关节镜下同种异体B-PT-B用于膝关节前交叉韧带重建术的近期疗效观察

目的观察关节镜下同种异体骨—髌腱—骨（B-PT-B）重建膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效及安全性。方法对68例膝关节ACL断裂患者行关节镜下同种异体B-PT-B重建术,记录术后一般情况、膝关节功能Ly-sholm评分、并发症发生情况及骨隧道扩大程度等。结果 68例均获8~12个月随访,术后均无明显并发症发生,膝关节功能Lysholm评分显著高于术前（P〈0.01）、膝关节活动度均达正常范围,均无疼痛肿胀、行走腿无力等症状,6个月时胫骨骨隧道大小、形态基本稳定。结论同种异体B-PT-B用于ACL重建术具有较好的临床效果,且术后并发症发生率低。     

自体骨—髌腱—骨前交叉韧带重建术后胫骨隧道的变化

目的观察电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术(CT)测量下自体骨—髌腱—骨(BPTB)前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后胫骨隧道直径的变化。方法对52例(52膝)ACL损伤患者行自体BPTB ACL重建术。分别于术后1、10周、12个月用64层螺旋CT对患膝进行扫描,同时进行三维重建。测量胫骨骨隧道关节面下方1 cm、隧道外口上方1 cm及隧道中点的直径,计算骨隧道扩大百分比。结果 52例患者术后1周胫骨隧道扩大11.18%±3.39%,术后10周胫骨隧道扩大25.98%±4.36%,术后12个月为26.24%±4.44%。术后1、10周胫骨隧道扩大百分比相比,P<0.05,术后10周、12个月相比,P>0.05。结论 BPTB ACL重建术后胫骨隧道发生扩大,明显扩大发生在术后10周内,术后10周～12个月骨隧道直径比较稳定。     

关节镜下同种异体跟腱移植重建膝后交叉韧带9例报告

2004年1月～2006年3月，我们采用同种异体跟腱于关节镜下重建后交叉韧带（PCL）9例，效果满意，现报告如下。     

关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌肌腱双束重建膝前交叉韧带

在关节镜下应用半腱肌股薄肌肌腱双束重建膝前交叉韧带（ACL）11例，术前及术后12个月用Lysholm评分标准评定膝关节功能。结果11例患者术前平均评分58分（47-65分），术后12个月为88分（69—94分），总优良率90．9％。认为关节镜下应用半腱肌股薄肌肌腱双束重建ACL可有效改善膝关节稳定性。     

自体骨联合同种异体骨骨移植的研究进展

目前骨移植是治疗各种原因导致的骨质缺损的重要手段,如何加速骨质愈合及减少并发症将是其临床应用急需解决的重要课题。该文对自体骨移植、异体骨的研究进展以及联合骨移植的实验研究和临床应用研究进展进行综述,阐述了联合骨移植的优点及可行性。     

关节镜下自体胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带患者的术后护理

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构,易在运动中损伤。关节镜下ACL重建是一种有效的治疗方法。2006年2月-2008年6月,我院在关节镜下用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL共26例,取得了良好效果。现将患者的术后护理方法介绍如下。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带患者的术后护理

膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构,易在运动中损伤。关节镜下ACL重建是一种有效的治疗方法。2006年2月-2008年6月,我院在关节镜下用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL共26例,取得了良好效果。现将患者的术后护理方法介绍如下。     

同种异体、自体骨联合移植治疗四肢良性骨肿瘤手术后骨缺损

68例四肢良性骨肿瘤患者,均行手术切除。术中将病灶彻底刮除,根据病损情况选择大段同种异体骨或骨颗粒联合自体骨紧密填塞骨缺损空腔;术后固定关节6周。68例术后随访1～8a,平均3a6个月。4例发生轻度病理性骨折;6例术后切口渗液较多,1个月后停止渗出,切口愈合;其余病例切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有病例均未见病变复发,所有骨移植体X线片显示理想的再生形态。同种异体、自体骨联合移植用于四肢良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的治疗效果良好。     

关节镜下半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建膝关节前交叉韧带(附24例报告)

24例膝关节前交叉韧带 (ACL)患者在关节镜下行半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建术。术后平均随访 12个月。按照 L ysholm膝关节功能评分 :术前 (5 2 .4± 15 .9)分 ,术后 6、12、2 4个月的评分分别为 (85 .0±12 .2 )分、(89.3± 11.7)分、(90 .8± 10 .5 )分 ,与术前比较均有明显统计学差异 (P<0 .0 1)。认为关节镜下半腱肌加股薄肌肌腱自体移植重建 ACL 具有生物力学性质好、取材处并发症少、手术创伤小、固定方法可靠、临床效果优良等特点 ,值得临床推荐使用     

关节镜下Hamstring腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带(附62例报告)

