介入治疗在大咯血中的应用

目的评价支气管动脉栓塞术在大咯血治疗中的作用。方法35例大咯血患者,24h咯血量为300mL～1500mL,急诊行病灶供血支气管动脉栓塞术,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒或聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒。结果35例患者支气管动脉栓塞术均成功,即刻止血26例(74.3%),出血明显减少9例(25.7%),总有效率100%,无特殊并发症发生。结论支气管动脉栓塞术是一种安全有效的大咯血治疗方法,可以作为临床上保守治疗无效后的首选治疗方法。     

支气管动脉造影栓塞治疗老年大咯血的临床分析(附50例报告)

目的:探讨支气管动脉造影栓塞治疗老年大血的临床疗效。方法:对50例老年大咯血患者采用选择性支气管动脉造影栓塞进行治疗。采用Seldinger法经皮动脉插管,作选择性支气管动脉造影,证实出血动脉后,用明胶海绵行支气管动脉栓塞。结果:45例即时止血,5例在15h内出血停止。42例在拴塞后35天又出现小量的咯血,4例在6个月后反复咯血,4例在1年后又出现痰血或间歇性痰中带血丝。结论:选择性支气管动脉造影栓塞术为治疗老年大咯血有效、安全的微创手术。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的：研究支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的临床疗效。方法：对29例大咯血患者行选择性支气管动脉造影后,对病变动脉用消毒明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞止血。结果：29例患者均一次栓塞成功,大多数患者能及时止血,个别患者3～5 d内咯血渐止。结论：支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血,损伤小,止血效果显著,是一种安全,有效的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗支气管扩张大咯血的技术探讨

目的:探讨支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗支气管扩张大咯血的疗效。方法:31例支气管扩张大咯血患者,选择性支气管动脉造影明确咯血病灶后,对靶血管用明胶海绵颗粒及小条进行栓塞治疗,其中11例同时加用弹簧钢圈行多重栓塞治疗。所有病例门诊随访。结果:31例患者BAE术后30例咯血完全停止,即时止血率96.77%(30/31)。3例在栓塞术后1周内复发大咯血,1例再次行BAE治疗后咯血停止,2例改行手术治疗,近期复发率9.68%(3/31)。中、远期复发少量咯血2例,复发率为6.45%(2/31),总有效率93.55%(29/31)。结论:支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管扩张大咯血是一种安全、高效、简便、损伤小的治疗方法,采用多重栓塞可有效降低复发率。     

急性大咯血的介入治疗

目的探讨介入治疗大咯血的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析27例咯血保守治疗无效行介入治疗患者的资料。包括支气管扩张（5例）、肺癌（10例）和肺结核（12例）。采用明胶海绵和聚乙烯醇颗粒进行支气管动脉栓塞治疗。 结果治疗后27例患者出血明显减少;2例患者1周后又出现大咯血,治疗失败。治疗有效率92.59%(25/27)。 结论支气管动脉栓塞术是急性大咯血安全、方便、有效的治疗方法。     

Embosphere微球动脉内栓塞治疗大咯血临床效果研究

目的评价Embosphere微球动脉内栓塞治疗大咯血的临床效果。方法收集2009年6月至2012年6月38例急性大咯血患者(其中支气管扩张27例,肺结核6例,肺癌3例,不明原因支气管病变2例),行Embosphere微球动脉内栓塞治疗,后用明胶海绵或微弹簧圈栓塞病变动脉近端,观察治疗有效率及并发症情况。结果 38例患者均1次栓塞成功,经栓塞后即刻出血停止30例(79%),咯血量明显减少,经1～3 d内科保守治疗咯血停止8例(21%),有效率为100%。无严重并发症发生。随访3～40个月,3例复发少量咯血。结论 Embosphere微球动脉内栓塞治疗大咯血安全、有效。     

肋间支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的疗效分析

目的 探讨明胶海绵(GS)颗粒和聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒用于肋间支气管动脉内栓塞治疗急性大咯血的临床疗效.方法 52例急性大咯血患者,先行选择性支气管动脉造影, 利用同轴导管技术,用3F SP微导管超选择插管至出血支气管动脉分支,A组(24例)用GS颗粒栓塞;B组(28例) 用PVA颗粒栓塞.结果 A组24例患者,栓塞后即刻止血16例(66.67%),72 h内完全停止咯血7例(29.17%),栓塞止血有效率为95.83%;B组28例患者栓塞后即刻止血24例(85.71%),72 h内完全停止咯血1例(14.29%),栓塞止血有效率为100%.A、B 2组有效率无显著性差异(P﹥0.05).随访1年,A组复发6例(25%),B组复发1例(3.57%),复发率有显著性差异(P﹤0.05).结论 肋间支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血有效方法,应用PVA颗粒为栓塞剂,安全有效,不易复发,临床疗效显著.     

