上颌前牙单牙不翻瓣即刻种植修复的临床研究

目的：旨在探讨上颌美学区域单牙不翻瓣即刻种植修复的技术特点及临床效果。材料与方法：16例上颌前牙单牙进行不翻瓣即刻种植修复。纳入条件：唇侧骨板完整,唇侧牙槽嵴骨面距龈缘3mm左右。微创拔牙,偏腭侧植入种植体,同时种植体植入深度为龈缘下3mm左右。种植体与唇侧骨板之间间隙至少2mm,间隙内植入BioOss颗粒。薄龈生物型、术前龈缘高度偏根方的患者,进行结缔组织移植。术后4-6周采用种植体支持过渡义齿修复,进行牙龈诱导塑形。采用Jemt牙间乳头的分类标准测量种植修复后牙间乳头的高度。采用PES（pinkestheticscore）评分系统评价软组织整体美学效果。PES涉及种植体周围软组织美学的多个因素,包括种植体两侧龈乳头高度、边缘龈水平、软组织轮廓、牙槽突度、软组织质地、软组织颜色7组评分指数,每组由低到高有0、1、2三个记分值,总分最低为0,最高为14。采用CBCT评估唇侧骨板厚度。结果：16位患者16颗种植体平均追踪时间21.8月（12-34月）,至最后一次复查种植体无脱落。根据Jemt牙间乳头评估标准：0度0牙位,Ⅰ度0牙位,Ⅱ度2牙位,Ⅲ度14牙位,Ⅳ度0牙位。PES评分：12分2牙位,13分8牙位,14分6牙位。CBCT显示唇侧骨板厚度得到维持。结论：不翻瓣即刻种植技术可以获得可靠的美学效果,前提是需严格适应证选择,评估局部位点软硬组织解剖条件,采用微创拔牙技术,保证种植体三维方向的准确性,尤其是种植体在唇舌向的位置与轴向,以及种植体植入的深度。并根据位点牙龈情况进行相应的软组织处理,合理选择过渡义齿的方式和戴用时机进行牙龈诱导,并注意修整修复体的唇侧穿龈轮廓为凹形设计,勿使其膨大。     

Ankylos种植系统前牙美学区即刻修复临时冠制作新方法及疗效评估

目的:介绍一种适用于Ankylos种植系统即刻修复临时冠制作的新方法,并评估其疗效。方法:选择22例单颗上前牙进行即刻种植或者常规种植Ankylos种植体共22枚,采用改良的临时冠制作新方法,均于1小时内完成即刻临时修复。3-6个月后评估临时修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性和患者主观满意度,1年后评估种植体的存留率。结果:在观察期内,22枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,无松动,未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;18枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与邻牙协调无差异,4枚轻度差异;19枚种植修复体与邻牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,3枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS平均值为88。结论:采用本方法制作即刻修复临时冠,能够获得理想的美学效果和成功率。     

改良式引导骨再生术+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中的应用评价

目的评估一种改良式引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中的应用效果,特别是美学效果,并探讨其临床技巧及美学影响因素。方法选择15例单颗上前牙进行即刻种植,微创拔牙后即刻植入Replace、Straumann或Ankylos种植体共15枚,采用改良式GBR+即刻修复,均于2 h内完成临时修复。4⁶个月后完成最终修复。种植修复完成后随访66个月后完成最终修复。种植修复完成后随访6²4个月,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况,统计种植义齿存留率、种植修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性和患者主观满意度。结果在观察期内,15枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,无松动,未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;12枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与邻牙协调无差异,3枚轻度差异;14枚种植修复体与邻牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,1枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS平均值为92。结论改良式GBR+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中,有助于获得理想的前牙美学效果,缩短治疗周期。     

上颌前牙即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用研究

目的:评估上颌前牙区即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用效果,特别是美学效果,并探讨其临床应用技巧及美学影响因素。方法:选择16例共18颗无法保存的上前牙,微创拔除后即刻植入Xi ve或Repl ace种植体共18枚,均于48小时内完成临时固定修复,4～6个月后完成最终修复。种植永久修复后追踪观察12～36个月,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况,统计种植义齿存留率、牙龈乳头充盈指数以及修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性、患者主观满意度。结果:在观察期内18枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植体无松动,种植体周围未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;18枚种植修复体周围共34个牙龈乳头充盈指数均为2到3度,其中24个(70.6%)为3度;15枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与相邻天然牙协调无差异,3枚轻度差异;16枚种植修复体与相邻天然牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,2枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS值平均达91.5。结论:在严格掌握适应证的前提下,应用正确的手术技巧对无法保存的上前牙进行微创拔除后即刻种植即刻修复能获得理想的临床效果,特别是美学效果。     

