和生物力学特性,复合rhBMP-2后使其具有骨诱导性,加快了的椎间融合速度,是一种理想的椎间融合材料.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎间融合器对山羊颈椎的融合效果研究

目的研究纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66（n-HA／PA66）复合生物活性椎间融合器对山羊颈椎的融合效果和可行性。方法取30只成年雌性山羊,按随机数字表分为2组：n-HA／PA66复合生物活性椎间融合器组和自体髂骨组。所有山羊行颈3、4椎间盘及部分椎体切除术,分别植入n-HA／PA66复合生物活性椎间融合器和自体髂骨块,术后4、12、24周行CT检查;术后12、24周行组织学和生物力学评估。结果24周时n-HA／PA66椎间融合器与自体髂骨在山羊颈3、4椎间均可形成骨性融合,组织学、影像学及生物力学等各项测试指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论n-HA／PA66椎间融合器具有良好的骨传导性和生物力学特性,达到了良好的融合效果,是一种理想的椎间融合材料。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合人工椎体在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用

目的探讨纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66（n-HA/PA66）复合人工椎体在颈椎前路减压融合术中恢复、维持颈椎曲度及椎间高度的效果。方法对38例颈椎病患者采用颈椎前路减压融合术,20例行n-HA/PA66复合人工椎体植骨（A组）,18例行自体髂骨植骨（B组）。比较两组植骨融合情况、融合节段椎间高度及Cobb角。结果两组均经6～15个月随访,均获植骨融合。术后3个月相对于术后1周融合节段椎体后缘高度及Cobb角改变,两组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3个月后椎间高度变化均较小,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 n-HA/PA66复合人工椎体在维持椎体后缘高度和融合节段曲度方面均优于自体髂骨,且较快达到骨性融合。     

不同植骨材料椎间融合效果的实验研究

目的观察不同植骨融合材料在兔腰椎椎体间脊柱融合的愈合情况，探讨不同的植骨材料替代自体骨用于腰椎椎体间融合的可能性。方法试验组分5组：空白对照组、自体骨组、同种异体骨组、生物陶瓷+自体骨组、重组人骨形态发生蛋白（rhBMP-2）复合体组。椎体间移植后4、8、12周，通过大体观察、手法检测、影像学、生物力学和组织学方法评价脊柱愈合情况。结果术后12周，大体及手法检测显示空白对照组不能自行达到脊柱融合，融合率为0％（0/12）；自体骨组脊柱融合率为83.3%（10/12）；同种异体骨组为66.7%（8/12）；生物陶瓷+自体骨组融合率为66.7%（8/12）；rhBMP-2复合体组为100%（12/12），组织学显示成骨早，新骨形成量大，降解快，生物力学测试结果表明，自体骨组与同种异体骨组和生物陶瓷+自体骨组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)，rhBMP-2复合体组优于其它组(P＜0.05)。结论同种异体骨、生物陶瓷+自体骨、rhBMP-2复合体均能替代自体骨行脊柱椎体间融合，rhBMP-2复合体更能促进脊柱愈合，提高脊柱愈合的生物力学强度。     

部分可吸收椎间融合器的设计及有限元分析

目的 设计部分可吸收椎间融合器(partially bioabsorbable interbody fusion cage,PBIFC),并应用有限元模型评估其生物力学性能.方法 采用纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66 (n- HA/PA66)和多聚氨基酸复合硫酸钙材料,设计并制作PBIFC.建立完整L3/4腰椎节段的有限元模型并验证;在该模型上,模拟经前路植入PBIFC或同外形非吸收型椎间融合器n-HA/PA66 cage,分别建立植入即刻和植入4周的有限元模型;在L3上表面施加400N轴向压缩预载荷和10 Nm扭矩,模拟脊柱压缩、前屈、后伸、旋转和侧屈5种运动,计算各模型的应力值及应力轮廓.结果 植入即刻,PBIFC模型植骨的应力高于n-HA/PA66 cage模型;融合器及终板应力低于n-HA/PA66 cage模型;两个模型终板应力轮廓未见明显区别.植入4周时,PBIFC模型植骨的应力高于n-HA/PA66 cage模型;融合器及终板应力低于n-HA/PA66 cage模型,且差值较植入即刻时更大;PBIFC模型的终板应力轮廓较n-HA/PA66 cage模型大.结论 PBIFC较相同外形的非吸收型融合器具有更多的优点,是一种适宜的新型椎间融合器.     