支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中临床应用分析

目的探讨大咯血介入栓塞治疗时应用支气管动脉CT血管造影(CTA)的方法与效果。方法对大咯血的84例患者行介入栓塞治疗,且于治疗前行支气管动脉CTA检查,治疗时再次明确患者的出血动脉,并均行介入栓塞治疗。治疗1周后再行支气管动脉CTA复查。回顾性分析支气管动脉CTA在该疾病患者治疗中的应用价值。结果所有大咯血患者治疗前进行支气管动脉CTA检查,共发现出血的病变血管112支,介入栓塞治疗时共发现出血的病变血管共123支,支气管动脉CTA检查的诊断符合率为91.06%。患者支气管动脉CTA检查后均行介入栓塞治疗且治疗均成功,介入栓塞治疗后共有76例患者回院进行支气管动脉CTA检查,检查结果表明患者病变血管栓塞治疗后均获良好栓塞效果。结论术前支气管动脉CTA检查能够为大咯血患者的介入栓塞治疗提供有效的诊断依据,术后再行该检查则可有效评估患者的疗效。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的疗效分析

目的 评价支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的临床疗效.方法 对45例咯血患者用明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球栓塞剂行支气管动脉栓塞术.结果 45例患者均成功行支气管动脉栓塞术,41例咯血完全控制,4例复发,复发率8.9%,5例患者术后出现胸痛和低热不适,无需特别处理,可自行缓解,未出现穿刺部位血肿和截瘫等并发症.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗咯血的一种快速、安全、有效的方法.     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗非肿瘤性大咯血

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞术对非肿瘤性大咯血的治疗效果。方法46例患者术前均经影像检查明确诊断,术中先行胸主动脉造影,再选择支气管动脉或肋间动脉造影确认出血动脉,经导管送入真丝线段及明胶海绵(GS)栓塞。结果45例支气管动脉栓塞成功,1例栓塞失败。术中肺咯血即刻停止39例,6例肺咯血量明显减少,有5例术后复发。即刻止血率84.8%,有效率97.8%,复发率10.9%。结论支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗非肿瘤性大咯血的有效手段。     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞术控制匿源性咯血

目的分析匿源性咯血患者支气管动脉造影的影像学表现,评估选择性支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗匿源性咯血的临床价值。方法 2004年6月至2011年3月对11例内科保守治疗无效的匿源性咯血患者行选择性BAE。术中行系统的主动脉造影及锁骨下动脉造影,观察责任血管的影像学表现及来源,并对双侧支气管动脉(BA)及非支气管性体动脉(NBSA)责任血管行选择性栓塞术。术后随访6个月～5年。结果 11例患者中10例为吸烟者(或有吸烟史)。所有患者术前CT增强检查及纤维支气管镜检查均未发现肺实质内与咯血有关的实质性病变。11例患者中,10例术中动脉造影存在血管异常表现,总共24支责任血管,其中右侧支气管动脉11支、左侧支气管动脉8支、胸廓内动脉2支、肋间动脉3支。术后8例咯血立即停止,2例仍有少量咯血经保守治疗后好转,1例术后仍有咯血,行肺叶切除术后好转。术后2例出现不同程度胸痛,1例出现发热,1例出现轻度肾功能不全,均经处理后缓解,所有患者均未出现其他严重的栓塞后并发症。所有患者术后1个月内无再次咯血,1例术后5个月咯血复发,经保守治疗后好转。结论吸烟是匿源性咯血的一大危险因素,BA是匿源性大咯血的主要责任血管;选择性BAE治疗匿源性大咯血安全、有效,是首选的一线治疗手段,     

