Associations of oxidative stress status parameters with traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Background. The purpose of this study was to assess oxidative stress status parameters and their possible associations with traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with schizophrenia, as well as their potential for patient-control discrimination. Methods. Fasting glucose, lipid profile and oxidative stress status parameters were assessed in 30 schizophrenic patients with atypical antipsychotic therapy and 60 control subjects. Results. Malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) were significantly higher whereas total sulfhydryl (SH) groups were significantly lower in schizophrenic patients vs. control group. Higher serum PAB values showed an independent association with schizophrenia. The addition of PAB to conventional risk factors improved discrimination between healthy control subjects and patients. Conclusion. Increased oxidative stress and changed lipid profile parameters are associated in schizophrenic patients and may indicate risk for atherosclerosis. The serum PAB level may reflect the levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia and improve discrimination of patients from controls.     

肺结核患儿血清对氧磷酶活性与氧化应激指标的改变及其临床意义

目的探讨肺结核患儿血清对氧磷酶(PON1)活性与氧化应激指标的改变及其临床意义。方法连续性随机选取本院收治的肺结核患儿80例,综合分析患儿血清总氧化态(TOS)、总抗氧化态(TAS)和氧化应激指数(OSI)等氧化应激指标与PON1水平的改变及其相关性。结果肺结核患儿TAS明显低于对照组[(1.8±1.1)、(2.3±1.9)μmoL Trolox Eq/L,P0.05],而TOS和OSI明显高于对照组[(25.9±18.4)、(9.8±5.6)μmoL H2O2Eq/L,(13.3±7.7)、(4.5±2.1),P0.05]。在血清PON1水平方面,肺结核组明显低于对照组[(16.9±12.1)、(25.5±14.3)U/L,P0.05]。通过Pearson和Sperman相关性分析可见,PON1与TAS呈正相关(r=0.303,P0.05),与TOS和OSI呈负相关(rTOS=-0.283,rOSI=-0.228,P0.05)。结论肺结核患儿体内处于高氧化应激状态,同时PON1水平明显下降。     

Blood oxidative stress status in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis.

The study aimed at determining the presence of an oxidative stress in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), a new inflammatory myopathy with suspected toxic etiology related to aluminium hydroxide-containing vaccines. A total of 30 MMF patients (nine males, 21 females; aged 42+/-14 years), whose diagnosis was confirmed by deltoid biopsy, have been included and compared to 38 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects (10 males, 28 females; aged 43+/-8 years). The blood oxidative stress status has been evaluated by assaying six parameters: plasma lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: TBARS) and antioxidant defense systems: plasma vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, erythrocyte GSH-Px and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Plasma selenium was also determined as a trace element essential to the activity of GSH-Px. Statistical significance was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test. Plasma GSH-Px activity, selenium and vitamin E concentration were significantly lower in MMF group than in controls (P=0.004, P=0.003 and P=0.009, respectively), with a positive correlation in MMF patients between plasma GSH-Px activity and selenium concentration (rho=0.0001). The other parameters of oxidative stress did not significantly differ between both groups. A macrophage activation could occur in MMF, consequently to chronic stimulation by aluminium-containing vaccines, and could participate to the lower values of selenium and vitamin E observed in comparison with controls. Nevertheless, since no deficiency in these elements has been observed, no supplementation is to be considered.     