颈椎椎间融合器复合涂层及生长因子在山羊体内的融合效果评价

 目的 在活体山羊颈椎上比较自体三面皮质髂骨、帽式颈椎椎间融合器（hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage,HCIFC）、表面喷涂羟基磷灰石的HCIFC及载有生长因子的羟基磷灰石涂层HCIFC的椎间融合效果。方法 将32头山羊随机平均分为4组：自体骨组、HCIFC组、羟基磷灰石涂层组及生长因子组。各组均行C₃~C₄椎间盘切除术并植入以上内植物。于术前、术后即刻及术后1、2、4、8、12周摄颈椎正、侧位X线片,于侧位X线片上测量平均椎间高度（disc space height,DSH）、椎间角（intervertebral angle,IVA）及前凸角（lordosis angle,LA）;术后12周处死动物,取C₃~C₄节段标本进行生物力学测定及组织学评估。结果 生长因子组的颈椎屈曲、后伸和侧屈的平均刚度显著大于其他组（P<0.05）;羟基磷灰石涂层组后伸、轴向旋转及侧屈的平均刚度显著大于HCIFC组和自体骨组（P<0.05）。影像学及组织学检测结果显示,3个颈椎椎间融合器组的椎间融合效果均好于自体骨组,其中生长因子组的融合效果最好。结论 羟基磷灰石涂层可以改善颈椎椎间融合器的融合效果,生长因子能促进骨融合。     

双表达重组腺病毒介导的骨形态发生蛋白2-9复合纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66融合器用于山羊椎间融合的效果评价

目的：比较双表达重组腺病毒介导的骨形态发生蛋白2-9（Adv-BMP2-9）与单表达Adv-BMP9和Adv-BMP2复合纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66（nHA/PA66)融合器用于山羊椎间融合的效果,验证BMP2与BMP9的协同成骨作用。 方法：选用40只中国青山羊行L2-3、L3-4和L 4-5腰椎间融合术,共融合120个腰椎间隙。每个腰椎间隙植入nHA/PA66 融合器复合以下4种腺病毒之一,Adv-BMP9（Adv-BMP9组,n=30）、Adv-BMP2 (Adv-BMP2组,n=30)、Adv-BMP2-9（Adv-BMP2-9组,n=30）和Adv-GFP（Adv-GFP组,n=30）。术后24周处死所有山羊,取出融合节段标本,行影像学评估和生物力学分析。 结果：X线检测,术前、术后各组间椎间隙高度(DSH）比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组标本椎间融合率,Adv-BMP2-9组为70% (21/30),Adv-BMP9组为53% (16/30),Adv-BMP2组为43% (13/30),而Adv-GFP组为30%（9/30）。各组椎间CT融合度评分,Adv-hBMP2-9组、Adv-hBMP9组、Adv-hBMP2组和Adv-GFP组依次为52.29±0.72、44.02±0.67、38.83±0.86和28.65±0.47,各组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。生物力学评估,Adv-BMP2-9组融合节段刚度大于Adv-BMP9组( P<0.05) ;Adv-BMP9组融合节段刚度大于Adv-BMP2组,但差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。实验期间各组山羊均未观察到局部或远处感染、发热和异物排斥反应。 结论：双表达Adv-BMP2-9复合nHA/PA66 融合器对山羊椎间融合效果优于单表达Adv-BMP9或Adv-BMP2,BMP2与BMP9具有协同成骨作用。     