对62例前交叉韧带断裂患者,在关节镜下利用Hamstring腱进行交叉韧带重建。结果所有患者Lysholm评分平均提高38．3分,膝关节稳定性良好。术后仅2例前抽屉试验弱阳性,1例Lachman试验阳性,术后膝关节活动度正常或接近正常。术后1a所有患者均能恢复向前变速跑步能力而无跛行。认为关节镜下Hamstring腱和界面钉重建前交叉韧带创伤小、并发症少,可有效恢复患者膝关节功能。     

骨隧道定位在关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术中的应用

目的观察骨隧道定位用于关节镜下前交叉韧带（ACL）重建术中的效果。方法选择ACL损伤患者52例,以自体4股等长半腱肌腱作为替代移植物,选择右膝11点、左膝1点为股骨隧道定位点,髁间窝顶线后侧4-5 mm为胫骨隧道定位点,于关节镜下行ACL重建。术前、术后行前抽屉试验和Lachman试验检查膝关节稳定性,采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分表评价膝关节功能。结果随访6个月-4 a,平均1.8 a。52例患者术前前抽屉试验和Lachman试验均为阳性;术后阳性者3例,可疑阳性者8例,余均为阴性。术后8~12周膝关节屈伸功能恢复正常;Lysholm评分明显高于术前,P〈0.05。未出现撞击综合征及其他并发症。结论精确的骨隧道定位是关节镜下重建膝关节ACL的关键。     

Biomimetic tissue-engineered anterior cruciate ligament replacement

There are >200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures each year in the United States, and, due to the poor healing properties of the ACL, surgical reconstruction with autograft or allograft tissue is the current treatment of these injuries. To regenerate the ACL, the ideal matrix should be biodegradable, porous, and exhibit sufficient mechanical strength to allow formation of neoligament tissue. Researchers have developed ACL scaffolds with collagen fibers, silk, biodegradable polymers, and composites with limited success. Our group has developed a biomimetic ligament replacement by using 3D braiding technology. In this preliminary in vivo rabbit model study for ACL reconstruction, the histological and mechanical evaluation demonstrated excellent healing and regeneration with our cell-seeded, tissue-engineered ligament replacement.     

The Chinese knotting technique assist anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for aggressive rehabilitation

Aggressive rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may result in better clinical outcomes and fewer complications such as knee stiffness and weakness. We explored the effect of the Chinese knotting technique (CKT) for aggressive rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.Ninety-one anatomical ACL reconstruction cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were operated by the same senior physician and his team. According to the reconstruction with or without CKT, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Both groups received aggressive rehabilitation.The follow-up time of 91 patients was more than 2 years. In total, 43 out of the 91 patients were in the CKT group, and 48 were in the routine group. The knee joint kinematics recorded by Opti_Knee revealed no significant difference among the CKT group, the routine group, and healthy adults at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation, respectively. The internal and external rotation angle and the anteroposterior displacement at 3 and 6 months after the operation in the CKT group were smaller than in the routine group and were similar to that of the healthy adults. There was no significant difference in flexion and extension angle, varus or valgus angle, proximal–distal displacement, or the internal or external displacement between the 2 groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in 6 degrees of freedom of the knee between the 2 groups at 12 and 24 months after the operation, respectively, which was similar to healthy adults. Compared to the routine group, the International Knee Documentation Committee scores were significantly higher in the CKT group at the 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, but no difference was observed at 24 months (P = .749). The Lysholm score was significantly higher in the CKT group at the 3 and 6 months postoperatively, while there was no difference at 12 and 24 months, respectively.In short-term observation, the ACL reconstruction with CKT, which can sustain aggressive rehabilitation and prevent the loosening of ACL graft, can lead to better clinical outcomes and kinematics recovery of the knee compared to routine technique.     

The future of anterior cruciate ligament surgery

Future anterior cruciate ligament surgery techniques will evolve from emphasizing the technical factors involved in successful ligament reconstruction to emphasizing the biomechanical, neuromuscular, and biologic factors, which will enhance healing. Advances in computer and robotic technology will help the surgeon perform anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The importance of the anterior cruciate ligament and its relationship with other anatomic and neuromuscular structures of the knee has been well researched over the past decade; the next decade will combine this knowledge with technological and biological advancements.     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱和可吸收界面螺钉固定重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨自体四股膪绳肌腱和可吸收界面螺钉固定重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的手术方法及疗效。方法21例ACL断裂患者,于关节镜下施术,自体四股腘绳肌腱为ACL重建替代物（保留少许ACL下止点残端作为定位标志物）,可吸收界面螺钉固定重建ACL。结果21例术后平均随访18．4个月。Lachman试验（＋）2例、（±）5例、（-）16例。术后平均膝关节活动度为127°（100°-140°）。所有患膝术前抽屉试验均阳性,术后均阴性,能自如上下楼梯,进行单腿屈膝跳跃及慢速奔跑等活动。Lysholm评分术前为52（35～76）分,术后为91（85—100）分,手术前后相比,P〈0．05。结论关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱及可吸收界面螺钉固定重建ACL是恢复膝关节稳定性较好的方法,是治疗急慢性ACL损伤断裂的有效方法。准确的关节内入口、定位是手术成功的关键,术后实施正确合理的功能训练也是保证疗效的重要环节。     