癫痫持续状态患者神经元损伤与氧化应激的关系

目的 探讨癫痫持续状态(SE)患者神经元损伤与氧化应激的关系.方法 以30例SE患者(SE组)为研究对象,检测其在癫痫发作6 h内的血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酸(8-OHdG)及丙二醛(MDA)水平;以30例健康者作为对照组.结果 SE组血清NSE水平(26.98±4.16 ng/mL)高于对照组(16.34±3.11 ng/mL),T-SOD(77.22±18.42 U/mL)低于对照组(104.53±15.99 U/mL),8-OHdG(527.36±63.94 pg/mL)高于对照组(334.09±57.51 pg/mL),MDA(10.58±1.39 nmol/mL)高于对照组(5.33±1.76 nmol/mL)(P<0.001).SE组血清NSE水平与T-SOD呈负相关(r=-0.85,P<0.001),与8-OHdG、MDA呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.74和0.86(P<0.001).多元逐步回归分析显示,T-SOD、8-OHdG、MDA对NSE有显著影响,标准回归系数分别为-0.474、0.055、2.870(P<0.01).结论 SE患者体内存在氧化系统和抗氧化系统失衡,氧化应激可能参与了癫痫发作的病理生理过程,也是造成SE神经元损伤原因之一.     

糖耐量减低者体内氧化应激水平升高

目的 探讨糖耐量减低患者体内氧化应激状况.方法 选取糖耐量减低（IGT）组45例和糖耐量正常（NGT）组51例,测定其血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）、活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平.比较IGT组与NGT组的氧化应激状况,并对氧化应激指标进行相关性分析.结果 与NGT组相比,IGT组血清SOD和GSH水平明显下降,而血清ROS和MDA水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;而且经校正性别和年龄后,两组问的差异仍具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Spearman相关分析显示,GSH与年龄、BMI、FBG以及TG呈负相关;SOD与年龄、FBG、HOMA-IR以及TC呈负相关;ROS与年龄、BMI、FBG、HOMA-IR以及TG呈正相关;MDA与HOMA-IR和TG呈正相关.结论 此研究结果提示,糖耐量减低者体内存在着高水平的氧化应激状态,但仍有待于更大样本的进一步研究来证实.     

Association between oxidative stress and changes of trace elements in patients with breast cancer

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between oxidative stress and certain trace elements in the blood of breast cancer patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in serum of patients with breast cancer (n = 35) and controls (n = 35) by high performance liquid chromatography. Trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In the present study, significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of breast cancer patients (p < 0.01). The concentrations of zinc and iron remained unaltered. However, the mean serum copper level in patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, the mean serum selenium level in patients with stage III was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was also observed between copper and MDA levels in the patient group but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the presence of an association between oxidative stress and trace elements was observed in patients with breast cancer. We suggest that increased oxidative stress in patients with breast cancer may result from changes in the levels of certain trace elements.     

糖尿病肾病患者血清脂联素和血管内皮生长因子水平与氧化应激的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病并发不同程度肾病患者血清脂联素(adiponection,APN)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)水平变化,以及二者与氧化应激状况的关系。方法 196例糖尿病患者按24h尿蛋白排泄率水平分为正常组62例、微量组70例和大量组64例,选择62例体检健康者为对照组。分别检测APN,VEGF、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平,并进行组间比较和分析。结果正常组、微量组和大量组血清APN,VEGF,SOD活性,GSH-Px及MDA水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);微量组APN和MDA水平较正常组升高(P<0.05);大量组APN,VEGF,SOD和MDA较正常组升高(P<0.05);大量组APN和VEGF较微量组升高(P<0.05);二元变量相关分析显示,APN与MDA呈负相关(r=-0.494,P<0.05),与SOD,GSH-Px呈正相关(r=0.336,P<0.05;r=0.412,P<0.05);VEGF与MDA呈正相关(r=0.582,P<0.05),与SOD,GSH-Px呈负相关(r=-0.463,P<0.05;r=-0.453,P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病肾病患者APN,VEGF与人体氧化应激状况有相关性,其水平变化提示2型糖尿病患者发生肾脏并发症的可能。     

Association of oxidative stress and PON1 with LDL and HDL particle size in middle-aged subjects

