肾上腺损伤的CT表现

目的 探讨肾上腺损伤的CT表现,评价CT检查的诊断价值.方法收集8例经手术或CT复查随访证实的外伤车祸患者肾上腺损伤的CT资料和临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果外伤后急性期(1～7 d)CT扫描,显示肾上腺血肿8例,CT表现为肾上腺区圆形、类圆形高密度影;肾上腺周围组织损伤6例,其中4例肾上腺周围脂肪内条纹状、斑片状高密度模糊出血影,3例膈肌增粗,密度增高,本组中8例在外伤后亚急性期(8 d～1个月末)和慢性期(1个月后)CT复查,表现为肾上腺血肿密度从边缘开始缓慢降低,肾上腺形态逐渐恢复正常.结论 CT检查反映了肾上腺损伤的病理解剖改变,是诊断肾上腺损伤的主要方法.     

肾上腺结核CT诊断

目的 分析肾上腺结核的CT表现并探讨其影像学特征。方法分析21例肾上腺结核的CT检查所见，其中男16例，女5例，年龄20～80岁。均行CT扫描。所有病例均经临床诊断。结果肾上腺结核依病期不同而有两种不同的影像学表现：双肾上腺增大，内含低密度区，增强扫描呈环形或分隔状强化；双肾上腺腺体萎缩及钙化。结论当全身多脏器结核，同时伴有肾上腺上述影像变化，应考虑肾上腺结核的诊断。     

肺动脉栓塞的CT表现及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肺动脉栓塞的CT表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析20例肺动脉栓塞患者CT增强表现.结果 20例行肺动脉CT增强扫描,178条段以上肺动脉栓塞.平扫示肺动脉栓塞的间接征象为,肺纹理稀疏15例,肺动脉高压3例,胸水15例,梗死灶共30个.结论 CT肺动脉造影在诊断肺动脉栓塞方面快速、有效,对肺动脉栓塞的诊断及鉴别肺梗死和肺出血具有较高价值.     

肺腺癌经支气管肺转移的CT表现

目的认识肺腺癌经支气管播敖肺转移的CT表现和规律。方法回顾性分析15例经病理证实为腺癌或细支气管肺泡癌经支气管肺转移的CT表现，重点关注病变的发展特点。结果15例肺癌患者在CT上原发病灶均为实变型肺癌．在同侧或对侧肺内出现多发性、与支气管分布有明确相关的病灶，胸膜不受累。在初诊的CT上表现为小叶中心性结节5例、树芽征7例、腺泡结节2例、磨玻璃影10例和实变13例，其中5例仅有小叶中心结节（单一型），10例为多种形态病变共存（复合型）．曾全部被误诊为结核或炎症，经抗结核或抗炎治疗无效。在平均4个月的CT随访中，单一型转移者进展缓慢．结节融合形成边界相对清晰的实变影；初诊为复合型的病变恶化较快。结论肺腺癌经支气管转移的CT表现有一定的规律．但诊断仍须结合临床及实验室检查，以区别于结核和炎症反应。     

肾上腺CT扫描在门诊高血压患者中筛查肾上腺高血压的应用价值

目的 以优先应用肾上腺薄层CT扫描的方法,在门诊高血压患者中筛查肾上腺病变的患病情况,评价该方法在高血压人群早期诊断肾上腺高血压的应用价值.方法 本研究对象来自本院心内科门诊患者(2009年1月至2009年8月),排除已知继发性高血压(包括已诊断的内分泌及肾性高血压)和恶性肿瘤.应用肾上腺薄层CT进行筛查,对于肾上腺形态学异常者进一步完善其肾上腺病变的各项内分泌功能检查,得出肾上腺病变和肾上腺高血压的检出率,从而评价影像学优先筛查策略的诊断价值.结果 入选高血压患者362例,其中男性162例,女性200例,平均年龄(60.9±9.3)岁,平均高血压病程为(13.8±5.3)年.经肾上腺薄层CT扫描发现,肾上腺形态学异常35例(9.6％),其中肾上腺腺瘤20例(5.5％),肾上腺增生15例(4.1％).经内分泌功能评价结果发现,从35例肾上腺形态异常者中确认肾上腺高血压患者17例,肾上腺高血压总检出率为4.7％,其中原发性醛固酮增多症14例(3.9％),皮质醇增多症2例(0.6％),嗜铬细胞瘤1例(0.3％).优先应用肾上腺薄层CT扫描在门诊高血压患者中检出肾上腺形态学异常率为9.6％,联合功能评价,肾上腺性高血压总检出率为4.7％.结论 影像检查优先的策略在门诊高血压患者中筛查肾上腺高血压具有良好的应用价值.     