微创拔牙即刻种植的牙龈美学效果观察

目的探讨微创拔牙即刻种植技术的临床特点及修复后的牙龈美学效果。方法21例上前牙单个缺失病例，行不翻瓣微创拔牙同期23颗种植体即刻植入，并且同期安装愈合基台直接暴露于口腔，即非埋入式种植术式，种植体愈合6个月后进行永久修复。种植永久修复后观察时间平均27．6个月（13～51个月）。根据Jemt牙龈乳头指数（papilla index score，PIS）观察种植体永久修复12个月后的近远中牙龈乳头状况，根据Flirhauser的改良红色美学指数观察种植体永久修复1年后与相邻天然牙唇侧龈缘位置的协调性；唇侧软组织与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈色泽协调性。结果23颗种植体均获得良好的骨结合；种植修复体近远中PIS均为Ⅱ级以上。种植修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈缘水平位置协调性一致的15颗，8颗不协调；唇侧软组织色泽与相邻天然牙协调一致的18个牙位，5个牙位有轻度差异。结论微创拔牙即刻种植术是一项要求较高的技术，多因素影响软组织美学效果，严格掌控适应证，才能获得理想修复效果。     

Straumann种植体在上颌前牙区即刻种植修复中的应用

目的 评估Straumann种植体即刻种植修复上颌前牙区的近期临床效果。方法 临床选择28例上前牙残根患者,在拔牙后即刻植入Straumann种植体40枚。其中11例15个牙位行不翻瓣种植,17例25个牙位采取翻瓣GBR技术即刻种植。3～9个月后行永久性修复。随访3～36月,临床观察种植体、基台和牙冠的稳固性,牙龈组织、龈乳头情况及牙冠美观状况。结果 所有种植体均发生骨结合,无松动现象,未见种植体周围炎表现,即刻种植存活率为100%。不翻瓣种植病例的唇侧龈缘无明显退缩,牙龈乳头无明显丧失;翻瓣植骨的病例唇侧牙龈缘少许退缩,牙龈乳头轻度丧失。修复体外形美观,周围牙龈形态正常,功能良好,患者满意。结论 在严格掌握适应证和注意术中术后各种细节的情况下,应用Straumann种植体即刻种植修复上颌前牙区可获得理想的美学修复效果。     

翻瓣GBR在薄骨壁表型上颌单颗前牙即刻种植即刻修复中的临床效果

目的 探讨唇侧骨壁较薄（<1 mm）的上颌单颗前牙行即刻种植即刻修复时,同期翻瓣行引导骨再生术（guided bone regeneration, GBR）对术后软硬组织变化情况及美学效果的影响。方法 纳入34例唇侧骨壁较薄（<1 mm）的上颌单颗前牙患者,根据即刻种植即刻修复时是否同期行翻瓣GBR分为两组,统计比较两组病例的种植体存留率、种植体唇侧骨厚度及变化量、种植体唇侧软组织高度变化量、红色美学评分（pink esthetic score, PES）以及患者满意度评分。结果 术后12月时两组患者的种植体存留率均为100%,随访期间均未发生种植并发症。术后12月时,翻瓣GBR组唇侧骨壁平均厚度超过2 mm,唇侧骨嵴的平均高度为1.39 mm,而不翻瓣组唇侧骨壁平均厚度不足2 mm,唇侧骨嵴的平均高度为1.03 mm,二者的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。但翻瓣GBR组唇侧骨吸收量在各测量位点均较不翻瓣组更大（P<0.05）。两组间唇侧龈缘位置最高点以及近远中龈乳头高度变化量在术后6月及12月差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。翻瓣GBR组与不翻瓣组...     

下颌前牙区数字化即刻修复的临床研究

目的:探讨并评估下颌前牙区数字化即刻修复的方法及临床疗效。方法:选择17例下颌2～4颗切牙无法保留的患者为研究对象,种植术前进行系统牙周序列治疗,拍摄锥体束CT (cone-bean CT,CBCT),应用coDiagnostiX软件设计拟植入的种植体三维位置,术前数字化打印手术导板同时预成临时修复体,在导板引导下种植手术,共植入34颗种植体,术中种植体初期稳定性均达到35 N·cm,且ISQ值>65,将预成的临时修复体口内直接法PICK-UP,共完成61颗即刻修复,戴入当日根尖片确认基台完全就位,愈合期内完成定期复查及口腔卫生指导,术后6个月行永久修复,术后12个月评价种植体及修复体存留率、修复体与邻牙牙龈协调性、种植体唇侧骨壁变化及患者美学满意度。结果:观察期12个月内,种植体及修复体存留率为100%,34颗种植体均获得良好的骨结合,种植体唇侧骨壁厚度未见显著变化,55颗修复体唇侧龈缘位置与相邻天然牙协调性良好,6颗修复体轻度差异。56颗修复体与相邻天然牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,5颗轻度差异,患者美学视学模拟评分(visual analog scale, VAS)满意度评分平...     