BACKGROUND: Alterations in plasma lipoprotein subclass distributions affect atherosclerosis risk. Smaller, denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (sdLDL) are more susceptible to oxidation. In contrast, most of the protective effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are attributable to larger particles. This study investigates the connection between LDL and HDL particle heterogeneity and oxidative stress, antioxidative defence (AOD) and paraoxonase (PON1) status in a healthy middle-aged Serbian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LDL and HDL particle sizes and subclass distributions were measured by gradient gel electrophoresis in 104 men and 103 women, aged 53 +/- 9.4 years. PON1 activities and PON1(Q192R) phenotypes were determined with paraoxon and diazoxon as substrates. The oxidative stress/AOD status was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide-anion (O2*(-)) levels and superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity. RESULTS: Subjects with sdLDL had significantly higher MDA (P < 0.001) and O2*(-)(P < 0.05) levels and greater diazoxonase (DZOase) activity (P < 0.05) compared to subjects with larger LDL particles. A high MDA concentration was a significant predictor of the sdLDL phenotype (P < 0.005). Increased levels of and MDA were associated with smaller HDL(3) subclass abundance. Reduced HDL particle size was associated with lower DZOase activity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of symptoms of atherosclerosis, sdLDL particles are associated with increased oxidative stress, which may stimulate a compensatory rise in PON1 DZOase activity. Elevated oxidative stress may significantly affect HDL subclass distribution, resulting in the accumulation of smaller, denser HDL particles with diminished antioxidative capacity.     

Association between nitric oxide and oxidative stress in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is a major complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and the mechanisms involved in the pathology are important if the success rate of treatment strategies is to increase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50 CAPD patients (25 with 25 episodes of peritonitis and 25 with no clinical or laboratory signs of infection) were included in the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in serum and dialysate effluents were determined. RESULTS: The dialysate/serum (D/S) ratio of the NO metabolites and serum NO metabolite concentrations were significantly higher in the peritonitis group. Serum and dialysate MDA concentrations were also significantly higher in the peritonitis group. The D/S ratio of MDA was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Local peritoneal NO production and oxidative stress seem to increase in CAPD patients during the peritonitis attack.     

Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

ObjectivesTo evaluate the oxidative status and antioxidant defense in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Design and methodsWe measured concentrations of plasmatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum protein carbonylation, whole blood catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as the plasmatic and erythrocyte thiol levels and serum vitamin E concentration. This study was performed on 80 children with ALL divided into 4 groups: just diagnosed, remission induction, remission maintenance and out-of-treatment.ResultsTBARS levels and serum protein carbonylation were higher in ALL patients than in controls and reduced levels of antioxidants were found in these patients.ConclusionThese findings may indicate a possible link between decreased antioxidants and increased levels of cells alterations due to oxidative damage, supporting the idea that there is a persistence of oxidative stress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.     

The effect of different dialysis membranes on oxidative stress and selenium status

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is an important risk factor for the development and progression of several complications in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different dialysis membranes on oxidative stress and selenium status. METHODS: Forty long-term dialysis patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled into our study. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium (Se) concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined before and after hemodialysis (HD) using a hemophan (H) or a polysulfone (PS) membrane. RESULTS: MDA levels in the HD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). GSH-Px activity and selenium concentrations were significantly lower in HD patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001). MDA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05); GSH-Px activity and selenium concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the PS membrane group compared to H membrane group after HD. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing with H membrane, PS membrane caused more oxidative stress and lower levels of Se in HD patients.     

Association between sperm quality, oxidative stress, and seminal antioxidant activity

Objectives

To determine seminal antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress markers, and their association with semen quality as oxidative stress is considered to be a major etiological factor in male infertility.

Subjects and methods

Semen samples were obtained from 138 men and categorized on the basis of sperm count, motility, and morphology. Seminal oxidative and antioxidant markers are as follows: lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiols, and ascorbic acid were determined.

Results

Sperm count significantly correlated positively with progressive sperm motility and normal morphology. Sperm count and normal morphology showed significant negative correlation with LPO and PC. Sperm count and progressive motility showed significant positive relationship with SOD. The SOD, CAT, and thiols positively whereas LPO and PC negatively associated with elevated sperm count.

Conclusion

Insufficient antioxidant enzymes and increased oxidative stress may attribute to the risk of declining semen quality and hence protective role for antioxidant enzymes against the oxidative damage cannot be ruled out.     

