年轻乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的预后分析

目的 分析年轻乳腺癌患者行保乳手术治疗的临床特点及预后因素.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年7月接受保乳手术的605例患者的临床资料,根据年龄将其分为年轻组(年龄≤35岁,n=110例)和中老年组(年龄＞35岁,n=495例).COX比例风险模型进行多因素分析,确定影响预后的独立因素.结果 中位随访61个月,年轻组和老年组的5年无局部复发生存率分别为92.6％和96.8％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.074);5年无远处转移生存率和总生存率分别为89.7％、95.2％(P=0.001)和96.4％、98.9％ (P =0.046),年轻组预后较老年组差,差异有统计学意义.多因素分析显示淋巴结转移和辅助放疗是影响保乳手术局部复发的独立危险因素,而年龄、淋巴结转移和辅助放疗是影响远处转移和总生存的独立危险因素.结论 年龄并非是影响保乳术后局部复发的独立危险因素,放疗可以降低局部复发风险,亦能减少远处转移,提高总生存率.     

Luminal亚型浸润性乳腺癌

目的 研究Luminal亚型浸润性乳腺癌的临床特点和生存状况.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2002年1月1日至9月30日收治的162例接受手术治疗、资料完整的浸润性Luminal亚型乳腺癌的临床资料,对其临床特征、复发及生存情况进行分析.结果 162例患者随访4 ～98个月,中位随访时间92个月,41例患者(25.3％,41/162)出现局部复发或远处转移,包括远处转移32例(19.8％,32/162),局部复发2例(1.2％,2/162)及局部复发合并远处转移7例(4.3％,7/162).总的无病生存率为73.1％,5年无病生存率为79.6％;27例死亡(16.7％,27/162),总生存率为82.5％,5年生存率为85.3％.Kaplen-Meier单因素生存分析显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结状况、临床分期影响患者的总生存时间(P＜0.05);肿瘤大小、淋巴结状况、肿瘤分级、临床分期、PR影响患者无病生存时间(P＜0.05).多因素分析显示,TNM分期、PR和PCNA是影响总生存时间的独立影响因素(OR =0.633,95％ CI:0.411～0.976,P ＜0.05; OR =0.823,95％ CI:1.012～ 3.283,P＜0.05);TNM分期和PR是影响无病生存时间的独立影响因素(OR =3.273,95％CI:1.719 ～6.232,P＜0.01; OR=0.599,95％CI:0.423 ～0.850,P＜0.01).结论 在浸润性Luminal亚型乳腺癌中,PR、PCNA状况均能明显影响患者预后.     

腋窝淋巴结状态对乳腺癌保乳手术后复发病人的预后影响

目的探究腋窝淋巴结状态对乳腺癌保乳手术后复发病人的预后影响。方法选取2012年4月～2015年5月南京市妇幼保健院收治的476例行乳腺癌保乳手术后复发的乳腺癌病人作为研究对象。根据做乳腺癌保乳手术时腋窝淋巴结的状态分为腋窝淋巴结阳性组152例和腋窝淋巴结阴性组324例。观察并比较两组病人临床病理表现、生存情况,并分析复发后预后影响因素。结果两组病人的局部与区域复发情况差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组病人的年龄、复发部位、雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)状态、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)状态、无病间期、局部治疗和全身治疗差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组病人无远处转移生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而阳性组患总生存率明显低于阴性组(P0.05)。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析显示,复发部位是乳腺癌保乳手术局部区域复发后无远处转移生存的独立影响因素(OR=2.052,P=0.003),腋窝淋巴结状态和复发部位是乳腺癌保乳手术局部区域复发后总生存的独立影响因素(OR=3.468,P=0.003;OR=677,P0.001)。结论腋窝淋巴结状态是乳腺癌保乳手术后复发病人总生存的独立影响因素,但对病人的无远处转移生存影响较小。     