美学区薄龈表型即刻种植即刻修复3年随访一例

为探讨美学区牙根折断且薄龈表型的单颗牙微创拔牙骨增量后,同期即刻种植即刻修复的临床效果,对1例美学区薄龈表型患者术前以修复为导向设计种植方案,微创拔牙后,植入骨水平种植体,骨增量后临时修复体即刻修复,11个月后完成最终永久修复.随访36个月后,发现种植体周形成良好骨结合,负荷后种植体边缘骨稳定,龈缘高度与对侧同名牙协调...     

根盾技术和不翻瓣即刻种植在不同牙龈生物型的种植美学比较

目的 评估不翻瓣即刻种植(immediate implant placement, IIP)和采用根盾技术(socket-shield technique, SST)即刻种植术在不同牙龈生物型上颌前牙区单牙种植的美学和临床效果。方法 研究共纳入30例需要进行上颌前牙单牙即刻种植和即刻修复并符合适应证的成年患者，随机分为试验组SST(n=15)和对照组IIP(n=15)组。并根据插入牙龈沟内的牙周探针的可见性，将患者分为薄龈生物型和厚龈生物型。术后即刻修复，4个月后完成最终修复，于12个月后复诊并进行临床检测。通过石膏模型数据分析种植位点唇侧轮廓突度、唇侧龈缘位置变化并采用粉色美学评分(PES)评估美学效果。临床检查包括改良龈沟出血指数(mSBI)、统计并发症及患者对治疗过程的满意度。结果 12个月后复查，种植体存留率100%。唇侧轮廓突度变化IIP组(-0.49±0.18)mm, SST组(-0.21±0.18)mm(P<0.05),其中薄龈生物型中IIP组(-0.58±0.17)mm, SST组(-0.20±0.19)mm(P<0.05)。唇侧龈缘位置变化IIP组(-0....     

上颌单颗前牙不翻瓣即刻种植修复的临床效果观察

目的 评价即刻种植即刻修复联合不翻瓣技术在上颌单颗前牙位点的临床应用效果,并探讨其技术要点.方法 选择上颌单颗中切牙无法保留的患者17例,采用不翻瓣技术,拔除患牙后即刻植入种植体,并即刻行种植体支持临时冠修复,术后2个月复诊调整临时冠外形,术后3个月行最终修复.最终修复后1、3、6、12、24个月复诊.最终修复即刻、1...     

后牙即刻种植的临床观察

目的 :评价后牙即刻种植的方法、效果以及临床意义。方法 :对能满足即刻种植的20颗后牙经微创拔牙后,翻瓣或不翻瓣植入种植体,种植体周围植入骨粉,翻瓣者则覆盖生物膜。种植体植入3~6个月后常规取模,完成上部修复结构。种植体完成修复后随访6~34个月。结果:所有种植牙随访期间内正常行使功能,美学效果令人满意。CT示颊侧骨板骨吸收为(-0.65 mm±1.29 mm);近远中骨吸收为(1.23 mm±0.23 mm)。统计显示:即刻种植术前与术后龈乳头指数及种植体近远中骨吸收无明显差异,即刻种植后种植体颊向骨板吸收及种植体稳定系数与拔牙后牙槽嵴吸收有差异。结论:后牙即刻种植能有效维持种植体周围软硬组织的高度和宽度,对有即刻种植适应证的患者,可减少手术次数,缩短治疗时间,临床效果可靠。     

