Viable intraluminal tumour cells and local/regional tumour growth in experimental colon cancer

To determine if viable intraluminal tumour cells can leak through a watertight anastomosis and cause local/regional (extraluminal) tumour growth, tumour cells were introduced 2 cm proximal to a colonic anastomosis following laparotomy in a Wistar/Furth rat colon cancer model. Local/regional tumour growth was observed in all rats except a sham anastomotic group. No intraluminal tumour growth was observed in either group. Viable intraluminal tumour cells cause local/regional tumour growth by leakage through a clinically intact anastomosis and may be an important cause of local/regional tumour growth in human colorectal cancer.     

Dissemination of tumour cells from fine needle biopsy.

A 53 year old woman developed a cutaneous tumour implant in the needle track after transcutaneous fine needle biopsy of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The tumour implant was completely excised.     

分离培养骨巨细胞瘤破骨样细胞的方法学研究

本文通过组织块贴壁法、机械分离法和酶消化法对骨巨细胞瘤的破骨样细胞进行分离、培养。通过比较,结果显示：酶消化法提纯程度最高,收获量较多;机械分离法居中,但操作简单,对原位杂交、免疫组织化学和骨吸收功能检测具有一定的应用价值;组织块培养法需要时间长,各细胞成分混杂,对研究各细胞成分之间的关系,有一定帮助     

Discovery of escapee tumour cells—a milestone in cancer surgery

Background

Complete excision of tumour is the basic principle of curative surgery and traditionally oncological en-bloc tumour resection is a common practice. However, ironically, it is questionable whether surgery itself will cause tumour spillage.

Method

From January 2019 to March 2022, 133 tumour-related operations were performed. Routine operating field toileting was performed using warm normal saline before the end of operations. A filter was connected to the suction device throughout the whole operation processes. Sediments being trapped by the filter were sent for histopathology to look for the presence of spillage tumour cells—escapee tumour (ET) cells.

Results

A total of 26 (19.5%) of the collected residue showed the presence of ET cells while 16 residue samples (12%) revealed the presence of atypical cells. Incomplete resection (R1, R2 resection; P = .005, B = 1.519), advanced N-stage (N2 or N3 disease; P = .031, B = 1.510) and certain cancer type (oesophageal cancer in this study; P = .027, B = −1.567) are the statistically significant factors related to the presence of ET cells.

Conclusion

Tumour spillage occurs during operations. Long-term follow-up and larger-scale studies are required to determine the clinical significance of the positive ET cell cases and how to prevent tumour spillage during operations in the future.     

Migration of human glioma cells in response to tumour cyst fluids

Summary Glial tumours often show high degrees of local invasion that lead to local recurrence of the disease. Extracellular matrix components as well as soluble factors may play a critical role in this poorly understood process. Cyst fluid from human brain tumours may accumulate such autocrine produced factors and may represent a source were those factors may be easily obtained and studied. We have studied the effect of cyst fluids harvested from 17 glial tumours, 3 meningiomas, and three metastases on the motility of established human glioma cell lines. Both cyst fluids of high grade and low grade gliomas contained varying degrees of motility enhancing activity. No such activity was identified in cyst fluids obtained from meningiomas. The relation of mitogenic and motogenic activity in three selected cyst fluids was analysed using a quantitative monolayer migration assay. Quantitative analysis of cyst fluid effects on both proliferation and migration indicate that tumour cyst fluids contain factors that strongly stimulate cell migration and that maximum stimulation of migration did not occur at concentrations optimal for cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that glial tumours in fact produce and secrete soluble factors that may contribute to their dissemination in brain tissue.     

