结核病对2019冠状病毒病患者病情和病毒核酸转阴影响的初步分析

目的通过比较2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者合并与不合并结核病两组的临床特征、实验室检查结果及病毒核酸转阴时间,明确结核病是否会加重COVID-19患者病情和延长病毒核酸转阴时间。方法收集2020年10月—2021年1月青岛市明确诊断为COVID-19感染患者的人口学特征和临床变量。按COVID-19患者是否合并结核病进行分组,比较两组患者的人口学特征、实验室检查结果及核酸转阴时间等临床变量,分析结核病对COVID-19患者病情和核酸转阴的影响。结果共纳入COVID-19患者42例,其中合并结核病患者共8例。COVID-19患者合并结核病所占比例较合并高血压、糖尿病等慢性基础疾病高(19.0%对16.7%对14.3%)。所有患者中常见的症状为咳嗽(33.3%)和发热(28.6%),且咳嗽和发热在COVID-19合并结核病组患者中更常见,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19合并结核病组的淋巴细胞计数、辅助T细胞数(CD3、CD4)及CD4/CD8均较COVID-19组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症患者在COVID-19合并结核病组中所占比率(27.5%)明显高于无结核病组(2.9%),且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19合并结核病患者的核酸转阴时间比无结核病患者明显延长(23.5 d对16.5 d),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结核病加重了COVID-19患者病情,延长了患者核酸转阴时间。因此,在COVID-19大流行时期应加强对COVID-19患者结核感染的筛查,加强对结核病患者的管理和治疗。     

Influence of pigments and pH of urine on the determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity with 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide

The influence of urinary pigments and urine pH on the spectrophotometric determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG; EC 3.2.1.30) activity with 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide as a substrate was studied. The investigation was performed with human and rabbit urine samples. It was found that alkaline urine pH values influenced NAG activity in two ways: 1) NAG activity decreased due to enzyme instability with pH increase, and 2) NAG activity increased because of the contribution of urinary pigments to absorbance of 2-methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenol (MNP) at 505 nm. It was shown that besides the maximum (I) in the range of 350-360 nm of the absorption spectra of alkaline urine, there was a maximum (II) in the range of 380-460 nm. With the increase of pH, maximum II was shifted toward higher wavelengths and contributed to MNP absorption (5-90%). On the other hand, the maximum of MNP absorption was shifted toward lower wavelengths (495-400 nm) with increasing pH. Two procedures to eliminate the influence of urinary pigments are presented. The justification of applying a correction to the values of NAG activity in human and rabbit urine (a model system for studying the toxic effects of cadmium) was discussed.     

Neuropharmacological effects of lipoic acid and ubiquinone on the mRNA level of interleukin‐1β and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus after seizures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of lipoic acid and ubiquinone on interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mRNA levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine‐induced seizures. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally administered with either 0.9% saline (icontrol group), LA (10 or 20 mg/kg, LA10 or LA20 groups), UQ (20 or 40 mg/kg, UQ20 and UQ40 groups), pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, P400 group), or co‐administration of pilocarpine with LA or UQ groups 30 min prior to LA or UQ administration. After the treatments, all groups were observed for 1 h. IL‐1β mRNA and AChE activity in rat hippocampus at 1 h after SE onset was determined. Results showed that rats pretreated with LA or UQ developed less seizures and SE more slowly and has less number than animals treated with pilocarpine alone. Reduced IL‐1β mRNA and marked AChE activities in the hippocampus were significantly higher in rats pretreated with LA or UQ in comparison with the values of the control and seized groups. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that an increase on IL‐1β mRNA levels in hippocampus occurs during seizures induced by pilocarpine, which indicates that inflammatory process plays a crucial role in seizures pathogenic consequences. Our result also suggests that LA or UQ can exert significant neuroprotective effects, at least in part, because of the increase in the AChE activities in rat hippocampus that will be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

血清脂蛋白α、胱抑素-C和尿酸检测对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 分析脂蛋白α[LP(α)]、血清胱抑素-C(Cys-C)和尿酸(UA)检验在早期糖尿病肾病(DN)诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年8月在葫芦岛市中心医院确诊的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者150例,根据尿白蛋白肌酐比值(UACR)分组,即正常白蛋白尿(NA)组50例(UACR 0~3 mg/mmol),微量白蛋白尿(MA)组51例(UACR 3~29 mg/mmol)和临床白蛋白尿(CA)组49例(UACR>30 mg/mmol),检验并比较3组一般临床资料、相关临床指标及血清LP(α)、Cys-C和UA水平,采用Pearson直线相关及Logistic回归分析各指标与DN的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各指标对DN 的诊断价值。结果 3组收缩压、舒张压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);UACR、血肌酐(SCr)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA₁c)、Cys-C、UA、LP(α)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与NA组相比,MA组的LP(α)的水平升高最明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清Cys-C、UA、LP(α)与UACR、SCr均呈正相关,与eGFR呈负相关;Logistic回归分析表明,Cys-C和LP(α)是早期 DN 的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Cys-C和LP(α)对早期DN有较高的的诊断价值。结论 血清LP(α)、Cys-C和UA均可反映糖尿病患者肾损伤的程度,其中LP(α)和Cys-C是早期DN的独立危险因子,三者联合诊断准确度最高,对早期预测DN发生具有较高的诊断效能。     

Preclinical ex vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: duration of culture; the media, serum supplements, and growth factors used; and engraftment in NOD/SCID mice

BACKGROUND: Ex vivo expansion of cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells increases cell dose and may reduce the severity and duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia after transplantation. This study's purpose was to establish a clinically applicable culture system by investigating the use of cytokines, serum-free media, and autologous plasma for the expansion of CB cells and the engraftment of expanded product in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Enriched CB CD34+ cells were cultured in four media (Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium with FCS, Gibco; X-Vivo-10, BioWhittaker; QBSF-60, Quality Biological; and StemSpan SFEM, Stem Cell Technologies) with four cytokine combinations (thrombopoietin [TPO], SCF, Flt-3 ligand [FL] with and without G-CSF, and/or IL-6). The effect of autologous CB plasma was also investigated. The read-out measures were evaluated on Days 8 and 12. After expansion at the optimized condition, cultured cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. The engraftment of human CD45+ cells and subsets in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood was determined. RESULTS: QBSF-60 or StemSpan SFEM supported high yields of early progenitors (CD34+ cells, 相似文献