高校实验技术队伍建设的改革思路

众所周知,实验室是高等院校进行教学、科研和培养学生能力的重要基地,是反映学校教学水平、科研水平和管理水平的重要标志之一。实验室的建设与发展,关键是建立一支高素质、稳定的实验技术队伍。本文就如何改变实验技术队伍的建设与培养工作相对滞后,实验技术队伍的基本素质相对偏低的现状,阐明自己的观点。转变观念提高认识长期以来,多数院校只是把实验教学当作理论教学内容的补充、验证。近几年来,随着教育体制改革的不断深入,各高校对实验室工作在一定程度上比以前重视了,但其重视程度尚未提到应有的高度。这样,极大地制约了实验技术队伍…     

高职高专实验室建设与发展的探索

实验室作为高职高专实践教学、培养人才的重要基地，其建设水平的高低直接影响实践教学质量。因此，必须更新观念，改进管理模式；加强创新人才的培养；加强实验队伍的建设，提高人员素质；加强设备管理，应用现代化手段推进实验室的建设与发展。     

谈医院管理队伍的建设

医院要充分认识到管理队伍建设的重要性和迫切性,尽快建立和完善人才的选拔、使用和培养制度,加强人才规划和梯队建设。对管理人才,要严格挑选,正确、合理地使用,加强培训和锻炼,努力抓好医院管理队伍的建设,促进医院的发展。     

药学专业创新人才培养体系的构建与试验区建设

药学专业以培养具有创新和创造能力的高素质人才为核心,构建"早参与-多实践-强能力"的创新人才培养体系,从课程体系、教学方法、队伍建设、课程模式、专业特色、实践环节等方面强化药学专业创新人才培养试验区建设,使学生在基础理论、创新能力、素质等方面得到全方面的协调发展。     

发挥生物机能实验系统作用提高机能实验教学效果

高校实验室是培养高素质创新人才的重要场所,对培养学生的科学思维、实践能力和创新精神有着不可替代的作用。在现代电子技术和计算机技术快速发展的今天,实验仪器的微机化、数字化是仪器的发展趋势。     

以药物研发为中心的多维度整合药学综合教学实验设计

实验教学在培养药学本科生创新精神与实践能力上发挥着关键作用。在基于“双一流”高校建设的新形势需求下,探索以本科教育为核心的实验教学新方法和新观念尤为重要。以国家人才强国战略对高素质药学专业人才的需求为导向,以药物研发为中心,采用科研反哺教学模式,设计全链条的新药研发综合性实验;从药学实验课程的构成、进程、质控和评价等方面高度综合,为培养高素质、创新型药学人才打下基础。     

实验技术人员在实验教学中作用的探讨

创新精神与实践能力的培养是素质教育的要求,也是大学教学改革与发展的指向。要培养适应社会发展要求的合格人才,拥有一支适应现代教学、科研工作需要,作风过硬、技术精湛、知识和能力结构合理的实验技术人员队伍是提高实验教学质量,完成合格人才培养不可忽视的力量。本文就实验技术人员在教学科研中地位和作用,对这支队伍的价值加以探讨。     

护理教员队伍建设的现状及发展思路

我校成立于战火纷飞的战争年代,建校70多年来,始终高举白求恩精神伟大旗帜,为基层部队卫生机构培养大量有用人才。新时期、新形势、新任务,对护理教学质量提出更高要求,对护理教员队伍自身建设也提出更高标准。故如何适应部队现代信息化战争卫勤保障的发展和需求,培养合格的护理士官人才,以及如何加强教员队伍建设,努力跟上护理教学改革进程,是摆在每位军事护理学教学工作者面前的一个重大课题。     

谈病原学实验室实验技术人员的培养

医学是一门实践性很强的学科,实验教学则是培养实用型医学人才的重要环节。随着学科的发展、技术的进步、知识的更新,对医学实验技术人员素质的要求也越来越高。高素质、稳定的实验技术队伍是实验室建设和发展的保证,也是当前教育事业发展的要求。医学实验技术人员是高等医学院校实验教学及科研队伍的重要组成部分,与教师一样肩负着培养人才的任务。     

浅议药物非临床研究质量管理规范在医科院校建设中的意义

医科高校科研失信和科研成果造假事件频发。药物非临床研究质量管理规范(GLP)作为一种国际性的实验室管理标准,主要确保实验数据的真实性和可重复性。在医科院校中建设GLP可以促进创新药物研发、提高院校实践课程教学质量、加强实验室安全管理和提高实验数据的可靠性。GLP的建设对于医科院校人才和科研诚信良好氛围的培养具有重要意义,也为医科院校“双一流”建设高质量发展提供更强支撑。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.