鼻咽癌中与已知基因同源的差异表达cDNA序列

采用新近发展的ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法筛选鼻咽癌中不表达的或表达降低的ｃＤＮＡ序列。结果显示：有９个与已知基因高度同源的ｃＤＮＡ序列。通过对这些已知基因的结构和功能分析,发现有与细胞骨架成分相关的基因：ａ－ａｃｔｉｎｉｎ,ｅｚｒｉｎ和细胞角蛋白１３;     

利用mRNA差异显示法分离鼻咽癌中的表达差异cDNA片段

为了分离与鼻咽癌癌变有关的抑瘤基因，应用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示法从中国人鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＯＮＥ１及正常表皮细胞Ｒｈｅｋ中分离有表达差异的ｃＤＮＡ片段。对所分离的两个ｃＤＮＡ片段进一步作了Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析，未能获得预期的信号差异。本文就改善实验提出了建议和设想，为进一步分离鼻咽癌中的抑瘤基因提供了经验。     

mRNA差异显示技术在紫杉醇诱导的表达基因克隆中的应用

作者应用ｍＲＮＡ差异显著，ＤＮＡ序列分析和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术，对紫杉醇处理人乳癌细胞诱导的表达基因进行ｃＤＮＡ克隆研究，１２个克隆有明确的ｍＲＮＡ水平表达改变，其中６个ｃＤＮＡ克隆核苷酸序列与已知的ｃＤＮＡ序列有较高的同源性，其余６个尚无同源性基因。克隆重Ｃ３Ｐ３与人腺苷基蛋氨酸合成酶基因序列同源性达９９％，紫杉醇诱导该酶基因转录活动和基因产物活性增高，提示ｍＲＮＡ差异显著技术筛选ｍＲＮＡ水     

利用mRNA差异显示法分离鼻咽癌中的表达差异cDNA片段

为了分离与鼻咽癌癌变有关的抑制基因，应用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示法从中国人鼻咽癌细胞株ＨＯＮＥ１及正常表皮细胞Ｒｈｅｋ中分离有达差异的ｃＤＮＡ片段。对所分离的两个ｃＤＮＡ片段进一步人季Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析，未能获得预期的信号差异。本文就改善实验提出了建议和设想，为进一步分离鼻咽癌中的抑瘤基因提供了经验。     

带信号肽人VEGF165 cDNA克隆

目的：克隆带信号肽人ＶＥＧＦ１６５ ｃＤＮＡ,以便进一步在真核系统表达人ＶＥＧＦ１６５蛋白或基因治疗。方法：设计引物;从人胎脑ｃＤＮＡ文加ＰＣＲ扩增目的基因;ＤＮＡ片段回收与酶切鉴定;与Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８重组;单链序列测定。结果：克隆片段与人ＶＥＧＦ１６５ｃＤＮＡ序列一致。结论：克隆ＤＮＡ片段为带信号肽人ＶＥＧＦ１６５ ｃＤＮＡ。     

鼻咽癌易感/抑瘤基因的功能基因组学研究

鼻咽癌组织在染色体3p,9p,6q,11q,13 q和14q等区域存在较高的等位基因不平衡,表明这些区域存在与鼻咽癌相关的抑瘤基因.采用cDNA代表性差异分析等方法成功获得了候选的鼻咽癌易感/仰瘤基因,并进行了基因功能研究.发现:(1)Cx基因的表达增强是由于肿瘤细胞为突破细胞通讯功能的障碍,试图重建细胞间隙连接的一种表达变异;(2)BRD7基因是一个与细胞周期调控密切相关的核转录调控因子;(3)NAG7基因具有双重生物学功能--在抑制低侵袭能力的HNE1细胞增殖的同时,能够增加HNE1和6-10B细胞的侵袭潜能;(4)NGX6可以与Ezrin发生交互作用,参与鼻咽癌转移;(5)SPLUNC1基因的表达下调是鼻咽癌早期预警的分子诊断标志物.这些易感/抑瘤基因的功能基因组学研究为阐明鼻咽癌的发病机制打下了坚实的理论基础.     

小鼠凋亡相关新基因TFAR19 cDNA的克隆化和序列分析

目的;了解一个细胞凋亡相关新基因ＴＦＡＲ１９在不同种属间的序列同源性。方法;利用表达序列标签小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９ ｃＤＮＡ拼接技术,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,ＤＮＡ序列测定技术及计算机分析技术。结果：首次成功进行了小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９ ｃＤＮＡ编码区的ｃＤＮＡ克隆化和序列分析,发现小鼠和人ＴＦＡＲ１９在核苷酸水平上有８１．４％的同源性,在氨基酸水平上有高达９６％的同源性。功能区分析发现,小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９ ｃＤＮＡ序列     

鼻咽癌相关新基因NPCEDRG真核诱导表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建受Tet系统调控人鼻咽癌相关新抑瘤基因NPCEDRG表达的真核诱导表达载体。方法以pcDNA3．1-NPCEDRG重组质粒为模板，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增NPCEDRG基因编码区，亚克隆到pRevTRE载体，PCR及双酶切鉴定，测序验证。结果以pRevTRE—NPCEDRG重组载体为模板PCR扩增以及双酶切重组载体，分别产生530bp和520bp长度的片断，测序结果证实插入片段方向正确，序列与Genebank已知序列一致，NPCEDRG基因编码区成功插入pRevTRE载体。结论成功构建了受Tet系统调控NPCEDRG基因表达的pRevTRE—NPCEDRG真核诱导表达载体，为深入研究NPCEDRG基因功能和摁示鼻咽癌发病分子机制提供实验手段。     

小鼠凋亡相关新基因TFAR19 cDNA的克隆化和序列分析

目的：了解一个细胞凋亡相关新基因ＴＦＡＲ１９在不同种属间的序列同源性。方法：利用表达序列标签（ｅｘｐｒｅｓｅｄｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｔａｇ,ＥＳＴ）拼接技术、ＲＴＰＣＲ、ＤＮＡ序列测定技术及计算机分析技术。结果：首次成功进行了小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９ｃＤＮＡ编码区的ｃＤＮＡ克隆化和序列分析,发现小鼠和人ＴＦＡＲ１９在核苷酸水平上有８１．４％的同源性,在氨基酸水平上有高达９６％的同源性。功能区分析发现,小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９ｃＤＮＡ序列含编码１２６个氨基酸的开放性读码框架,含１个可能的ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ依赖的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,４个可能的ＰＫＣ磷酸化位点。其Ｃ端的“ＥＤＤＡＤＹ”序列与人ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶Ｉ１４１１４７位残基序列完全相同。结论：小鼠ＴＦＡＲ１９是与人ＴＦＡＲ１９高度同源的新基因,与ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶Ｉ可能有功能相关性。     

肺癌相关基因的表达谱研究

目的：通过研究人肺癌组织和正常组织中差异表达的基因,寻找肺癌相关基因以用于肺癌的诊断和治疗。方法：以包含４０９６个ｃＤＮＡ基因表达谱芯片研究一组肺癌组织样本的基因表达谱。结果：共筛选出差异表达的基因３７０条,包含已知基因１４６条,未知基因２２４条,其中１０７条表达增加,２６３条表达降低。结论：基于ｃＤＮＡ微矩阵技术的肿瘤基因表达谱分析能够高通量筛选与肺癌发生密切相关的基因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.