上颌中切牙种植修复结合软硬组织增量后的临床和影像学效果初步分析

目的    应用种植同期结合引导性骨再生（guided bone regeneration,GBR）技术及不同软组织处理方式修复缺失的单颗上颌中切牙,评价其软硬组织的增量效果。方法    纳入于2013—2014年就诊于北京大学口腔医院牙周科因单颗上颌中切牙缺失而接受种植治疗的患者6例。所有患者在种植同期行GBR,并接受不同软组织处理方式。最终修复7 ~ 24个月后,记录患者上颌前牙区牙周状况,通过影像学检查定量测量种植体唇侧骨高度及骨壁厚度,利用标准化临床照片,定量测量种植体与对照牙牙龈顶点的位置关系,以及种植体近远中龈乳头高度和充满程度,并应用粉色美学评分（pink esthetic score,PES）评价美学效果。结果    所有种植体在复查时均处于健康稳定的牙周状态。5颗种植体在复查时可观察到垂直向及水平向骨增量,种植体唇侧中央肩台根方2、4、6 mm处平均骨壁厚度分别为（1.7 ± 1.1）mm、（2.3 ± 1.1）mm、（2.2 ± 1.3）mm。种植体牙龈顶点相比对照牙（同颌对侧中切牙）平均更偏向远中（1.0 ± 0.6）mm,偏向根方（0.4 ± 0.8）mm;远中龈乳头平均高度（2.8 ± 0.5）mm和充满程度（76.9 ± 19.2）%低于近中龈乳头［（4.2 ± 0.7）mm,（89.8 ± 11.1）%］,平均PES为（11.5 ± 1.4）分。结论    对于缺牙区存在软硬组织缺损的患者,上颌中切牙种植同期结合GBR及不同软组织处理方式,可获得较为充足的骨增量效果及与对照牙相对协调的软组织形态,一定程度上改善美学效果。     

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??Objective    Implant therapy combined with simultaneous guided bone regeneration??GBR??and different soft tissue management was applied to patients to repair their missing maxillary center incisors. This article aims to analyze the effects of hard and soft tissue augmentation quantitatively. Methods    Six patients who accepted implant therapy in combination with simultaneous GBR and different soft tissue management for their single missing maxillary central incisor were screened. They were called for a review visit at 7 to 24 months after final restoration. The clinical periodontal status of the maxillary anterior teeth was examined??and the bone height and thickness at middle labial aspect of implants were measured by CBCT quantitatively. The relationship of gingival zenith position between implants and the control teeth??as well as the papilla height and filling degree of implants were measured quantitatively on the standardized photographs. Pink esthetic score??PES??was applied to evaluate the esthetic effect. Results    All the implants were in stable and healthy periodontal status at the review visit. Vertical and horizontal bone augmentation could be observed on 5 implants. The mean facial bone thickness at 2??4??and 6 mm apical to implant shoulder was??1.7 ± 1.1??mm????2.3 ± 1.1??mm??and??2.2 ± 1.3??mm??respectively. The mean position of gingival zenith of implants was??1.0 ± 0.6??mm more distally??and??0.4 ± 0.8??mm more apically??compared to the control teeth. The mean height??2.8 ± 0.5??mm and filling ??76.9 ± 19.2??% of distal papilla of implants were less than those of mesial papilla??4.2 ± 0.7??mm??and ??89.8 ± 11.1??%. Mean PES was 11.5 ± 1.4. Conclusion    For the patients with bone and soft tissue defect at edentulous areas??implant therapy combined with GBR and different soft tissue management for the missing maxillary center incisors can obtain adequate bone augmentation and harmonious soft tissue profile to the control teeth??and consequently improve esthetic outcomes in a certain degree.     

Esthetic buccal flap for correction of buccal fenestration defects during flapless immediate implant surgery

BACKGROUND: Clinically, it is a tremendous challenge to create natural gingival esthetics after immediate or delayed implant placement. Hence, flapless immediate implant surgery has been proposed to overcome the shortfalls of these techniques. Nonetheless, one of the major limitations for this technique is its inability to correct localized horizontal/vertical deficiency, dehiscence, or fenestration without jeopardizing esthetic outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present a new flap design, the esthetic buccal flap (EBF), aimed at overcoming this potential problem while maintaining the optimal esthetic appearance. METHODS: Five consecutively EBF-treated patients with simultaneous implant placement were included in this pilot case study. Clinical measurements were taken at the time of prosthesis insertion and 6 and 12 months after surgery. These included soft tissue height, papillae appearance, scar appearance, and mid-buccal probing depth. RESULTS: Data obtained from this pilot case study showed that soft tissue height was preserved, and papillae appearance remained the same as at presurgery. No scar tissue was reported in any cases. Mid-buccal probing depths remained consistent throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that EBF, together with simultaneously guided bone augmentation, allows clinicians to correct apical buccal fenestration defects while maintaining the supraosseous soft tissue during flapless immediate implant surgery.     

Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements

BACKGROUND: Single-rooted teeth deemed not restorable via conventional means may be candidates for implant placement at the time of tooth extraction. Immediate implant placements are believed to preserve soft and hard tissue form and contours, reduce the need for augmentation procedures, minimize surgical exposure of the patient, reduce treatment time and improve esthetic outcomes. METHOD: This retrospective review analyzed the esthetic outcomes of 42 non-adjacent single-unit implant restorations completed using an immediate implant surgical placement protocol. RESULTS: The mean time in function was 18.9 months (range 6-50 months) and the majority of implants placed had a restorative platform diameter of 4.1 and 4.8 mm. A highly significant change in crown height due to marginal tissue recession of 0.9 +/- 0.78 mm (P=0.000) was recorded for all sites, with no difference seen between implant systems (P=0.837). Thin tissue biotype showed slightly greater recession than thick tissue biotype (1 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.57 mm, respectively); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.187). Implants with a buccal shoulder position showed three times more recession than implants with a lingual shoulder position (1.8 +/- 0.83 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.55 mm, respectively) with the difference being highly statistically significant (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implant placement requires very careful case selection and high surgical skill levels if esthetic outcomes are to be achieved. Long-term prospective studies on tissue stability and esthetic outcomes are needed.     

骨水平Xive种植体系统用于前牙美学修复的临床研究

目的:美学效果是种植修复追求的目标之一,相比功能方面的修复成功而言,实现美学方面的修复成功要更为困难,通常需要较为复杂的手术处理。本研究采用一种微创手术模式和简化的修复治疗程序,在前牙区植入骨水平种植体,评价其美学效果。方法:16例前牙缺失患者纳入本研究。所有患者经过全面检查,并做美学风险评估。采用不翻瓣加骨膨胀手术方法植入Xi ve骨水平种植体,术后连接基台,制作树脂牙冠即刻完成临时修复。四个月后更换为烤瓷牙冠完成恒久修复。观察种植体周硬软组织的变化,并对最终美学修复效果做临床评价。结果:16例患者所植入的22枚种植体在平均观察期8.3个月(5-24个月)无松动脱落。所有患者对修复结果都高度满意。种植修复的白色美学效果,受制于技工制作水平显得不太理想,而粉红色美学效果与患者组织条件有关,但与术前比较,种植体区硬软组织均有明显改善。结论:种植即刻暂时修复体,既可以满足患者美观需要,又对软组织实施了诱导成形。不翻瓣加骨膨胀手术方法,有利于增加种植体区硬软组织量,减少骨吸收,避免牙龈退缩,并避免牙龈组织的瘢痕形成,有利于获得较好的健康的软组织美学,其远期效果还有待继续观察。     

Immediate implant placement and provisionalization after long-axis root fracture and complete loss of the facial bony lamella

The aim of this research was to explore the performance of a flapless surgical approach for immediate implant placement, simultaneous alveolar ridge augmentation, and immediate provisionalization in patients with complete loss of the facial bony lamella resulting from long-axis root fracture. Eighteen NobelPerfect implants were placed in 16 patients (follow-up, 13 to 36 months) who had sustained complete loss of the facial bony lamellae. Implants were inserted simultaneous to subperiostal bone augmentation with autogenous bone chips and underwent immediate provisionalization. Outcome variables included implant success, marginal bone levels, and pink esthetic score (PES). All implants achieved excellent primary stability. There were no implant losses. On average, interproximal marginal bone levels stabilized at 1.0 to 1.3 mm above the first thread. Postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans were available for 16 implant sites and confirmed restoration of the facial lamella in the vast majority of patients. Marginal esthetics, as assessed by the PES, was by and large preserved (mean postoperative PES, 12.5). Oral hygiene was highly predictive for the esthetic result. Survival rates, marginal bone levels, and esthetic results suggest a proof-of-principle for the new flapless immediate implant placement technique in patients with complete loss of the facial bony lamella. Oral hygiene status may be considered as a negative prognostic factor for the esthetic outcome.     

Distraction osteogenesis: a treatment tool to improve baseline conditions for esthetic restorations on immediately placed dental implants--a case report

Replacement of two adjacent teeth in an anterior maxilla with deficient hard and soft tissues appears to be the utmost challenge in implant dentistry in the esthetic zone. In this case report, baseline conditions for implant placement were improved by alveolar distraction to enhance hard and soft tissues around the maxillary central incisors. Three months after the active phase of distraction, the roots of the central incisors were extracted and two screw-type dental implants were immediately placed into the extraction sockets. For immediate provisionalization, acrylic resin crowns were fabricated on UCLA abutments, providing the ideal emergence profile to support the periimplant soft tissue. Six months after implant placement, the prosthetic restoration of the case was finished with ceramic crowns cemented to individually fabricated zirconium oxide abutments. The described treatment strategy appears to have a great potential to restore natural esthetics in cases with major tissue deficiencies in the esthetic zone.