年轻乳腺癌患者保乳手术后的局部复发及总体预后情况分析

目的:研究年轻乳腺癌患者行保乳手术后的局部复发和总体预后情况。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法对2000年3月—2013年10月接受保乳手术的500例乳腺癌患者临床资料进行分析,按照年龄把乳腺癌患者分为年轻组(35岁)85例,中老年组(≥35岁)415例。统计保乳手术后5年无局部复发生存率,5年无远处转移生存率以及总体生存率,对年轻乳腺癌患者保乳手术后的局部复发及总体预后情况分析,确定影响预后的因素。结果:在随访过程中,两组乳腺癌患者局部复发22例,远处转移27例,死亡10例,年轻患者和中老年患者的无局部复发生存率、无远处转移生存率以及总体生存率为96.5%、90.2%、91.4%和96.7%、95.7%、96.8%,其中两组乳腺癌患者无局部复发生存率差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),年轻组无远处转移生存率以及总体生存率均低于中老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析发现影响乳腺癌患者局部复发的因素为淋巴结转移情况、手术后放疗,影响乳腺癌患者无远处转移生存率和总体生存率为年龄、淋巴结转移情况、手术后的放疗。结论:年龄不是影响乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发的独立影响因素,保乳手术配合放射治疗能提高年轻患者的预后。     

贲门癌淋巴结外软组织转移的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨贲门癌淋巴结外软组织转移(EM)与各种临床病理特征的相关性及其对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年1月行根治性手术切除并经病理诊断明确的323例贲门癌患者的临床病理资料.其中男性272例,女性51例;年龄22～85岁,中位年龄63岁,分析EM阳性与患者临床病理因素的相关性及其对患者术后复发和生存的影响.结果 323例患者中有67例(20.7％)术后检出EM阳性,EM阳性与肿瘤Lauren分型、分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关(x2 =4.647 ～27.216,P ＜0.05).EM阳性与阴性患者的5年生存率和中位生存时间分别为12.3％、34.1％和20、39个月,5年生存率差异有统计学意义(x2=23.936,P=0.000).多因素分析表明,肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和EM是贲门癌患者预后的独立危险因素.至随访截止,EM阳性患者的累积复发率高于EM阴性患者(59.7％比35.9％,x2=12.409,P=0.000).分层分析显示,有淋巴结转移患者中,EM阳性患者累积复发率高于EM阴性患者(60.9％比40.0％,x2=8.410,P=0.004),EM阳性患者5年生存率低于EM阴性患者(12.9％比30.1％,x2=12.939及P=0.000).结论 EM是贲门癌患者独立预后因素.EM阳性患者术后复发风险高,生存时间短.     

阴茎鳞状细胞癌淋巴结清扫术后复发类型及预后因素分析

目的 评估阴茎癌原发灶切除术及标准淋巴结清扫术后复发类型和影响预后的可能因素. 方法 回顾性分析1990 -2005年73例阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者资料.阴茎部分切除62例,阴茎全切11例.73例均接受区域淋巴结清扫.随访时间16 ～183个月,平均32个月.免疫组化法检测肿瘤细胞p53和Ki-67的表达水平.统计学分析患者复发类型、病理特征及预后. 结果 患者术后肿瘤复发20例(27.4％),复发时间为术后6 ～ 17个月,平均11个月,其中3例在末次随访时仍存活.复发患者的肿瘤特异性生存时间为16 ～83个月,平均26个月.远处及多处复发为高级别肿瘤的常见复发类型(P =0.017).单因素分析显示肿瘤分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移、淋巴结外累及和p53蛋白表达水平与3年无病生存率降低密切相关.多因素分析显示只有病理分级(P =0.025)和淋巴结状态(P =0.024)是无病生存率的独立预后因素. 结论 病理分级和淋巴结状态是阴茎癌无病生存率的独立预后因素,高级别肿瘤易发生远处及多处复发.     

腋窝淋巴结转移对乳腺癌初次保乳手术患者预后的影响

探讨乳腺癌初次保乳手术时腋窝淋巴结转移对局部区域复发患者预后的影响。2011年1月至2014年12月,保乳手术的乳腺癌患者76例,根据是否存在腋窝淋巴结转移分为阳性组(32例)和阴性组(44例)。比较两组患者局部复发率和远期生存率。结果显示,76例中,局部复发18例,区域复发33例,局部+区域复发25例。阳性组远处转移25例(78.1%,25/32),阴性组远处转移24例(54.6%,24/44),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乳腺癌复发3年后,阳性组生存24例,占75.0%(24/32);阴性组生存38例,占86.4%(38/44),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);乳腺癌复发5年后,阳性组生存17例,占53.1%(17/32),阴性组生存30例,占68.2%(30/44),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果表明,初次保乳手术治疗时腋窝淋巴结转移对局部区域复发患者远处转移率和长期生存率存在一定影响。     