CT对胃平滑肌类肿瘤的鉴别及评价

目的总结胃平滑肌类肿瘤的CT表现，讨论其应用价值及鉴别诊断．方法分析13例经手术病理证实的胃平滑肌瘤的CT征象，其诊断结果与内镜、胃肠道钡餐造影检查比较．结果13例中，平滑肌瘤8例，平滑肌肉瘤5例．除1例误诊为胰腺癌外，CT都确诊为胃平滑肌类肿瘤，CT定性诊断准确率为92．3％；优于另外两种方法（P＜0．05）良恶性平滑肌瘤的CT图象有一定的CT特征．位于腔外的肿瘤多为肉瘤．当肿瘤直径大于5．0cm，瘤体内有不规则低密度坏死区或溃疡深而不规则，邻近器官或组织有侵犯或转移时，要考虑恶性．结论CT在显示胃平滑肌类肿瘤的部位、大小、生长方式及其内部密度情况有独特价值，尤其可以观察肿瘤对邻近器官和组织有无侵犯或转移．据此判断肿瘤的良恶性，并决定手术切除的可能性．     

心源性肺间质水肿的CT表现

目的探讨心源性肺间质水肿的CT表现,提高其诊断水平。方法分析19例经临床证实的心源性肺间质水肿的CT表现。结果 19例心源性肺间质水肿均可见心影增大和肺血增多、支气管血管周围间质增厚、小叶间隔增厚,其中合并肺泡渗出6例,合并胸腔积液15例,心包积液9例。结论心源性肺间质水肿有其典型的CT表现,HRCT能够更清晰地显示肺间质改变,结合临床能做出准确诊断。     

肝脏少见肿瘤的影像学表现

肝脏是各类原发及继发肿瘤发生的常见器官,组织学类型多种多样,但部分肿瘤类型较少见,CT和MRI可显示肝内病变大小、形态、密度或信号、周围组织关系及肿瘤血供情况,同时MRI具有较高的软组织分辨率。综合运用CT和MRI检查,总结肝脏少见肿瘤的影像学表现,旨在提高对肝脏少见肿瘤的诊断水平,更好的发挥影像学在肝脏肿瘤诊疗中的作用。     

肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的CT诊断特征及价值

目的探讨肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的CT诊断特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤患者的CT表现并复习文献。结果12例均经手术病理证实,CT平扫肾上腺区域示圆形或类圆形脂肪样低密度肿块影。肿块内可见斑点状钙化及条索状略高密度影,增强扫描肿块内条索状略高密度影强化不明显。结论CT检查对肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤的定位、定性诊断和显示肿瘤与邻近器官的关系有很大的实用价值。     

结核性腹膜炎的CT表现

目的探讨结核性腹膜炎(TBP)的CT特点,提高其诊断水平。方法分析32例经临床及病理证实为TBP的CT表现。结果 (1)壁腹膜增厚21例,其中光滑增厚18例、不规则增厚3例;(2)肠系膜改变24例;(3)大网膜改变19例;(4)腹水26例;(5)腹腔淋巴结增大6例。结论 CT能够为临床诊断TBP提供有价值的线索。     

肾上腺肿瘤的CT检查与临床

肾上腺及其分泌的激素是人体重要的不可缺少的腺体和激素,同脑垂体一样体积很小的肾上腺,其细胞分化和激素的分泌是非常复杂的。当肾上腺组织细胞学发生了改变,其皮质分泌的醛固酮、皮质醇、性激素以及髓质分泌的儿茶酚胺无论在量和节律上均可出现不同程度紊乱,而影响到整个人体多方面改变,甚至体态的异常,正如一本科学杂志提到的:“内分泌腺体是一群矮小的巨人”。1肾上腺疾病的影像学检查肾上腺皮质合成及分泌多种类固醇激素,最重要的是皮质醇(Cortisol)、醛固酮(ALD)和少量的性激素。髓质合成及分泌的儿茶酚胺主要是肾上腺素(E),体内其…     

Bilateral primary adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and primary adrenocortical carcinoma--review of the literature preoperative differentiation of adrenal tumors

