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1.
Rahil Ahmadi Nahid Ramazani Rahmatollah Nourinasab 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(2):245-251
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with systemic conditions in a group of Iranian children.Methods
The study population comprised of 433 7-9 year olds, from four schools in Zahedan, Iran. Subjects were evaluated clinically by one examiner, and at a separate session, their mothers completed a coded medical history questionnaire. Hypo-mineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on DDE (developmental defects of enamel) index and DMFT (number of decayed, filled and missing teeth) was determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and independent sample t-tests.Findings
Fifty-five (12.7%) children showed MIH. The overall mean number of affected teeth was 0.2. The mean value of DMFT in MIH children was greater than in normal children. Demarcated opacities were the most frequent (76%) enamel defect. Mother''s and child''s medical problems during prenatal, perinatal and post natal period were significantly remarkable in MIH children.Conclusion
The prevalence of MIH in a group of Iranian children was 12.7%. Prenatal, perinatal and post natal medical conditions were more prevalent in children affected by MIH. 相似文献2.
Seyed-Jalil Mirmohammadi Rahmatollah Hafezi Amir Houshang Mehrparvar Bibiseyedeh Rezaeian Hamed Akbari 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(4):514-520
Objective
Malnutrition, overweight and obesity are major health concerns in modern societies and especially among children. Overweight and obesity affect children''s current and future health. It is known that the prevalence of overweight differs by race, sex, and geographic location.Methods
In a cross-sectional study 30092 Iranian children aged 7-18 years in six ethnic groups were selected by a cluster sampling. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and distribution of body mass index (BMI) by gender, age, and ethnicity were measured. Cutoff points of BMI for defining obesity and overweight were based on the Iranian, and IOTF standard values.Findings
This study showed a significant ethnic difference in BMI. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children was 9.27% and 3.22% respectively comparing international standards. The frequency of overweight and obesity was higher in boys.Conclusion
This study showed a significant difference in BMI among different ethnic groups. 相似文献3.
Seyed-Hassan Tonekaboni Farhad Mahvelati Shamsabadi Seyed-Saeed Anvari Ali Mazrooei Mohammad Ghofrani 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(3):303-308
Objective
The purpose of the present study is to compare efficacy and safety of buccal midazolam with intravenous diazepam in control of seizures in Iranian children.Methods
This is a randomized clinical trial. 92 patients with acute seizures, ranging from 6 months to 14 years were randomly assigned to receive either buccal midazolam (32 cases) or intravenous diazepam (60 cases) at the emergency department of a children''s hospital. The primary outcome of this study was cessation of visible seizure activity within 5 minutes from administration of the first dosage. The second dosage was used in case the seizure remained uncontrolled 5 minutes after the first one.Findings
In the midazolam group, 22 (68.8%) patients were relieved from seizures in 10 minutes. Meanwhile, diazepam controlled the episodes of 42 (70%) patients within 10 minutes. The difference was, however, not statistically significant (P=0.9). The mean time required to control the convulsive episodes after administration of medications was not statistically significant (P=0.09). No significant side effects were observed in either group. Nevertheless, the risk of respiratory failure in intravenous diazepam is greater than in buccal midazolam.Conclusion
Buccal midazolam is as effective as and safer than intravenous diazepam in control of seizures. 相似文献4.
Masoud Amiri Roya Kelishadi Mohammad-Esmaeil Motlagh Mahnaz Taslimi Marziyeh Dashti Tahereh Aminaee Gelayol Ardalan Parinaz Poursafa 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(1):71-78
Objective
To assess the national inequality of school readiness and autism among 6-year-old Iranian children before school entry using a national health assessment survey.Methods
In a cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were asked to participate in a mandatory national screening program in Iran in 2009 in two levels of screening and diagnostic levels.Findings
The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.1% urban residents). Of the whole children, 3.1% of the 6-year-old children had impaired vision. In addition, 1.2, 1.8, 1.4, 7.6, 0.08, 10, 10.9, 56.7, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.6 percent had color blindness, hearing impaired, speech disorder, school readiness, autism, height to age retardation, body mass index extremes, decayed teeth, disease with special needs, spinal disorders, and hypertension, respectively. The distribution of these disorders was unequally distributed across provinces.Conclusion
Our results confirmed that there is an inequality in distribution of school readiness and autism in 6-year-old children across Iranian provinces. The observed burden of these distributions among young children needs a comprehensive national policy with evidence-based province programs to identify the reason for different inequality among provinces. 相似文献5.
