意外胆囊癌再手术临床病理分析(附15例报告)

目的 探讨意外胆囊癌再手术的治疗效果。方法 对1995年1月至2002年12月期间15例胆囊切除术后发现的意外胆囊癌再手术治疗进行回顾性总结。结果 15例意外胆囊癌(pT211例,pT3 4例)中,12例再次行根治性胆囊床肝楔形切除加淋巴结清扫,再手术时间(17.3±6.2)d;3例行姑息性手术,再手术时间(49±12.5)d。术后发现淋巴结转移2例(pT2 1例,pT3 1例),肝转移2例(pT2 1例,pT3 1例),腹腔种植(pT3)及广泛转移(pT2)各1例。3例行姑息性手术者生存3-5个月,12例根治性术后生存期明显延长(25.75±4.89)个月。结论 胆囊切除术后发现意外胆囊癌(pT2／T3)需及时积极再次剖腹作根治性手术,以改善病人的预后和延长生命。     

中晚期胆囊癌的外科治疗

目的探讨中晚期胆囊癌患者的外科手术治疗及其治疗效果。方法对45例中晚期胆囊癌患者行外科手术治疗回顾性总结和分析。结果总体中位生存时间11个月;扩大根治性切除术23例,姑息性切除术14例,胆道内或外引流术8例,扩大根治性切除术、姑息性切除术和胆道内或外引流术生存期（月）分别为31、7、2．7,扩大根治性切除术5年生存率17．4％、姑息性切除术和胆道内或外引流术最长生存时间11个月;扩大根治性切除术明显优于姑息性切除和胆道内或外引流术（P〈0．01）。结论对中晚期胆囊癌积极行扩大根治术,能改善患者生活质量,延长生存期。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌58例诊治分析

[摘 要] 目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）意外胆囊癌的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性分析2007 年5 月至2017 年5 月武警安徽省总队医院收治的意外胆囊癌患者58 例临床资料。结果 LC术中发现24 例,术后发现34例;TNM分期T1b 12例,T2 34例,T3 6例,T4 6例。24例术中快速冰冻病理检查证实为胆囊癌,其中22例中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术;34例术后病理证实,其中24例行二次开腹手术。非根治组：12例,仅行单纯胆囊切除术,术后1、2、3年累积生存率分别为65.0%、42.5%、18.0%。根治组：46例,行胆囊癌根治术,术后1、2、3年累积生存率分别为82.5%、62.5%、45.7%,两组生存曲线比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 胆囊癌患者预后与手术方式、临床分期密切相关,对存在胆囊癌高危因素的患者,建议尽早行胆囊切除术。意外胆囊癌多为早期胆囊癌,应重视术中检查及病理检查,T1b～T3 期宜行根治手术,晚期患者应根据病情行姑息手术。     

胆囊癌外科治疗回顾性分析（附96例报道）

目的：探讨胆囊癌的外科治疗方法.方法：回顾性分析1999年1月-2008年10月96例原发性胆囊癌患者的手术方式及其疗效.96例患者Nevin分期：Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期17例,Ⅴ期63例.所有患者均行手术治疗,手术方式包括：单纯胆囊切除术（Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者）、根治性胆囊癌切除术（Ⅱ～Ⅴ期患者）、胆囊癌扩大根治术、肝切除术、胰十二指肠切除术、姑息性手术（Ⅳ、Ⅴ期患者）.结果：96例平均住院时间为18.5d,随访时间6个月～6年,Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期7例患者仍健在,Ⅲ期4例生存期超过5年,Ⅳ、Ⅴ期术后平均存活16.4个月.51例姑息性手术患者术后平均存活6.8个月.结论：对于胆囊癌手术方式选择,与胆囊癌的分期分级密切相关,采取积极的治疗措施,如根治性或扩大根治性手术,可望延长患者的生存时间,提高患者生存质量.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌的诊断与治疗:附23例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)意外胆囊癌的诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析1998年1月—2007年1月收治的23例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料。结果:15例术中快速冷冻病理证实为胆囊癌,其中13例中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术;8例术后病理证实,其中7例行二次开腹手术。全组术后5年生存率为78.3%,患者预后与其临床分期密切相关。结论:意外胆囊癌多为早期胆囊癌,高危病例应重视术中快速病理检查及标本检查;T1b-T2期宜扩大根治,晚期患者视情况行根治性手术或姑息治疗。     

