臭牡丹根正丁醇提取物的体外抗菌实验的研究

目的研究臭牡丹根提取物的不同组分在体外抗菌实验的作用。方法采用琼脂扩散法、试管连续稀释法等完成最低抑菌实验、最低杀菌实验。结果臭牡丹根的乙酸乙酯提取物及氯仿提取物等组分,体外抗金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺氏菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌作用较弱,而臭牡丹根正丁醇提取物具有对一些细菌生长具有显著的抑制作用。结论臭牡丹根正丁醇提取物具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌及白色葡萄球菌的作用。     

痰热清注射液的药敏试验

目的评价痰热清注射液的体外抑菌活性。方法采用平板稀释法测定痰热清注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希氏菌、变形杆菌、福氏志贺氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和白色假丝酵母菌的抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果痰热清注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希氏菌、变形杆菌、福氏志贺氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和白色假丝酵母菌的MIC分别为10,10,20,50,200,10,100,50,100和200p·g-1·L-1。结论痰热清注射液对上述10种常见的细菌有明显的抑制作用;平板稀释法是较为理想的一种测定中(成)药药敏的方法。     

鹅不食草醇提取物抑菌作用研究

目的:通过抑菌试验了解中药鹅不食草乙醇提取物的抗菌活性。方法:试验采用纸片扩散法测定乙醇提取物对福氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、藤黄微球菌、酿酒酵母的抗菌活性。采用试管比浊法测定其最小抑菌浓度。结果:鹅不食草提取物除福氏志贺菌、铜绿假单胞菌、酿酒酵母无抑菌活性外,对其余菌株均有抑菌作用,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性显著。结论:鹅不食草有较好的抑菌效果,在临床抗菌消炎方面有极大地优势。     

紫草三黄栓体外抑菌活性的研究

目的研究紫草三黄栓体外抗菌活性。方法采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法测定紫草三黄栓和阳性对照药马应龙痔疮栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌强度;采用稀释法测定紫草三黄栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果紫草三黄栓对三种细菌的抑菌强度与阳性对照药相当;对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为16μg.mL~(-1)、铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度为64μg.mL~(-1)、大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为8μg.mL~(-1)。结论紫草三黄栓有较为显著的抗菌活性。     

炎可宁胶囊体外抗菌活性研究

目的:探讨炎可宁胶囊在体外对不同细菌的抑制作用。方法:选择铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺菌、肺炎链球菌5种细菌,采用琼脂扩散法评价炎可宁胶囊对供试菌的抑制作用,采用试管倍比稀释法确定最小抑菌浓度。结果:炎可宁胶囊对铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌极度敏感,对福氏志贺菌高度敏感,对肺炎链球菌中度敏感;对铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺菌和肺炎链球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为18.75、18.75、9.38、37.5、75mg/mL。结论:炎可宁胶囊在体外具有广谱抗菌活性。     

藏药短穗兔耳草有效部位的抑菌活性研究

目的对短穗兔耳草Lagotis brachystachyM axim挥发油及全草分萃取段进行了抑菌活性研究。方法选择金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌为代表菌种,筛选出了对所选细菌的生长具有明显抑制作用的抗菌活性部分。结果短穗兔耳草挥发油、石油醚萃取部分、醋酸乙酯萃取部分、正丁醇萃取部分都具有部分活性。结论短穗兔耳草挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌活性,石油醚萃取部分对5种细菌都不敏感,醋酸乙酯萃取部分对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希菌有抑菌活性,正丁醇萃取部分对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌有抑菌活性。     

藏药玛奴西汤颗粒体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的:观察藏药玛奴西汤颗粒的体外抑菌作用,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:采用二倍稀释法,测定玛奴西汤颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌的体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:藏药玛奴西汤颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用。结论:藏药玛奴西汤粒体外对所试菌株均具有抗菌作用。     

鬼灯笼提取物的体外抑菌实验

目的:研究鬼灯笼水和70%乙醇提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法:采用纸片扩散法完成鬼灯笼的水和70%乙醇提取物体外最低抑菌实验、最低杀菌实验。结果:鬼灯笼水提物对金黄色葡球耐药菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、无乳链球菌和化脓性链球菌抑菌作用较弱; 70%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡球耐药菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌和无乳链球菌抑菌作用较弱,但对化脓性链球菌有一定的抑制作用;鬼灯笼的水和70%乙醇提取物都对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有显著的抑制作用。结论:鬼灯笼的水和70%乙醇提取物具有显著的抗金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌作用。     