6.
Aazam Doustmohammadian Morteza Abdollahi Dolly Bondarianzadeh Anahita Houshiarrad Mitra Abtahi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(1):35-42
Objective
Overweight among adolescents is not only an important public health problem but also a problem affecting economic growth in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents at national level.Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Comprehensive Study on Household Food Consumption Patterns and Nutritional Status of IR Iran during 2001-2003. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific body mass index (BMI). Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaire. Among the 7158 participating households, data on 7908 adolescents aged 11-19 years (3750 girls and 4158 boys) was analyzed.Findings
The prevalence of overweight (85–94th percentile) in boys and girls was 6.2%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (≥95th percentile) among boys and girls was similar (3.3%). Parents’ weight status, father''s job and parents’ education showed significant association with weight status in adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father''s job were the main parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents.Conclusion
Parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father''s job seem to be the major parental determinants of overweight in Iranian adolescents. Future prevention programs must take these risk factors into account. 相似文献7.
Amir Hossein Memari Monir Shayestehfar Fatemeh-Sadat Mirfazeli Tahereh Rashidi Parisa Ghanouni Sina Hafizi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(3):269-275
Objective
The objectives of the current study were to translate and adapt Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) into Persian language and to investigate its reliability and validity in an Iranian autistic sample.Methods
A total sample of 134 children with autism spectrum disorders aged 6-15 years were assigned to the study. The process of cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to international methodological steps as following: translation, back-translation, revision by an expert committee and pretest. A sample of 20 primary caregivers of autistic children were pretested. The content validity of the ATEC was reviewed by the expert committee all through the stages. The construct quality of the questionnaire was evaluated by comparison of the adapted version of the instrument with similar tests assessed similar factors. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated through stability and homogeneity assessments.Findings
The results showed good content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach''s alpha: 0.86-0.93). In relation to construct validity, there was significant correlation between ATEC subscales and raw data obtained from Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) (r=0.38-0.79). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the test–retest reliability was excellent for all the subscales and also for total scores (ICC: 0.79 - 0.93).Conclusion
Cross-cultural adaptation of ATEC was successful. The psychometric properties were verified and indicated that the adapted questionnaire is valid and reliable to use in Iranian culture. 相似文献8.
Soheila Shahshahani Roshanak Vameghi Nadia Azari Firoozeh Sajedi Anooshirvan Kazemnejad 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2010,20(3):313-322
Objective
This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) in Iranian children, in order to provide an appropriate developmental screening tool for Iranian child health workers.Methods
At first a precise translation of test was done by three specialists in English literature and then it was revised by three pediatricians familiar with developmental domains. Then, DDST-II was performed on 221 children ranging from 0 to 6 years, in four Child Health Clinics, in north, south, east and west regions of Tehran city. In order to determine the agreement coefficient, these children were also evaluated by ASQ test. Because ASQ is designed to use for 4–60 month- old children, children who were out of this rang were evaluated by developmental pediatricians. Available sampling was used. Obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software.Findings
Developmental disorders were observed in 34% of children who were examined by DDST-II, and in 12% of children who were examined by ASQ test. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST-II and ASQ was 0.21, which is weak, and between DDST-II and the physicians’ examination was 0.44. The content validity of DDST-II was verified by reviewing books and journals, and by specialists’ opinions. All of the questions in DDST-II had appropriate content validity, and there was no need to change them. Test-retest and Inter-rater methods were used in order to determine reliability of the test, by Cronbach''s α and Kauder-Richardson coefficients. Kauder-Richardson coefficient for different developmental domains was between 61% and 74%, which is good. Cronbach''s α coefficient and Kappa measure of agreement for test-retest were 92% and 87% and for Inter-rater 90% and 76%, respectively.Conclusion
This research showed that Persian version of DDST-II has a good validity and reliability, and can be used as a screening tool for developmental screening of children in Tehran city. 相似文献9.