Most of the adrenal tumors that are incidentally detected are benign adenomas. The incidence of malignant adrenal tumors including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is rather low. As many patients with ACC and PAL are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, the overall survival time of both entities remains poor. The therapeutic strategies for both entities differ. Thus an early differentiation between ACC and PAL is necessary. Unfortunately hitherto preoperative diagnosis of potentially malignant adrenal masses is still a main problem in the treatment of adrenal tumors. We present the case of a 57-year-old male patient with ACC and the case of an 87-year-old male patient with PAL and provide a systematic comparison of the clinical and pathological features of both entities. In both cases clinical and radiological features resulted in an initially false diagnosis. Primary surgical therapy was performed in both patients. The patient with PAL died five months after initial surgery. The patient with ACC showed tumor progression with local and systemic recurrence despite adjuvant therapy with mitotane and additional surgical therapy. Prognosis of patients with ACC and PAL seems to be dependant on the ability to start accurate treatment without any time delay. We propose some guidelines for diagnosis and surgical management of adrenal tumors.     

腹部CT检查鉴别诊断恶性肿瘤患者小肝脓肿与肝转移瘤经验分析

目的 探讨在肝外恶性肿瘤患者,使用腹部CT检查鉴别小肝脓肿与肝转移癌.方法 2017年1月～2020年12月我院行肝脏增强CT检查且影像学报告中使用了"肝脓肿"或"肝转移癌"的患者,分析CT特征包括病灶直径、病灶数量、动脉期边缘强化、持续边缘强化和边缘低密度水肿带等.结果 在32例肝脓肿患者和28例肝转移癌患者,腹部C...     

Pathophysiology of deoxycorticosterone-secreting adrenal tumors

Two patients with hypermineralocorticoidism due to deoxycorticosterone (DOC) excess are described. The plasma 17-deoxysteroids of the zona fasciculata (ZF), namely DOC, corticosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone, were elevated. Plasma androgen concentrations were normal, and plasma aldosterone and renin levels were low. One patient, who had benign adrenocortical adenoma, had normal plasma cortisol levels. The other patient, who had metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma, had low plasma cortisol, presumably due to elevated plasma corticosterone levels. While tumors producing only 17-deoxysteroids are rare, they have provided new insights into the regulation of 17-deoxysteroid secretion by the ZF. Presumptive suppression of a non-ACTH factor by adenoma-produced DOC transiently impaired the early postoperative responses to ACTH of the ZF 17-deoxysteroids of the contralateral adrenal. The dissociation of 17-deoxysteroids from cortisol in normal subjects given either dexamethasone or DOC acetate provides additional evidence for such a factor.     

肾上腺结核CT诊断

目的　分析肾上腺结核的CT表现并探讨其影像学特征。方法 分析21例肾上腺结核的CT检查,其中男16例,女5例,年龄20～80岁。均行CT扫描。所有病例均经临床诊断。结果 肾上腺结核依病期不同而有2种不同的影像学表现:双肾上腺增大,内含低密度区,增强扫描呈环形或分隔状强化;双肾上腺腺体萎缩及钙化。结论 当全身多脏器结核同时伴有肾上腺的影像变化时,应考虑肾上腺结核的诊断。     

Hypertension in malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex. A review of clinical, biological and hormonal features

Hypertension may be a prominent and sometimes the dominant expression of tumours of the adrenal cortex as demonstrated in a personal series of 9 cases and in comparable series in the literature. It is therefore important, despite their relatively low incidence, to recognise adrenal cortical tumours as the cause of hypertension. The present study was undertaken to show that this diagnosis is relatively easy. The simplest indicators are:--the change in body electrolytes with hypokalaemia and hyper-kaliuria is practically constant and should prompt a hormonal investigation to demonstrate increases adrenal secretion of mineralocorticoids;--there is also a high incidence, despite the variable profiles of plasma and urinary corticosteroids, of paradoxical lowering of plasma aldosterone in parallel with normal or low PRA which does not react to orthostatism. These two preliminary investigations are the prelude and invitation to the measurement of other mineralocorticoids, especially desoxycorticosterone secondary to a relative block of 11-betahydroxylation from what other in vivo and in vitro studies have shown. Repeated monitoring of the preceding investigations is important for the post-operative follow-up and diagnosis of recurrences or metastases.