支气管动脉造影导管在咯血治疗中的应用

目的 探讨分析支气管动脉造影导管在支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗咯血中的应用.方法 收集2013年1月至2016年5月接受BAE术治疗的97例咯血患者临床资料.根据影像所示开口及走行方向将责任动脉分为开口向上、开口水平走行向上、开口水平走行向下、开口向下等4种类型,选择合适的造影导管(MIK导管、胃左动脉导管、Cobra导管、Simmon-1导管、Simmon-2导管)超选至责任动脉作造影,分析导管选用对所有患者的治疗效果.结果 97例患者中责任血管180支,开口向上42支、开口水平走行向上54支、开口水平走行向下46支、开口向下38支.MIK导管、胃左动脉导管、Cobra导管、Simmon导管超选成功率分别为83.3％(35/42支)、92.6％(50/54支)、87.0％ (40/46支)、89.5％(34/38支,Simmon-1导管30支,Simmon-2导管4支).BAE术后所有患者责任血管闭塞,停止咯血,术后6个月复发率为7.2％(7/97).结论 BAE术治疗咯血安全有效,关键是根据责任动脉开口及走行方向正确选择造影导管.     

不同栓塞剂治疗大咯血的对比研究

目的:观察不同栓塞剂对复发率的影响,探讨并比较不同栓塞剂在支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血中的疗效.方法:129例经选择性或超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗的大咯血患者,单纯明胶海绵栓塞63例,PVA颗粒联合明胶海绵栓塞组37例,KMG微球联合明胶海绵栓塞组38例.随访16个月,复发病例经再次栓塞.结果:即刻止血率99.2%,复发31例.GS组复发21例,含PvA组复发3例,含KMG组复发5例;1年中总复发率为24.0%;3组复发率差异有显著性意义.结论:合理的选用栓塞物质可有效的降低咯血患者的复发率,PVA颗粒及KMG微球在支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血中安全、高效,能有效的减免复发率,值得临床推荐.     

介入治疗大咯血的临床应用

目的　研究介入治疗大咯血的临床价值。方法　 2 0例经内科治疗无效的反复咯血患者 ,咯血史 3个月～ 12年不等 ,发病时咯血量 30 0～ 80 0ml 2 4h ,其中肺结核 8例 ,支气管扩张 6例 ,肺血管畸形 1例 ,肺癌伴咯血 5例。采用Seldinger技术 ,行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞材料先用 1mm×1mm× 1mm的明胶海绵颗粒 ,待血流缓慢或停止后 ,用血管栓塞胶 (D TH)以栓塞供血主干。常规行患侧锁骨下动脉、肋间动脉及对侧支气管动脉造影。以了解有无多支供血 ,发现供血血管则尽量行超选择插管栓塞治疗。结果　 2 0例患者均 1次栓塞成功 ,即刻止血 18例 ,咯血明显减少 2例 ,有效率 10 0 %。无严重并发症发生。结论　介入治疗对内科治疗无效的咯血患者是一种有效、安全的治疗方法     

Bronchial artery embolization in adults with cystic fibrosis: impact on the clinical course and survival

PURPOSE: Although bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is effective in the acute control of recurrent or major hemoptysis in adults with cystic fibrosis, outcomes after embolization are not well known. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate respiratory function, survival, and hemoptysis-free survival in adult patients with cystic fibrosis treated for hemoptysis with BAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 297 patients with cystic fibrosis hospitalized from 1990 to 2004, 30 patients (mean age, 26.7+/-9.2 years) presented with major or persistent hemoptysis that required 42 BAE sessions. These patients were compared with a control group of 27 patients without hemoptysis requiring embolization who were matched for age, sex, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). RESULTS: Hemoptysis stopped within 24 hours after BAE in 96.6% of patients (n=29), and there were no major complications. The change in the slope of FEV1 after the BAE or matching date was significantly worse in the embolization group (P=.0007). At last follow-up, nine and one patients, respectively, had undergone lung transplantation in the BAE and control groups (P=.002). The 5-year survival rates without lung transplantation were 31% and 84%, respectively, in the BAE and control groups (hazard ratio, 5.95; P=.002). Sixty-two percent of patients were free of hemoptysis 5 years after BAE. The number of collateral arteries was the only factor associated with the risk of death or recurrent hemoptysis (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the effectiveness of embolization in controlling recurrent or major hemoptysis, adults with cystic fibrosis who have undergone BAE for hemoptysis are at much higher risk of respiratory function aggravation, death, and the need for lung transplantation than those who have not undergone BAE for hemoptysis. They are more likely to die or to undergo lung transplantation than to present with recurrent major hemoptysis.     

咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞治疗后复发原因分析

目的:探讨咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)术后咯血复发的原因及预防措施.方法:632例咯血患者接受支气管动脉栓塞术,进行分阶段疗效追踪,全部病例随访12～14个月,复发病例通过再次手术,确定咯血的复发原因.结果:632例中有114例咯血复发,复发的原因主要有病变血管漏栓(3例)、肺循环供血(2例)、病变血管再通(32例)、侧支循环形成(55例)和原发病进展(54例).采用合理的栓塞技术和栓塞物质组合联合栓塞,寻找所有可能对病变区域供血的血管(支气管动脉、肋间动脉、胸廓内动脉、食管固有动脉、膈动脉等)并予以栓塞,并积极的治疗原发病是预防咯血复发的主要措施.结论:充分认识患者支气管动脉栓塞术后咯血原因对降低复发率有重要的意义.     

Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis: technical aspects and long-term results

Seventy-five patients with hemoptysis were treated with bronchial artery embolization (BAE). The procedure was performed with Hexabrix (sodium methylglucamine ioxaglate), Mikaelson catheters, and Gelfoam particles. Angiographic evaluation of the bronchial artery anatomy revealed ten different configurations, which are described. The embolization attempt failed in three cases (4%); eight additional patients (10.7%) were excluded from the series because of inadequate data. In the remaining 64 patients, 41 underwent BAE alone and 23 underwent either chemotherapy or surgery in addition to embolization. Immediate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 49 of 64 patients (76.6%). Long-term control of hemoptysis was achieved in 46 of the 56 patients included in the long-term follow-up (82.1%). Eight of the 64 patients were lost to follow-up, which ranged from one to 47 months (mean 24.8 months). Hemoptysis recurred in 12 of 56 patients (severe in 10, mild in 2) (21.4%). Twelve patients died (21.4%), five of them due to hemoptysis (8.9%). None of the patients who died of hemoptysis had responded to initial BAE. It is concluded that BAE is an effective treatment for immediate control of life-threatening hemoptysis, allowing long-term control of bleeding in the majority of patients.     

高流量对比剂注射速率下CTA对支气管动脉源性咯血栓塞治疗的价值

目的评价高流量对比剂注射流速下320排CT血管成像(CTA)对支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗咯血的术前指导价值。方法纳入95例咯血患者,通过分析支气管动脉开口位置和起源,以及血管形态学等特征来评估行栓塞治疗的可行性,并根据CTA提供的相关血管解剖路径图,行选择性血管造影,一旦证实为异常即行栓塞治疗,评估BAE术后临床成功率及技术成功率。结果在95例咯血患者中,320排CTA检测到297根支气管动脉,其中右侧155根,左侧142根,根据CTA提供的支气管动脉解剖学信息,228根支气管动脉成功进行了选择性支气管动脉造影,支气管动脉CTA与数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现为高度一致性,其中90例患者中的132根支气管动脉经DSA证实为责任血管,5例患者中因5根异常的支气管动脉未能成功插管,故未进行BAE,其余异常血管均成功栓塞。4例患者BAE术后仍有少量咯血。临床成功率为95.6%(86/90),技术成功率为96.2%(127/132)。结论高流量对比剂注射速率下,320排CTA可以清晰的显示咯血的支气管动脉的解剖学信息,可为介入治疗提供重要的参考信息,从而获得较高的成功率。     

Treatment of Acute Hemoptysis by Bronchial Artery Embolization with the Liquid Embolic Agent Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer

PurposeTo determine the technical and clinical success of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with the liquid embolic agent ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer in patients with acute hemoptysis.Materials and MethodsThirty-four patients (25 male; mean age, 58 y; range, 13–78 y) who underwent BAE with EVOH were retrospectively reviewed. Reasons for acute hemoptysis included lung cancer (44%), pulmonary metastases (12%), bronchiectasis (21%), arteriovenous malformation (5%), tuberculosis (6%), aspergilloma (3%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3%), anticoagulant overdose (3%), and scar tissue (3%). Technical and clinical success of BAE were retrospectively assessed.ResultsEmbolization was technically successful in 94% of patients. Additional embolization material was needed in 4 patients (12%). The immediate clinical success rate was 94% (32 of 34); in 2 patients (6%), hemoptysis recurred immediately after the intervention or could not be stopped. Periinterventional minor complications included headache (n = 1), fever (n = 1), and acute renal failure (n = 1). During follow-up (mean, 8.8 mo), 5 patients had a recurrence of hemoptysis (15%).ConclusionsThe use of EVOH copolymer for BAE in patients with acute hemoptysis is technically successful and safe and has a good clinical outcome with a low number of recurrences.