Objective
The importance of pediatric research especially in the ethically proven trials resulted in considerable legislative attempts in association with compiling ethical guidelines. Because of children''s vulnerability conducting pediatric research raises different ethical issues; the two most important of which are informed consent and risk-benefit assessment. Differences in religious and socio-cultural context limit implication of ethical standards.Methods
At the aim of finding a solution we critically reviewed guidelines, and literatures as well as Islamic points in addition to comparing different viewpoints in application of ethical standards in pediatric research.Findings
The literature review showed that pediatric research guidelines and authors’ viewpoints have the same basic ethical core, but there are some variations; depend on cultural, religious, and social differences. Furthermore, these standards have some limitations in defining informed consent according to child''s age and capacity upon application.Conclusion
In this regard Islamic approach and definition about growth development and puberty sheds light and clarifies a clearer and more rational address to the issue. 相似文献10.
Aim
To measure the relationship between perceived child competence, parental self‐efficacy, and children''s glycaemic control.Methods
Cross‐sectional outpatient based questionnaire survey of 78 parents of children aged 6–12 years with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, diagnosed for at least one year. Parental perceptions of their child''s competence were assessed, together with parental perceptions of their own self‐efficacy in managing their child''s diabetes. Glycaemic control was assessed by the average annual HbA1C level.Results
The response rate was 64.5% (51 parents); 82% were mothers and the socioeconomic class and ethnicity spread was representative of the general population. The mean age of the children was 10 years and duration of diabetes 4.4 years. Poorer glycaemic control was associated with higher perceived child competence, together with lower perceived age of responsibility, lower perceived seriousness, and less frequent blood tests. Higher parental self‐efficacy and higher perceived child competence predicted a higher level of normalisation, as did lower perceived seriousness, a lower perceived parental responsibility for management, and a less protective style of parenting.Conclusion
Parents'' perceptions of their children''s diabetes are significantly related to glycaemic control; however, those who appear more competent at managing diabetes may overestimate their child''s capabilities, leading to poorer glycaemic control. 相似文献11.
Background
Perforation of Meckel''s diverticulum by a foreign body in children is rarely reported and is usually associated with localized or generalized fibropurulent peritonitis.Case Presentation
The authors encountered such a case in a 4-year-old boy with perforation of Meckel''s diverticulum by a piece of peanut presenting as a mesentery abscess. The diverticulum was wide-based and histology showed a transmural perforation at the tip of the diverticulum.Conclusion
Local inflammation due to irritation of the foreign body and progressive pressure necrosis at the tip of the diverticulum may be the pathogenesis of mesentery abscess. A search of the English literature did not reveal any similar case. 相似文献12.
Morris C Kurinczuk JJ Fitzpatrick R Rosenbaum PL 《Archives of disease in childhood》2006,91(8):675-679
Aim
To determine the reliability of family assessment for the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for children with cerebral palsy in the UK.Methods
Families of a complete geographically defined population of children with cerebral palsy between 6 and 12 years old were identified from the 4Child epidemiological database. Postal surveys were conducted with the families and any of the child''s health professionals that were nominated by the families.Results
Families of 129/314 eligible children took part in the study (41%). The indices of agreement and reliability between families and professionals were also equivalent to those observed between the professionals (κ = 0.5, ICC ⩾0.9). Reliability coefficients were higher when more of the professionals classified children using direct observation rather than only reviewing their clinical records.Conclusions
Despite excellent reliability, families and professionals did not always agree exactly on a child''s GMFCS level. Classifications may differ due to children''s varying performance in different environments, in which case families will almost certainly know their children''s ability in a broader range of settings. The indices of reliability of family assessment for the GMFCS meet the recommended criteria for use with individuals and groups, indicating that the method is suitable for use in research studies and clinical practice. 相似文献13.
Sara Tavassoli-Hojjati DDS MSc Majid Mehran DDS MSc Roza Haghgoo DDS MSc Monireh Tohid-Rahbari DDS MSc Rahil Ahmadi DDS MSc 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2014,24(2):198-206
Objective
Providing a safe and efficient dental treatment for a young patient is a challenge for the dentist and the child. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of buccal midazolam in dental pediatric patients and to compare it with oral Midazolam.Methods
Eighteen uncooperative healthy children aged 2.5-6 years were randomized to each of buccal midazolam (0.3mg/kg) or oral midazolam (0.5mg/kg) at the first visit, the alternative has been used at the second visit in a cross-over manner. The study took place at pediatric dentistry clinic of Shahed University, Tehran, from November 2011 to June 2012. The patients‘ vital signs and behavioral scores were recorded. The patient, the operator and the observer were blinded to the applied medication. Post operatively, patients‘ and parents‘ satisfaction were assessed by Visual Analogue Score and a questionnaire respectively. The P-value was set at 0.05 for significance level.Findings
There were no significant differences in physiologic factors in the medication groups at time 0, 10, 20, 30 minutes and discharge. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in behavioral parameters. The majority of parents rated both sedative agents as “effective” or “very effective” and their children mostly were without anxiety or with minor anxiety.Conclusion
Buccal midazolam may be safely and efficiently used in sedation of pediatric dental patients. 相似文献14.