Red blood cells inhibit tumour cell adhesion to the peritoneum

BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood transfusion has been associated with increased tumour recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Blood loss in the peritoneal cavity might be a tumour-promoting factor for local recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether blood in the peritoneal cavity affects local tumour recurrence. Methods: In an established in vivo rat model the effect of 1.5 ml syngeneic whole blood on tumour cell adhesion and tumour growth was investigated. In the same model the effect of 1.5 ml pure red blood cell (RBC) concentrate and 1.5 ml RBC-derived substances on tumour cell adhesion was studied. In an established in vitro model the effect of increasing numbers of RBCs (0-250 bx 10(6)) on tumour cell adhesion and tumour growth was assessed. RESULTS: Both the presence of blood and RBC concentrate in the peritoneal cavity prevented tumour cell adhesion in vivo (overall P 相似文献   

Expression of preosteoblast markers and Cbfa-1 and Osterix gene transcripts in stromal tumour cells of giant cell tumour of bone

In giant cell tumour of bone (GCT), mononuclear stromal cells, which represent the neoplastic component of this lesion, regulate the formation of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells which are the characteristic hallmark of this tumour. However, the origin of stromal tumour cells has not yet been clearly defined. In this study, we evaluated several osteoblast markers including collagen type I, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin and osteocalcin in GCT using immunohistochemical techniques. Amongst the 13 GCT specimens and 7 GCT stromal cell (GCTSC) cultures studied, majority of the GCTSC synthesized type I collagen, BSP and osteonectin proteins but did not produce the differentiated osteoblast marker, osteocalcin. We further examined the regulation of several important osteogenic genes such as Cbfa-1, osterix and osteocalcin, and regulation of ALP activity in GCTSC in culture by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Real-time PCR analysis indicated that Cbfa-1, osterix and osteocalcin mRNA were present in primary cultures of GCTSC. The addition of BMP-2 upregulated Cbfa-1 and osterix gene expression within 12 h and the enhancement was still observed at 24 h. ALP activity was minimal in untreated GCTSC in cultures. The number of ALP-positive GCTSC was significantly increased following treatment with BMP-2 or combinations with beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. In contrast, BMP enhancement of osterix mRNA level and ALP activity was also seen in SaOS2 osteoblast-like cells, but not in the primary culture of normal human skin fibroblasts. In summary, our data suggest that GCT stromal tumour cells may have an osteoblastic lineage and retain the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.     

Manifestation of K+ transport alterations in cultured tumour cells of mice

Sarcoma was induced by injection of human adenovirus type 12 into newborn, isogeneic CBA mice and maintained in adult female CBA mice by serial passages. Cells obtained from the tumours were cultivated by 3-4 passages in vitro. Normal fibroblastic cell cultures were gained by the same manner from isogeneic CBA mouse embryos. Characteristics of potassium transport in cultures of malignant cells and of normal fibroblastic cells were analysed. As a chemical tracer of K+ movements, 86Rb+ was applied. No significant difference could be detected either in the potassium concentration, or in the 86Rb+ uptake of the two types of cultured cells. However, when the cells were exposed to ouabain, the malignant cells showed a significantly reduced response, thus, the malignant cells accomplished a much less decrease in either cellular potassium concentration or in that of 86Rb+ uptake rate than the normal cells. These findings well fit the hypothesis advanced by several authors that malignant cells have a reduced density of ouabain receptor on the membrane.     

Serum dependent variability in the adherence of tumour cells to surgical sutures

Five commonly used surgical sutures were tested for their abilities to adhere tumour cells by an in vitro adherence assay. Adherence was quantified in vitro using radiolabelled tumour cells after standard incubation with a set length of the differing sutures. Tumour cells consistently adhered least to Prolene. All suture materials tested adhered significantly more tumour cells than Prolene (P less than 0.002 for chromic and less than 0.0001 for nylon, silk and Vicryl when compared with Prolene, with increasing cell numbers adhering to the sutures tested in that order). These differences in adherence were dependent upon an as yet unidentified macromolecule(s) in serum. All of the suture materials supported tumour growth in vivo after pre-incubation with tumour cells. Rapidity of in vivo tumour growth, however, correlated well with the in vitro tumour adherence characteristics of the different suture materials. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.     