壳聚糖-磷酸钙/rhBMP-2复合材料在兔腰椎椎间融合的应用

目的 研究壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)-磷酸钙(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)材料复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2,rhBMP-2)在兔腰椎椎间融合的作用.方法 制备壳聚糖-磷酸钙(CS-CPC)支架,再将CS-CPC支架放入rhBMP-2溶液中浸泡,真空抽吸后,冷冻干燥.测量改良后CS-CPC支架的孔隙率及抗压强度,扫描电镜观察其超微结构;将CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料植入兔肌袋模型中,用组织学方法检测其体内异位成骨能力及生物相容性.行兔前路腰椎椎间融合术(anterior lumbar intervertebral fusion,ALIF),A组植入自体松质骨,B组植入不含rhBMP-2的材料,C组植入复合有rhBMP-2的材料,D组不植入任何材料.通过X线、CT、组织学及生物力学等手段检测其成骨效果.结果 制备的复合rhBMP-2后的CS-CPC支架的空隙率为87%,压缩弹性模量为20 MPa.扫描电镜结果显示支架材料内部为多孔结构,孔径超过100 μm.CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料在兔体内可异位成骨.兔腰椎椎间融合后3个月,A,C组显示有椎体融合.两组间融合节段的生物力学强度大致相同.B,D组无融合迹象.结论 CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料具有良好的孔隙率、抗压强度及超微三维结构.在兔腰椎椎间融合中表现出良好的融合效果.有望成为脊柱融合术骨融合材料的替代材料.     

腹腔镜下多孔自固化磷酸钙人工骨复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白2在山羊腰椎体间融合中的作用

目的 通过腹腔镜技术行山羊椎体间融合,研究新型多孔自固化磷酸钙复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rh-BMP2)的骨性融合情况.方法 选择14只体重均匀、成年山羊随机分为3组,行L4～L5椎间盘摘除+椎体间钛网植骨融合术.A组:切开自体骨钛网组;B组:镜下合成骨钛网组(CPC组);C组:镜下含rhBMP-2的合成骨钛网组(CPC/rhBMP-2组)(6只).于术后6、12周分批处死动物,进行大体标本、组织切片,影像学检查及生物力学分析.结果 腹腔镜下椎间盘软骨终板的平均切除率与切开组无统计学差异,术后3个月3组均获得骨性融合,但镜下CPC/rhBMP-2组的骨痂出现较前两组早,骨痂量多.结论 新型多孔自同化磷酸钙复合rh-BMP2在腹腔镜技术下能够达到山羊椎体间骨性融合,可作为一种合适的修复材料复合物,以期临床应用.     

壳聚糖-磷酸钙/rhBMP-2复合材料在兔腰椎椎间融合的作用观察

[摘要] 目的 研究壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)-磷酸钙(Calcium Phosphate Cement,CPC)材料复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白2（recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, rhBMP-2）在兔腰椎椎间融合的作用。 方法 制备壳聚糖-磷酸钙（CS- CPC）支架,再将CS-CPC支架放入rhBMP-2溶液中浸泡,真空抽吸后,冷冻干燥。测量改良后CS-CPC支架的孔隙率及抗压强度, 扫描电镜观察其超微结构;将CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料植入兔肌袋模型中,用组织学方法检测其体内异位成骨能力及生物相容性。行兔前路腰椎椎间融合术（anterior lumbar intervertebral fusion,ALIF）,A组植入自体松质骨,B组植入不含rhBMP-2的材料,C组植入复合有rhBMP-2的材料,D组不植入任何材料。通过X光、CT、组织学及生物力学等手段检测其成骨效果。结果 制备的复合rhBMP-2后的CS-CPC支架的空隙率为87%,压缩弹性模量为20 MPa。扫描电镜结果显示支架材料内部为多孔结构,孔径超过100μm。CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料在兔体内可异位成骨。兔腰椎椎间融合后3个月,A、C组显示有椎体融合。两组间融合节段的生物力学强度大致相同。B、D组无融合迹象。结论 CS-CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料具有良好的孔隙率、抗压强度及超微三维结构。在兔腰椎椎间融合中表现出良好的融合效果。有望成为脊柱融合术骨融合材料的替代材料。 [关键词] 壳聚糖-磷酸钙 骨形态发生蛋白 脊柱融合 组织工程     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.