甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因在硬膜外术后镇痛的比较

目的比较下腹部手术后甲磺酸罗哌卡因、盐酸罗哌卡因复合芬太尼应用于硬膜外术后自控镇痛（PCEA）的临床有效性和安全性。方法60例下腹部手术患者随机分为两组（n=30）：对照组术后应用0．15％盐酸罗哌卡因复合芬太尼（2μg／m1）作PCEA；试验组应用0．179％甲磺酸罗哌卡因复合芬太尼（2μg／m1）作PCEA。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价患者疼痛程度，采用改良的Bromage分级法评估下肢运动阻滞程度，记录镇痛质量、PCEA情况和不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者术后VAS评分、镇痛质量、运动阻滞程度及不良反应的发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论0．179％甲磺酸罗哌卡因加芬太尼2μg／ml，可用于术后PCEA，其镇痛效果和安全性与0．15％盐酸罗哌卡因加芬太尼2μg／ml相似。     

不同浓度的罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的比较0．1％及0．15％、0．2％罗哌卡因在病人PCEA分娩镇痛中应用的临床效果。方法选择要求无痛分娩的无禁忌证的足月初产妇（ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级）60例进行PCEA分娩镇痛，随机分为三组：A组20例，采用0．1％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼2ug／mL；B组20例，采用0．15％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼2ug／mL；C组20例，0．2％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼2ug／mL。在第一产程活跃期行硬膜外穿刺，以不同浓度罗哌卡因实施PCEA，监测并记录各组产妇的BP、HR、RR及SpO2，并按照（VAS）评定产妇的疼痛强度，按照Bromage法评定产妇的下肢的运动神经阻滞情况。结果C组产程时间较A、B组稍有增长，剖宫产及器械助产率无增加。VAS评分A组显著高于B、C两组，但B、C间无显著性差异。运动阻滞情况Bromage评分，C组Bromage评分显著高于A、B组，A、B两组间无显著性差异。结论罗哌卡因是一种纯左旋体新型长效酰胺类局麻药，与布比卡因比较，对心脏及中枢神经系统毒性小、安全、作用时间长，低浓度时产生明显感觉和运动阻滞分离，0．15％罗哌卡因与2ug／mL芬太尼合用，在PCEA分娩镇痛中。对分娩的影响更小．效果更好．利用镇痛泵施行PCEA是沂年来行分蝓镇痛的常用方法．     

罗哌卡因复合芬太尼及氟哌利多术后硬膜外镇痛的临床研究

目的：比较不同浓度罗哌卡因在术后硬膜镇痛（PCEA）的临床效果。方法：术后病人90例，随机分为三组：A组0．25％罗哌卡因（n=30)；B组0．15％罗哌卡因（n=30)；C组0．075％罗哌卡因（n=30），三组均加入芬太尼和氟哌利多。首剂负荷量8ml，采用镇痛泵持续量2ml/h，单次按压量每次0.5ml，锁定时间15min。结果：A、B两组间VAS疼痛评分无显著差异（P＞0．05），有较好的镇痛效果。两组病人恶区，呕吐、皮肤瘙痒，呼吸抑制发生率无显著差异（P＞0．05）。B组尿潴留发生率明显低于A组（P＜0．05）。C组镇痛效果不满意，结论：0．15％罗哌卡因复合芬太尼，氟哌利多在PCEA术后镇痛是安全有效的。     

芬太尼配伍小剂量吗啡用于硬膜外术后镇痛效果的观察

目的探讨芬太尼配伍小剂量吗啡用于成人硬膜外术后镇痛的效果。方法将33例择期手术患者随机分3组，组Ⅰ：o．125％盐酸罗哌卡因＋0．004％芬太尼。组Ⅱ：0.125％盐酸罗哌卡因＋0．006％芬太尼。组Ⅲ：0．125％盐酸罗哌卡因＋0．004％芬太尼＋0．03％吗啡。术后定时进行镇痛、镇静评分及不良反应的观察。结果镇痛评分组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ明显低于组Ⅰ（P〈0．05），镇静评分组Ⅰ明显低于组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ，不良反应率组Ⅰ、组Ⅲ明显低于组Ⅱ（P〈0．05）。结论芬太尼配伍小剂量吗啡用于成人硬膜外术后镇痛能取得较满意的效果。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛

目的观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于上腹部手术后硬膜外病人白控镇痛（PCEA）的效应。方法选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在硬膜外复合全麻下行上腹部手术病人，随机均分为S、F两组。术后采用硬膜外镇痛模式为负荷量（5mL）＋持续剂量（2mL／h）＋PCA剂量（0．5mL），锁定时间15min。S组镇痛药为0．25％罗哌卡因＋舒芬太尼（0．5μg／mL）；F组镇痛药为0．25％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼（5μg／mL）。观察并记录术后3、6、12、24h视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分和BCS舒适评分及恶心、呕吐、眩晕等不良反应发生情况。结果两组各相同时段VAS／BCS评分基本相似（P〉0．05）。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异，两组病人生命体征稳定。结论舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因PCEA用于上腹部手术后安全有效。     