Mussaffi H Omer R Prais D Mei-Zahav M Weiss-Kasirer T Botzer Z Blau H 《Archives of disease in childhood》2007,92(8):678-682
Background
Asthma quality of life questionnaires are not readily incorporated into clinical care. We therefore computerised the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (standardised) (PAQLQ(S)) and the Paediatric Asthma Caregivers Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ), with a colour‐coded printed graphical report.Objectives
To (a) assess the feasibility of the electronic questionnaires in clinical care and (b) compare the child''s PAQLQ scores with the parent''s score, physician''s clinical score and spirometry.Methods
Children with asthma were given a clinical severity score of 1–4 (increasing severity) and then completed the PAQLQ(S) electronically (scores 1–7 for increasing quality of life in emotional, symptoms and activity limitation domains) followed by spirometry and physician review. Parents completed the PACQLQ. Inclusion criteria required fluent Hebrew and reliable performance of spirometry. Children with additional chronic diseases were excluded.Results
147 children with asthma aged 7–17 years completed PAQLQs and 115 accompanying parents completed PACQLQs, taking 8.3 (4.3–15) and 4.4 (1.5–12.7) min, respectively (mean (range)). Graphical reports enabled physicians to address quality of life during even brief visits. Children''s (PAQLQ) and parents'' (PACQLQ) total scores correlated (r = 0.61, p<0.001), although the children''s median emotional score of 6.3 was higher than their parents'' 5.7 (p<0.001), whereas median activity limitation score was lower than their parents'': 5.0 and 6.8, respectively (p<0.001). No correlation was found with physician''s clinical score or spirometry.Conclusions
Electronic PAQLQs are easy to use, providing additional insight to spirometry and physician''s assessment, in routine asthma care. Future studies must assess impact on asthma management. 相似文献15.
Alireza Fahimzad Masoomeh Taherian Reza Dalirani Ahmadreza Shamshiri 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2010,20(1):97-100
Objective
Urinary tract is one of the most common sources of infection in children under the age of two years. Many known and unknown risk factors predispose to this important disease in children. This study was conducted to determine whether using a specific type of diaper plays a role in urinary tract infection (UTI) in girls under the age of 2 years.Methods
This case control study was performed in hospitalized children; girls with their first urinary tract infection were selected as cases, and those admitted for other reasons comprised the control group. Two groups were matched for age (±1 month), and other known risk factors for UTI. Type of diapers (superabsorbent, standard disposable and washable cotton), used for these children during six months, from October 2007 to March 2008, were compared in both groups.Findings
59 matched pair infant girls less than 2 years were selected. It was revealed that in cases with UTI superabsorbent diapers were used more frequently than in controls (Odds ratio=3.29, P-value=0.005) There were no significant differences in other factors like number of diapers used per day, the time between defecation and diaper change, mothers’ educational level, level of family income and mother''s occupation.Conclusion
The use of superabsorbent diapers could be a risk factor for urinary tract infection in infant girls. 相似文献16.
Alipasha Meysamie Maryam Daneshvar Fard Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(4):467-472
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in Iranian preschool children based on evaluations by parents and teachers because a thorough understanding of epidemiologic features of ADHD symptoms in preschool children is important for prevention and management.Methods
Children between the ages of three and six attending kindergarten participated in this study. For the survey, 37 kindergartens were selected by multistage (stratified cluster random) sampling, consisting of 2213 children with a design effect equal to 1.5. A 19-item observer-rating questionnaire was generated to assess ADHD symptoms in children within the last 6 months. This questionnaire was used by both teachers and parents to assess ADHD behavior in participating children.Findings
Of 1403 children aged 3–6 years, 362 were classified as having ADHD symptoms according to their parent evaluation [25.8% (23.6–28.1%)] and 239 according to their teachers evaluation [17% (14.1–20.4%)]. Child rank among siblings, mother''s education level, and interest in aggressive television programs were all independent explanatory variables according to parents’ evaluation. Gender, parent education, child rank, single parent and interest in aggressive television programs were all independent explanatory variables according to teachers’ evaluation.Conclusion
Our findings reveal a large discrepancy in the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschool children based on evaluation by parents and teachers. Thus, it seems that the ADHD screening should be performed in multiple settings in order to identify children who need further investigations. 相似文献17.