51种常见中草药抗菌活性筛选

目的研究51种常见药材80%乙醇提取物体外抑菌活性。方法制备51种常见药材的醇提物,用琼脂打孔法对其进行抗菌活性的筛选,通过微量稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果有8种药物醇提物显示出对标准金黄色葡萄球菌、标准大肠埃希菌、标准铜绿假单胞菌、标准白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑制活性,木蝴蝶对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.09mg·ml-1,五倍子、鹿衔草、虎杖、炒乌梅对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为0.39~6.25mg·ml-1,五倍子对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.09mg·ml-1,对大肠埃希菌的MIC为0.39mg·ml-1。结论木蝴蝶对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果十分显著,五倍子等4种药对铜绿假单胞菌的效果较好,桂心、夏枯花、金樱根3种药材对以上4种菌及耐药菌均显示出较好抑菌活性。     

健得肤疾洗剂抗菌实验研究

目的:探讨健得肤疾洗剂的体外抗菌作用。方法:以临床妇科常见致病菌为受试菌,采用连续倍比稀释法,观察健得肤疾洗剂的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:健得肤疾洗剂的MIC和MBC分别为:白色念珠菌为1．56％和12．5％(ml／ml),金黄色葡萄球菌为3．12％和6．25％(ml／ml),铜绿假单孢菌为12．5％和25％(ml／ml),大肠杆菌均为25％(ml／ml),沙门氏菌为12．5％和25％(ml／ml)。结论:健得肤疾洗剂对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单孢菌、大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌和杀菌作用。     

Antibacterial activity of leaf essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum

The antibacterial activities of the essential oils from leaves of two Cinnamomum osmophloeum clones (A and B) and their chemical constituents were investigated in this study. The nine strains of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., and Vibrio parahemolyticus, were used in the antibacterial tests. Results from the antibacterial tests demonstrated that the indigenous cinnamon B leaf essential oils had an excellent inhibitory effect. The MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) of the B leaf oil were 500 microg/ml against both K. pneumoniae and Salmonella sp. and 250 microg/ml against the other seven strains of bacteria. Cinnamaldehyde possessed the strongest antibacterial activity compared to the other constituents of the essential oils. The MICs of cinnamaldehyde against the E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, MRSA, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., and V. parahemolyticus were 500, 1000, 250, 250, 250, 250, 1000, 500, and 250 microg/ml, respectively. These results suggest that C. osmophloeum leaf essential oil and cinnamaldehyde are beneficial to human health, having the potential to be used for medical purposes and to be utilized as anti-bacterial additives in making paper products.     

Antimicrobial study of bark from five tree species.

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of Gymnanthes lucida, Gliricidia sepium, Lysiloma divaricata, Lysiloma tergemina and Coccolaba cozumelensis were tested against S. lutea, E. coli, S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, S. choleraesuis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. pumillus, S. typhimurium, P. vulgaris, V. cholerae and C. albicans. It was found that methanol extracts of the two Lysiloma species and G. sepium had antimicrobial effects against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. pumillus and V. cholerae at doses of 200 microg. The major inhibitory effect was observed with L. tergemina which showed a bacteriostatic effect on S. epidermidis at doses of 400 microg/mL.     

石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物抑菌作用的实验研究

目的探讨石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物的体外抑菌活性效果并确认其有效部位。方法提取两种化合物,采用试管两倍稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌进行体外抑菌实验。结果石榴皮中鞣质类化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,而黄酮类化合物对绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌抑菌效果不强。结论石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物有一定的抑菌作用,且鞣质类化合物呈现广谱抗菌特性,并具有抗耐药菌作用。     

广东高要与吴川产广藿香提取物对肠道致病菌抗菌作用的比较研究

采用体外抗菌试验测试了高要和吴川产广藿香水提取物与挥发油对常见肠道致病菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,广藿香水提物和挥发油对沙门菌、大肠杆菌、志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等常见肠道致病菌均有一定的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显强于肠道杆菌(P<0.01)。而且,高要广藿香水提物对肠道致病菌的抑菌作用明显强于吴川广藿香(P<0.01)。     

广东高要与吴川产广蕾香提取物对肠道致病菌抗菌作用的比较研究

采用体外抗菌试验测试了高要和吴川产广藿香水提取物与挥发油对常见肠道致病菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,广藿香水提物和挥发油对沙门菌,大肠杆菌,志贺菌,金黄色葡萄球菌等常见肠道致病菌均有一定的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显强于肠道杆菌（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而且,高要广藿香水提取物对肠道致病毒的抑菌作用明显强于吴川广藿香（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

苍耳与灰白毛莓的体外抑菌作用对比研究

目的比较苍耳和灰白毛莓的体外抑菌作用以及二者配伍制剂的抑菌效果。方法采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈直径,二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果灰白毛莓的抑菌范围较苍耳广,且灰白毛莓全株对金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡沙门氏菌的抑制作用较苍耳强,苍耳的茎叶对铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用较灰白毛莓强。结论灰白毛莓的抑菌范围比苍耳的抑菌范围更广,二者的配伍制剂有协同作用。     