The efficacy of 5 rehabilitation treatments after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A network meta-analysis

Background:The efficacy of traditional rehabilitation, proprioceptive training, and neuromuscular training after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is also controversial. In order to help medical staff better choose the rehabilitation treatment plan after ACL reconstruction, we conducted this network meta-analysis.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as Wanfang, Weipu, China Zhiwang, and PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase were retrieved. We collected clinical controlled trial papers on traditional rehabilitation therapy, proprioceptive training and neuromuscular training after ACL reconstruction for meta-analysis.Results:In this meta-analysis, 12 studies were included, including 486 patients who received rehabilitation treatment after ACL reconstruction. Based on network meta-analysis, it was found that 4 groups of direct comparison and 6 groups of indirect comparison were formed for 5 rehabilitation treatment schemes after ACL reconstruction. The curative effect of traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training is better than that of traditional rehabilitation training (mean difference value of traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training vs traditional rehabilitation training was 8.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.61,13.39). The efficacy of proprioceptive training is better than that of traditional rehabilitation training (mean difference value of proprioceptive training vs traditional rehabilitation training is 11.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.62,21.39). There was no statistical significance between the other rehabilitation trainings. According to the surface under cumulative ranking curve, the therapeutic effects of the 5 rehabilitation treatment programs after ACL reconstruction were ranked as follows: proprioceptive training (72%) > traditional rehabilitation training combined with neuromuscular training (70.8%) > traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioception training (57.1%) > neuromuscular training (45.5%) > traditional rehabilitation training (4.6%). No publication bias was found in the funnel plot.Conclusion:Combined with the results of meta-analysis and surface under cumulative ranking efficacy sequence diagram, it can be seen that traditional rehabilitation training combined with proprioceptive training and traditional rehabilitation training combined with neuromuscular training have significant efficacy. Due to the limitations of this study, the conclusions of this network meta-analysis still need to be further confirmed by a large sample size and well-designed randomized controlled trials.     

膝交叉韧带重建术中切取自体腘绳肌肌腱安全区的临床解剖学研究

目的探讨膝关节屈曲状态下切取胭绳肌肌腱的安全区和安全角度。方法选择膝关节标本15例,分离出隐神经及分支。以髌韧带内缘在髌骨下极水平处定为点B,以髌韧带内缘在胫骨结节的止点处定为点A,以A、B点的中点定为点C。分别测量点A和点C至隐神经、髌下神经的距离,通过计算得出手术安全区范围和切口角度。结果切取胴绳肌肌腱时,在点A（胫骨结节）水平上为同时避免损伤隐神经和髌下神经切口位置必须在点A内侧3．4—5．9cm,切口安全角度为50°。结论在切取半腱肌股薄肌时膝关节屈曲90°、切口在胫骨结节内侧3．4—5．9cm、切口角度50°可避免神经损伤。     

嵌入固定法重建前交叉韧带:肌腱-骨和肌腱结的生物力学和组织学研究

目的 探讨肌腱-骨和肌腱结两种移植物重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的生物力学效果和组织学转归情况。方法 生物力学部分采用猪膝关节45个模拟交叉韧带重建。实验分为：骨-髌腱-骨（B-PT—B）界面螺钉固定法（n=11）、股骨端单纯肌腱结（n=13）和肌腱-骨（n=11）嵌压固定法；猪正常膝关节（n=8）ACL作为实验对照组。观察最大载荷拔出、刚度和最大位移等指标，数据进行统计学处理。组织学部分用10只山羊膝关节为实验模型，股骨隧道呈倒置瓶颈状，分别以髌腱-胫骨结节骨块或趾长伸肌腱结为移植物，在股骨隧道内嵌压固定重建前交叉韧带。术后4、8、12、16周取材，分别进行放射学、大体形态和组织切片检查，观察隧道宽度变化及移植物的组织学转归。结果 最大载荷：肌腱结和肌腱-骨嵌压固定法〉B-PT—B界面螺钉固定。前者可以满足正常生理强度需求。两组移植物术后各时间点放射检查未见隧道扩大；HE染色检查显示12周后有明显的腱-骨连接形成。结论 股骨端肌腱结和肌腱-骨两种移植物采用嵌压固定法重建ACL，其最大载荷强度〉B-PT—B界面螺钉固定法，能满足日常生理活动需求，有利于移植物的愈合。     

Neuromuscular contributions to anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females

Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are not gender specific, they do occur at a significantly greater rate in females. Biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits in females have been documented as factors contributing to ACL injuries, however little research has been conducted in the area of preventative training programs to improve these deficits. This article will describe the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors that contribute to ACL injuries in females, and provide a foundation from which preventative training programs should be designed.