罗哌卡因与芬太尼不同配伍用于术后镇痛的临床研究

目的 通过观察罗哌卡因与芬太尼的不同配伍术后镇痛的效果及副作用，寻找比较理想的镇痛方式。方法 160例在硬膜外麻醉下的手术病人，随机分为4组：I组：用0．25％罗哌卡因，Ⅱ组：用0．2e％罗哌卡因 1μg/mL芬太尼，Ⅲ组：用0．15％罗哌卡因 2μg/mL尼，IV组：用吗啡4mg 生理盐水至200mL术后镇痛。均采用美国迈捷(microject)光达公司电子镇痛泵，观察术后24h各组病人的镇痛效果，尿潴留及其它副作用。结果 1．VAS评分Ⅲ组最高；2．尿潴留发生率IV组最高；3．其它副作用IV组明显高于其它组。结论 0．20％罗哌卡因 1μg/mL芬太尼配伍用于术后镇痛最理想。     

罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼应用于下肢手术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的探讨罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼应用于下肢手术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的镇痛效果及安全性。方法将86例下肢手术患者随机分为观察组与对照组各43例,术后行PCEA,观察组应用0．5I,zg／mL舒芬太尼＋O．125％罗哌卡因;对照组应用5Ixg／mL芬太尼＋0．125％罗哌卡因。结果观察组不同时间点的VAS评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但对照组的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组术后2h、12h的VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组均无明显不良反应。结论罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼应用于下肢手术后PCEA镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率低。     

地塞米松和/或芬太尼对肌间沟臂丛阻滞效果的影响比较

目的观察地塞米松和／或芬太尼对肌间沟臂丛阻滞麻醉和术后镇痛效果的影响。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级行前臂手术病人100例。随机分为4组，Ⅰ组：1％利多卡因＋0．3％罗哌卡因；Ⅱ组：地塞米松250μg／mL＋1％＊1多卡因＋0．3％罗哌卡因；Ⅲ组：芬太尼2μg／mL＋1％利多卡因＋0．3％罗哌卡因；Ⅳ组：地塞米松250μg／mL＋芬太尼2μg／mL＋1％＋1多卡因＋0．3％罗哌卡因。各组用生理盐水稀释至25mL。观察各组麻醉起效时间、麻醉效果、术后24h镇痛效果及不良反应，记录麻醉期间MAP、HR及SpO2的变化。结果Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组的麻醉效果和术后镇痛效果明显好于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05），尤以Ⅳ组为甚（P〈0．01），Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组相比无明显差别（P〉0．05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与麻醉前相比，MAP在麻醉后10min显著升高（P〈0．01），而HR则在麻醉后5min显著增快（P〈0．01）。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组在麻醉前后MAP、HR无显著性变化（P〉0．05），四组的SpO2在麻醉前后无显著性变化（P〉0．05）。结论地塞米松和芬太尼合用于臂丛阻滞对呼吸循环影响小，明显改善麻醉效果，延长术后镇痛时间。减轻不良反应。     

开胸术后两种不同镇痛方法的效果比较

目的比较病人开胸手术后应用罗哌卡因，芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）与芬太尼静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的临床效果。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，择期开胸手术的病人，随机分为两组，每组30例，PCEA级选用0．15％罗哌卡因加0．0002％芬太尼硬膜外镇痛，PCIA组选用0．001％芬太尼加0．005％氟哌利多静脉镇痛，观察镇痛效果，镇静程度、舒适评分、不良反应，监测RR、SPO2、MAP、HR。结果两组病人视觉模拟评分（VAS）均较低，PCIA组高于PCEA组，但无明显差异（P〉0．05），PCIA组Ramsay法（RSS）镇静评分显著高于PCEA组（P〈0．05），布氏评分法（DCS）舒适评分显著低于PCEA组（P〈0．05）。恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙瘁等的发生率显著高于PCEA组（P〈0．05），两组病人对术后镇痛总体满意度评估优秀者PCEA组明显多于PCIA组（P〈0．05）。结论对于开胸手术的病人硬膜外罗哌卡因与静脉芬太尼自控镇痛均安全可行，镇痛效果满意，综合总体镇痛质量，PCEA组优于PCIA组，但PCEA镇痛需加强硬膜外导管的管理。     

妇科术后用罗哌卡因与布比卡因镇痛效果比较

目的：评价罗哌因和布比卡因复合芬太尼用于妇科病人术后镇痛的效果。方法：选择择期行妇科手术病人60例，随机分为2组，每组30例。术后对其行硬膜外镇痛。A组（罗哌卡因组）：0．2％罗哌卡因90mL（浓度为0．18％）＋芬太尼0.4mg＋氟哌利多5mg;B组（布比卡因组）：0．75％布比卡因24mL(浓度为0．18％）＋芬太尼0.4mg＋氟派利多5mg，用生理盐水稀释至100mL。两组推注速度均为24mL/h，自控硬膜外镇前技术（PCEA）锁定时间为1mL/15min。分别观察两组术后镇痛效果，下肢运动阻滞情况，首次肛门排气时间及并发症发生情况。结果：两组患者镇痛效果无差异。A组患者下肢运动阻滞明显轻于B组（P＜0．01）。结论：罗哌卡因比布比卡因更适合用于做妇科手术后病人自控镇痛的局部麻醉药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.