羊耳菊水提取物体外抑菌活性研究

目的 探讨羊耳菊不同器官水提取物的体外抑菌活性.方法 以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌等10种微生物为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片扩散法、试管二倍稀释法,对羊耳菊水提取物进行抑菌试验.结果 羊耳菊全株各器官都具有较强的抑菌作用,其中根对10种供试菌种都有抑制作用,抑制范围最广;茎对9种供试菌种有抑制作用,叶对8种供试菌种有抑制作用.羊耳菊各器官对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强.羊耳菊根、茎、叶对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为15.63,62.5,62.5 mg/ml,而其抑菌圈直径分别为14.3,13.8,13.5 mm;羊耳菊根,茎,叶对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为15.63,31.25,62.5 mg/ml,其抑菌圈直径分别为15.8,15.5,14.0 mm.结论 羊耳菊水提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源.     

斜叶檀和杠香不同提取物的体外抗菌活性初探

目的探究传统民族药斜叶檀(又称为斜叶黄檀,Dalbergia pinnata(Lour.)Prain)和杠香(又称为滇黔黄檀,Dalbergia yunnanensis Franch)不同提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法采用纸片扩散法探究斜叶檀及杠香的水蒸气蒸馏挥发油、超临界二氧化碳萃取挥发油、水提物及醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus S.aureus)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)及白念珠菌(Candida albicans,C.albicaus)的抑菌效果,并探究提取物浓度对敏感菌株抑菌活性的影响,同时进行最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(Minimal Bactericidal Concentration,MBC及Minimal Fungicidal Concentration,MFC)的测定。结果两种药物不同的提取物均表现出不同程度的抑菌活性,且活性强弱与提取物浓度成正相关。二者水提物对两种葡萄球菌抑制效果明显,对粪肠球菌抑制效果稍逊;斜叶檀水蒸馏挥发油对白念珠菌抑制效果极强,抑菌圈直径大于30 mm。斜叶檀水蒸馏挥发油对白念珠菌的MIC和MFC均为220μg·mL-1;水提物对两种葡萄球菌的MIC及MBC均为625μg·mL-1。杠香水提物对两种葡萄球菌的抑菌作用均优于其水蒸馏挥发油。结论斜叶檀、杠香的水蒸馏挥发油及水提物有较好的抗菌活性,拥有进一步开发的潜力。     

美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物体外抗菌活性研究

目的:探讨美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物的体外抗菌作用.对比了美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物的抗菌谱和抗菌强弱.方法:美洲大蠊脱脂膏用活性炭脱色后进行冷冻干燥得到固体脱色物,然后用脱脂膏和脱色物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureas)、白色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus albus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、痢疾志贺菌(Shigella dysenteriae)、甲型副伤寒沙门菌(S.paratyphi A)、乙型副伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella paratyphi B)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris),白色念珠菌(Candida albicans),金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923( Staphylococcus aureus),大肠杆菌ATCC25922(Escherichia coli)进行体外抗菌活性研究,测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果:在实验的各菌株中,脱脂膏仅对白色葡萄球菌具有一定抗菌作用,MIC 31.25 g·L-1,对其他11株细菌均无抗菌活性.脱色物对金黄色葡萄球菌25923、白色念珠菌无抗菌活性,对其他10株细菌均有抗菌活性,MIC 15.63 ～250 g·L-1,其中对白色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌抗菌效果较好,MIC分别为15.63,62.5 g·L-1.结论:美洲大蠊中含有抗菌活性成分,脱色物与脱脂膏相比,抗菌效果优于脱脂膏.     

The antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts to acne-developing organisms

This study aims to present the in vitro inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts on the main developer of acne lesions, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and other organisms that are isolated from acne lesions. Thirty-eight subjects (males and females) who had various types of acne were enrolled in the study. The contents of the acne lesions were cultured and the frequency of P. acnes (alone and with Staphylococci spp.) was 47%, whereas the frequencies for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 13% and 24%, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts, determined by disk diffusion method (zone of inhibition), were compared to tea tree oil (TTO), doxycycline and clindamycin antibiotics. The zones of inhibition due to the Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts ranged from 15.8-17.6 mm against P. acnes, 11.3-15.7 mm against S. aureus and 12.9-15.5 mm against S. epidermidis, respectively. These zones of inhibition were significantly higher than those of TTO and equivalent in case of Staphylococci spp., but less in case of P. acnes, to those obtained from doxycycline or clindamycin. It can be concluded that Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts may be beneficial in treating acne especially when they are known to have anti-inflammatory activities.