30例胆囊癌患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的生存分析

目的：探讨不同病理分期胆囊癌患者经腹腔镜切除胆囊的生存率和生存期以及可行性。方法：对1995年1月～2006年6月经腹腔镜意外发现的胆囊癌30例患者进行TNM分期,其中T1a9例,T1b6例,T2期3例,T3期12例,均接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术后接受定期检查和随访,观察其不同病理分期的生存率和生存期,并进行生存分析。结果：T1a期和T1b期术后的生存率均为100%,生存期分别为（80.56±10.28）个月和（79.67±19.87）个月,无统计学差异。T2期和T3期胆囊癌术后生存率分别为100%和36.36%,生存期分别为（28.00±6.93）个月和（23.80±5.22）个月,显著低于T1a和T1b期。结论：T1a和T1b期胆囊癌患者经腹腔镜切除胆囊是可行的,生存率高、生存期长。对T2和T3期胆囊癌患者必须采用开腹手术。     

45例意外胆囊癌再手术临床病理分析

目的 探讨意外胆囊癌再手术的治疗效果.方法 对2000-2010年45例胆囊切除术后发现的意外胆囊癌再手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性总结.生存分析采Kaplan-Meier法,logrank检验差异显著性,计数资料采用x2检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 45例意外胆囊癌(pT2 33例,pT3 12例)40例再次行根治性胆囊床肝楔形切除加淋巴结清扫,5例行姑息性手术.术后发现淋巴结转移10例(pT24例,pT36例),肝转移3例(pT2 1例,pT32例),同时合并腹腔种植(pT3)及广泛转移(PT2)各1例.5例行姑息性手术者生存时间3～8个月,40例根治性术后生存期明显延长(40.4±2.7)个月.胆囊切除术后4周内进行再手术,术后生存时间[(37.1±2.2)个月]明显长于4周后再手术的患者[(22.4±5.8)个月].结论 胆囊切除术后发现意外胆囊癌(pT2/pT3)需及时剖腹行根治性手术,可改善患者的预后和延长生存时间.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除意外胆囊癌的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术中或术后发现的意外胆囊癌的治疗对策。方法对2438例LC术中或术后发现的6例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组意外胆囊癌发现率为0.24%,其中3例中分化腺癌行同期或二期根治性切除,另3例高分化T1期腺癌未行再次手术;全组均于术后进行了辅助性化疗。术后随访期间6例均健在,5例生存时间均达1年以上,其中2例高分化T1期意外胆囊癌无瘤生存时间达5年以上。结论根据意外胆囊癌不同病理分期选择合理的治疗对策,可明显改善患者生活质量,提高术后生存时间。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中意外胆囊癌的处理(附16例报道)

目的评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌的诊断、处理及预后。方法对我院2000年1月至2010年1月期间5 832例行LC中16例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例意外胆囊癌中7例行LC,9例行开腹胆囊癌根治术。术后病理TNM分期:Ⅰ期10例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期2例。16例患者术后随访6～60个月,平均23.3个月。随访期内死亡15例。9例接受胆囊癌根治手术的患者术后1、3、5年生存分别为8/9、4/9及1/9,而7例仅行LC的患者术后1年生存为4/7,无生存超过2.5年者。结论 LC术中应高度警惕意外胆囊癌的发生,意外胆囊癌多为早期,应及时中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术,仅行单纯的LC治疗效果欠佳。     

胆囊切除术后意外性胆囊癌的治疗

目的探讨胆囊切除术后意外性胆囊癌的二次手术方式以及对预后的影响。方法对我院自1995年1月~2005年1月因诊断为胆囊良性疾病而行胆囊切除,因术后病理证实为胆囊癌而二次行胆囊癌根治术17例患者进行回顾性分析。结果本组17例均因胆囊良性疾病行开放性单纯胆囊切除手术,术后病理证实为胆囊癌,术后病理:胆囊腺癌13例,鳞癌3例,鳞腺癌1例。初次手术Nevin病理分期:Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期3例。二次手术发现淋巴结转移11例,3例有肝转移和远处转移,胆囊床转移2例,胆管转移1例,二次手术Nevin病理分期:Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例,Ⅳ期8例,Ⅴ期3例,术后随访半年到5年,6例死亡,存活11例。结论术中对于胆囊标本的仔细检查可以减少意外性胆囊癌的发生率。二期根治性手术对于部分意外性胆囊癌是有益的。     

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目的　总结原发性胆囊鳞癌、腺鳞癌的诊治经验。方法　回顾性分析了浙江大学医学院附属第二医院 1994～ 2 0 0 3年收治的少见胆囊癌 9例 (鳞癌 1例 ,腺鳞癌 8例 )。结果　行根治性手术 4例 ,姑息性手术 5例。9例中有 8例得到随访 ,均在术后半年内死亡 ,术后中位生存期 5 1d。结论　胆囊鳞癌腺鳞癌恶性程度较高 ,但淋巴结转移相对较晚。对于合适病例应尽可能行根治性胆囊切除 ,必要时行扩大根治性切除 ,术后放疗可能是一个较好的治疗方式。     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus —A case report

We treated a 66-year old woman with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. The histologic features of this tumor seemed to originate from esophageal glands and their ducts. This deduction was based on the subepithelial growth pattern and the presence of in-situ carcinoma showing a glandular or squamous pattern at the location of the esophageal gland duct. Although the biological nature of this tumor was not elucidated, the prognosis is similar to that seen with the ordinary type of esophageal squamous carcinoma.     