Prognostic significance of peritoneal tumour cells identified at surgery for colorectal cancer

Background:

The prognostic significance of intraperitoneal tumour cells (IPCs) in colorectal cancer is not clear. This study aimed to determine whether detection of IPCs could be used a prognostic marker for selecting patients at high risk of recurrence.

Methods:

The study included 226 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent elective resection. Clinical variables, including the presence of IPCs, were analysed for their prognostic significance.

Results:

Thirty‐three patients (14·6 per cent) were positive for IPCs. Univariable analysis indicated that the presence of IPCs was a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage III colorectal cancer; the 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 14 per cent in IPC‐positive patients versus 79 per cent in those without IPCs (P < 0·001). Multivariable analysis showed that IPC positivity was the most robust prognostic factor in stage III disease (hazard ratio 2·2; P = 0·003), whereas nodal category (N1 or N2) showed no significant association with prognosis. In addition, IPCs were associated with haematogenous recurrence (P = 0·004) rather than peritoneal or local recurrence (P = 0·077) in patients with stage III disease.

Conclusion:

The presence of IPCs is a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The significance of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer: A review

Haematogenous spread of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is the principle mechanism for development of metastases. Research into the enumeration and characterisation of CTCs, particularly in the last decade, has allowed the introduction of semi-automated CTC assessment in the clinical setting. In breast cancer, CTC enumeration is being used as a prognostic biomarker, a predictive biomarker of treatment response and is being assessed to guide treatment in both the early and metastatic setting. CTC characterisation has the potential to direct targeted therapies, such as HER2 therapies in HER2 negative primary breast tumour patients. However, CTC assessment has considerable challenges. Capture and identification of these very rare cells is currently largely dependent on a presumed homogeneity of phenotype. In addition, high throughput assays are lacking. The clinical significance of CTCs is incompletely understood. A large proportion of CTC positive patients have no evidence of metastases, raising the issue of either inconsequential tumour dormancy or non-viable CTCs. CTCs may have additional clinical sequelae such as promoting venous thrombosis. However CTCs provide a real-time liquid biopsy of the tumour and represent an exciting, minimally invasive method of assessing disease status and also a novel therapeutic target for malignancy.     

Biology and significance of circulating and disseminated tumour cells in colorectal cancer

Purpose  

More than 130 years ago, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) have been linked to metastasis. Since then, a myriad of studies attempted to characterise and elucidate the clinical impact of CTCs/DTCs, amongst others in colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to a flood of heterogeneous findings regarding CTCs/DTCs in CRC, this review aims to describe the known facts about CTC/DTC biology and clinical impact.     

Intramedullary spread of tumour cells during IM nailing: a histological diagnosis

. Metastatic lesions with some exceptions of long bones with impending or pathological fractures are treated by intramedullary nailing as the standard of care. Spread of tumour emboli into the systemic circulation during such procedures has been well documented in the literature, but to our knowledge there have been no reports documenting intramedullary tumour spread during intramedullary nail insertion. We describe four cases where the reamings collected from a venting hole at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal junction during intramedullary fixation of long bone lesions were sent for histological examinations. All samples were reported as containing large amounts of tumour cells consistent with the primary diagnosis. Resumé. Les lesions métastatiques au niveau des os longs, lorsqu'elles entra?nent des fractures pathologiques, sont habituellement traitées (à part quelques exceptions) par enclouage centro-médullaires. La migration d'embols tumoraux dans le système circulatoire lors de telles procedures a été bien documentée dans la literature, mais à notre connaissance, il n'y a pas eu d'article rapportant lamigration de cellules tumorales lors de l'insertion d'un clou intra-médullaire. Nous décrivons quatre cas où le produit d'alésage a été collecté à partir d'un trou réalisé à la jonction métaphyso-diaphysaire pendant l'intervention chirurgicale au niveau des os longs. Le prélèvement a été envoyé pour examen histologique. Tous les prélèvements sont revenus positifs, contenant des cellules tumorales correspondant au diagnostic primaire.