Ali Alavi Bahare Sharifi Ahmad Ghanizadeh Gholamreza Dehbozorgi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(4):467-472
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) for suicide prevention in decreasing suicidal ideation and hopelessness in a sample of depressed 12 to 18 year-old adolescents who had at least one previous suicidal attempt.Methods
In a clinical trial, 30 depressed adolescents who attempted suicide in the recent 3 months were selected using simple sampling method and divided randomly into intervention and wait-list control groups. Both groups received psychiatric interventions as routine. The intervention group received a 12 session (once a week) of CBT program according to the package developed by Stanley et al, including psychoeducational interventions and individual and family skills training modules. All of the patients were evaluated by Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Beck''s hopelessness Inventory, and Beck''s Depression Inventory before the intervention and after 12 weeks.Findings
There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the scores of the above mentioned scales after 12 weeks. Fifty-four to 77 percent decreases in the mean scores of the used scales were observed in the invention group. There were no significant changes in the scores of the control wait-list group. The differences between pre- and post-intervention scores in the intervention group were significant.Conclusion
CBT is an effective method in reducing suicidal ideation and hopelessness in the depressed adolescents with previous suicidal attempts. 相似文献18.
Nargess Afzali Abdolreza Malek Amir Hossein Hashemi Attar 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(2):253-255
Background
Pneumomediastinum is commonly caused by iatrogenic injury such as surgery on the cervical planes and chest or by tracheostomy. It is also well known that emphysema may occur after dental treatments using an air turbine drill, but there have been few cases of emphysema which extended to the mediastinum.Case Presentation
A 16-year-old boy is presented with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum which developed 24 hours after surgery for extraction of an inferior second molar. We first describe history, clinical presentation and radiologic appearance of our patient and then review the literature about oral surgery causing pneumomediastinum.Conclusion
Surgical procedures in oral cavity can lead to the development of emphysema and pneumomediastinum when air turbine dental drills are used. To avoid these complications, air turbine high speed drills should be used only in necessary cases. 相似文献19.
Behar Shehi G?zim Bo?ari Gentian Vyshka Rezar Xhepa Dritan Alushani 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(1):1-7
Objective
Gaucher''s disease is a rare genetic disorder that results in the accumulation of cerebrosides in the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, brain and bone marrow. The deficiency of the specific lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase is considered as causative factor. The first effective treatment for the disease, the drug Ceredase, approved in 1995, was replaced in 2001 by the drug Cerezyme®.Methods
During the period 2004-2009 in our service 11 children were hospitalized and treated for Gaucher''s disease: 9 children with type 1, and 2 children with type 3 of the disease. The enzymatic examinations of the biomarker chitotriosidase were performed in Sahlgren''s University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; the DNA analysis was performed in the Children''s Hospital & Regional Medical Center, Seattle, USA.Findings
We are presenting the biological and genetic molecular data of the children. In our case series, one year after the treatment started, the hemoglobin level was normalized; the platelet count was normalized in 7 patients after one year of treatment, and in 9 patients after two years of treatment. The hemorrhagic syndrome stopped after 6 months of treatment. Chitotriosidase values decreased 10-20 times the initial value, after one year of treatment and in one case the value reached the normal range. The treatment with Cerezyme® has also improved the visceral and biological signs. Anomalies of the oculomotricity were less sensitive to the treatment.Conclusion
According to our experience, Chitotriosidase is a sensitive and specific marker in diagnosing and monitoring Gaucher''s disease. The enzyme replacement therapy through Cerezyme® is an effective and safe treatment of Gaucher''s disease. Blood signs (anemia, platelet count); visceral signs (splenomegaly, hepatomegaly) as well as bone involvement showed decisive improvement under the therapy. 相似文献20.
Mohammadreza Alaei Gelareh Asadzadeh-Totonchi Latif Gachkar Shirin Farivar 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(3):379-384