进展期食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响进展期食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年1月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院行根治性切除术的385例食管胃结合部腺癌患者的临床资料.其中228例患者术后无复发转移(无复发转移组),157例患者出现复发转移(复发转移组).通过门诊或电话方式进行随访,了解患者生存情况,随访时间截至2012年9月.单因素及多因素分析探讨可能影响患者术后发生复发转移的危险因素.术后复发转移的单因素分析采用x2检验,再将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存分析采用Log-rank检验.结果 术后随访时间为3～ 108个月,中位随访时间为36个月.全组患者术后157例发生肿瘤复发转移,肿瘤平均复发时间为根治性切除术后17.9个月.单因素分析结果显示:大体分型、分化类型、浸润深度、阳性淋巴结数目、阴性淋巴结数目及TNM分期有统计学意义(x2=5.248,13.493,12.319,18.315,9.704,10.281,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示:分化类型、浸润深度、阳性淋巴结数目及阴性淋巴结数目是食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的独立危险因素(OR=1.805,1.809,1.520,0.763,P＜0.05).无复发转移组和复发转移组患者的阳性淋巴结数目分别为(3.86±0.28)枚和(6.89±0.58)枚,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.118,P＜0.05);无复发转移组和复发转移组患者的阴性淋巴结数目分别为(14.04±0.54)枚和(10.53±0.56)枚,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.386,P＜0.05).阳性淋巴结数目为0、1～2、3～6、≥7枚的患者5年生存率分别为46.4％、43.8％、27.1％、7.2％,中位生存时间分别为53、47、35、26个月,不同阳性淋巴结数目患者5年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=54.783,P＜0.05);阴性淋巴结数目为＜9、10 ～15、≥16枚的患者5年生存率分别为22.1％、21.5％、45.5％,中位生存时间分别为28、34、47个月,不同阴性淋巴结数目患者5年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=22.814,P＜0.05).结论 肿瘤的分化类型、浸润深度、阳性和阴性淋巴结数目是食管胃结合部腺癌根治性切除术后复发转移的独立危险因素,其中阳性和阴性淋巴结数目对患者预后的影响具有重要意义.     

软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的治疗策略和预后分析

目的 分析软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的治疗策略及预后相关因素.方法 回顾性分析1999年12月至2010年10月收治的78例软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤患者的临床资料,并对性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小等9项可能影响预后的因素进行统计学分析.结果 60例患者获得随访,随访时间6～131个月,平均35.5个月.l、3、5年总体生存率分别为84.9％、72.9％和56.9％.术后局部复发20例(33.3％),中位局部复发时间为11.5个月(1～72个月).术后转移9例(15.0％),中位转移时间为7个月(1～26个月).单因素分析表明,就诊情况(初治组或复发治疗组)、肿瘤大小和外科边界与生存率有相关性(均P ＜0.05),外科边界、放疗与局部复发有相关性(P =0.000、0.039),外科边界与远处转移有相关性;多因素分析显示,外科边界是影响生存率(P =0.002,OR=5.753,95％CI1.904～17.386)和局部复发(P=0.000,RR =0.044,95％CI0.010 ～0.188)的独立危险因素.结论 外科边界是影响生存率和局部复发的独立危险因素.采取以手术为主联合放疗的综合治疗,方能减少复发、提高生存率.     

甲状腺髓样癌患者术后生存及预后因素分析

目的:探讨影响甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)患者的术后生存情况与预后的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析中国医科大学附属盛京医院2001年1月—2017年12月收治的78例MTC患者资料,根据随访结果计算患者的术后生存率,采用单因素及多因素回归分析确定预后的影响因素。结果:78例患者中,74例患者获得随访3～189个月,10例死于疾病,其余患者均存活,其1、3、5、10、15年生存率分别为98.6%、93.5%、88.4%、73.2%、73.2%;单因素分析显示性别(χ~2=6.873,P=0.009)、颈部淋巴结转移(χ~2=4.047,P=0.048)、远处转移(χ~2=23.530,P0.001)、肿瘤临床分期(cTNM分期)(χ~2=16.067,P0.001)影响患者预后;而多因素分析表明仅远处转移(HR=54.956,95%CI=6.341～476.257,P0.001)及肿瘤cTNM分期(HR=2.214,95%CI=1.061～4.619,P=0.034)是影响MTC患者生存的独立影响因素。结论:远处转移与高cTNM分期是MTC不良预后的重要因素,早期诊断及治疗有助于患者长期生存。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.