An oxidative stress score as a combined measure of the pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant counterparts in patients with coronary artery disease

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis.AimTo evaluate the relationship between a novel oxidative stress index (reflecting both oxidative and anti-oxidant counterparts) with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP) in coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods100 angiographically proven CAD and 70 control subjects (mean age: 65 ± 10 years, 110 males), underwent a global cardiovascular risk assessment and serum CRP and oxidative stress estimation. The Oxidative-INDEX was calculated after automated evaluation of serum hydroperoxides and total anti-oxidant capacity (D-ROM and OXY-adsorbent Test, Diacron, Italy) subtracting the OXY standardized variable from the ROM standardized variable.ResultsThe Oxidative-INDEX was higher in CAD with respect to control subjects (p < 0.001). A stepwise elevation in the Oxidative-INDEX levels was found depending on the number of affected vessels (p < 0.001). Oxidative stress was elevated according to the presence of diabetes (p < 0.001), smoking habit (p < 0.01), and hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.05). Oxidative-INDEX significantly correlated with aging (p ≤ 0.05) and CRP (p < 0.001). The Oxidative-INDEX increased with the number of cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.001).After adjustment for traditional CV risk factors, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the Oxidative-INDEX concentration as an independent factor for CAD (odds ratio = 1.4, confidence intervals = 1.1–1.9, p < 0.05).ConclusionOxidative stress represents a shared molecular pathway in atherosclerotic-related conditions, and its estimation by the automated Oxidative-INDEX could represent a valuable tool and a promising target in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CAD in the clinical setting.     

不同类型胰岛素对老年糖尿病患者氧化应激的影响

目的探讨不同类型胰岛素联合阿卡波糖对老年2型糖尿病患者体内氧自由基代谢的影响。方法随机选取80例老年2型糖尿病患者分为2组:A组(甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗组)、B组(诺和灵30R联合阿卡波糖治疗组);并选取40例体检健康者作为健康对照组。每组40例老年2型糖尿病患者,均接受为期4周的降糖治疗。并分别测定治疗前后患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、8-异前列腺素(8-iso-PGF2a)、一氧化氮(NO)等。结果老年2型糖尿病患者的FPG、2 h PG、血清MDA、8-iso-PGF2a均较健康对照组增高,而血清GSH-PX、SOD、NO低于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗组较诺和灵30R联合阿卡波糖治疗组能明显地改善糖尿病患者体内的氧化应激状态,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合应用甘精胰岛素和阿卡波糖治疗可以显著降低糖尿病患者体内氧化应激水平,提示该方案可有效降低氧自由基对靶器官的损伤,延缓糖尿病并发症的发生与发展。     

复用透析器对维持性透析患者氧化应激状态影响的研究

目的探讨复用透析器对慢性透析(CHD)患者氧化应激(OS)状态的影响及临床意义.方法 55例首次血液透析的慢性终末期肾病(ESRD)患者在采用新纤维素膜透析器透析治疗4周后,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组(n=27)继续使用新透析器维持透析,Ⅱ组(n=28)使用复用一次的透析器维持透析4周,同时设正常对照组22例,对比ESRD患者与正常对照组、单次血液透析前后以及采用新透析器和复用透析器维持血液透析四周前后血浆和红细胞丙二醛(MDA)、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(e-SOD)及血谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-px)水平.结果 ESRD患者血浆和红细胞MDA较正常对照组显著增高,红细胞SOD及GSH-px显著降低(P＜0.05).单次血液透析前后OS指标无显著变化,使用新透析器透析4周后,红细胞MDA显著增高(P＜0.05);使用复用透析器透析4周后红细胞MDA改变无显著性差异(P＞0.05),两组病例维持血液透析4周后SOD均显著增高,而GSH-px无显著改变(P＞0.05).结论 ESRD患者氧化应激加强,新透析器CHD可能加剧这一改变,而复用透析器有利于降低氧化应激反应.