The surgical management of synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma and thoracic esophageal carcinoma

A 73-year-old man was hospitalized with pathologically documented hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, and a 5.0-cm tumor located in the left lobe was resected by a left lateral segmentectomy. At the same time, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was identified by frozen section in a perigastric lymph node in the lesser omentum. Intraoperative endoscopy revealed a 1.0-cm erosive lesion in the thoracic esophagus that was subsequently found to be primary squamous cell carcinoma. Seven weeks later, a transthoracic subtotal esophagectomy with substernal, cervical esophagogastrostomy was performed. Twenty-two months after these resections there has been no recurrence of either the hepatocellular or esophageal carcinomas.     

胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌12例临床分析

目的总结原发性胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析了解放军总医院肝胆外科1994—2004年收治的胆囊癌12例（鳞癌4例，腺鳞癌8例），男女各6例。结果行根治性手术9例，姑息性手术3例。12例中有11例得到随访，其中2例在1年后死亡，1例在半年后死亡，其余均在半年内死亡。术后中位生存期108d。结论胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌恶性程度高，但远处转移较少，有利于手术切除。术后放疗有可能是一个有效的方法。     

Molecular Diagnosis in Head and Neck: What a Surgical Pathologist Must Know

Molecular alterations in tumors have become interesting targets both for diagnostic and for therapeutic and prognostic applications in tumor pathology. In the head and neck, there are a variety of different alterations, encompassing all the different types of genetic events associated with carcinogenesis. This paper reviews three different types of tumors that display a spectrum of genetic alterations: the translocation in Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Epstein Barr virus association in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the HRPT2 tumor suppressor gene in parathyroid carcinoma. Basic histology is reviewed and the genetic alterations are discussed, along with a brief discussion of potential diagnostic implications.     

胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌12例临床分析

目的总结原发性胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析了解放军总医院肝胆外科1994-2004年收治的胆囊癌12例(鳞癌4例,腺鳞癌8例),男女各6例。结果行根治性手术9例,姑息性手术3例。12例中有11例得到随访,其中2例在1年后死亡,1例在半年后死亡,其余均在半年内死亡。术后中位生存期108d。结论胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌恶性程度高,但远处转移较少,有利于手术切除。术后放疗有可能是一个有效的方法。     

肝脏黏液表皮样癌1例报告

肝脏黏液表皮样癌(mucoepidermoid carcinoma of liver)是肝脏肿瘤中一种罕见的病理类型,在组织学上被认为是胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)的变体,病理学上与肝内胆管细胞癌相互鉴别。目前,国内外文献报道十余例。皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆外科收治1例肝脏黏液表皮样癌。现报告如下。     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus is a rare carcinoma and there is little agreement about the treatment of this tumor. According to the analysis of previously reported tumors, biologic behavior of the tumor correlated with the spread of the lesion and degree of differentiation. We report a case of this tumor in a 31-year-old man. Resection of the tumor included the left upper lobe of the lung the phrenic nerve, pericardium and disseminations in the pleura. The clinicopathological feature of this case was high-stage disease and low-grade histology. Postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed, and the patient is alive without recurrence 14 months after surgery.     

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast —A case report

A case of apocrine carcinoma of the breast is reported herein. Apocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor characteristically composed of large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. This case involves a 34-year old woman who underwent a modified radical mastectomy and is now doing well with no evidence of recurrence, 10 months after her surgery.     

Flowcharts for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas

No strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma have been clearly described. We developed flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma on the basis of the best clinical evidence. Risk factors for bile duct carcinoma are a dilated type of pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A nondilated type of PBM is a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Symptoms that may indicate biliary tract carcinoma are jaundice and pain in the upper right area of the abdomen. The first step of diagnosis is to carry out blood biochemistry tests and ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen. The second step of diagnosis is to find the local extension of the carcinoma by means of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Because resection is the only way to completely cure biliary tract carcinoma, the indications for resection are determined first. In patients with resectable disease, the indications for biliary drainage or portal vein embolization (PVE) are checked. In those with nonresectable disease, biliary stenting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or best supportive care is selected.