经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术30例的护理

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理方法.方法 使用常规腹腔镜器械对30例患者进行经脐腹腔镜胆囊切除术.结果 30例患者手术均获成功,无并发症发生,伤口愈合良好,除脐部外,腹壁无手术瘢痕.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜手术创伤比普通腹腔镜手术更小,因此患者术后疼痛更轻,恢复更快,护理方法简单.     

应用自制经脐单孔通道行腹腔镜阑尾切除38例分析

目的 探讨应用自制经脐单孔通道行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的安全性及可行性.方法 2011年3月2012年6月我们应用自制经脐单孔通道完成腹腔镜阑尾切除术38例,对手术方法及临床效果进行回顾性分析.结果 38例均顺利完成手术,手术时间28～56 min,平均46 min,术后无出血、阑尾残端瘘等并发症发生,术后复查切口愈合良好,瘢痕隐蔽,患者对美容效果满意.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术可实现腹壁无瘢痕,安全、可行.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理

目的目的总结和探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理方法。方法使用常规腹腔镜器械对9例慢性胆囊炎患者进行经脐部入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后护理方法及效果。结果9例患者手术均获成功,无并发症发生,伤口愈合良好,除脐部外,腹壁无手术瘢痕。结论经脐入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术是新开展的微创手术,虽然手术操作难度较普通腹腔镜胆囊切除术大,但具有无瘢痕的优点,护理方法简单,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术3O例的护理

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理方法。方法使用常规腹腔镜器械对30例患者进行经脐腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果30例患者手术均获成功,无并发症发生,伤口愈合良好,除脐部外,腹壁无手术瘢痕。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜手术创伤比普通腹腔镜手术更小,因此患者术后疼痛更轻,恢复更快,护理方法简单。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜下乙状结肠切除初步经验

目的 报告经脐单孔腹腔镜乙状结肠切除术经验,探讨其特点及可行性.方法 对1例女性结肠息肉患者施行经脐单孔腹腔镜下乙状结肠切除术.于脐部行2 cm切口,切开皮肤和皮下组织,保留深部筋膜完整,经此切口穿刺置入3枚穿刺套管,利用常规腹腔镜手术器械完成手术操作.游离病变段乙状结肠,横行切断后将该肠段经脐部切口拖出,直视下切除病变肠段.断端送回腹腔,经肛门以吻合器完成肠管端端吻合.结果 手术时间195 min,术中失血50 mL.患者术后恢复良好,无感染或吻合口漏等并发症出现,手术切口愈合后瘢痕不明显,美容效果良好.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜下乙状结肠切除术是方便可行的,具有良好的微创和美容效果.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术体会

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的可行性.方法 37例患者均经脐单孔入路腹腔镜操作,完成胆囊切除26例,肝囊肿开窗术7例,阑尾切除术4例.结果 37例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间56.6min,术后来置引流管、无出血、腹脓肿及切口感染等并发症.术后2周复查无明显脐部手术瘢痕.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜外科技术在胆囊切除、肝囊肿开窗以及阑尾切除术中的应用是安全可行的,且美容效果好,术后疼痛轻.虽然较传统腹腔镜外科技术而言存在着相对难度较大、手术器械需完善等问题,仍是一种有创新性的手术思路和方法.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术20例的护理体会

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的护理方法。方法报告20例经脐单孔腹腔胆囊切除的资料,对相关的护理方法和体会进行总结。结果20例手术均获成功,无1例中转腹腔镜或开放式手术,术后伤口愈合良好,无并发症发生,脐部无明显手术疤痕,美容效果良好。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是新开展的微创手术,虽然手术操作难度大,但具有无疤痕,护理方法简单,明显减少术后并发症等优点,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

运用X-cone单孔器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的:探讨运用X-cone单孔器械完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的方法和可行性.方法:回顾性分析我院2011年4月至2011年11月期间54例经脐单孔胆囊切除患者的临床资料.结果:本组54例均运用X-cone单孔腹腔镜器械经脐行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,2例因胆囊炎症严重,解剖不清,改为二孔法腹腔镜手术,其他均手术成功,成功率96.3％.本组病例手术时间平均(30±14) (20 ～ 58) min,出血5 ～50 mL,平均10.6 mL.术后次日恢复流汁饮食,住院时间3～4 d.随访至今,1例患者切口液化,无其他术中、术后并发症.术后患者无瘢痕效果十分满意.结论:运用X-cone单孔腹腔镜器械经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有同样的手术安全性,更具有突出的切口美容效果,术后疼痛轻、康复快、住院时间短,同时患者住院费用低,值得在临床广泛推广.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术18例分析

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性和临床应用前景。方法回顾性分析2009-10-2011-01徐州市第六人民医院普外科完成18例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的手术时间、出血量、并发症及术后恢复情况等。结果共完成15例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,3例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除因操作困难中转为常规腹腔镜胆囊切除术。手术时间为46～130(68±25)min。术中无明显出血。术后未发生胆漏、腹腔感染、切口感染等并发症。术后平均3～4 d出院。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术可实现腹壁无瘢痕化,减少切口感染概率,但操作难度较大,可以在慎重选择病例的基础上开展。     

经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术临床应用分析

目的:探讨经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床应用价值。方法:选择我院2011年3月²013年4月收治的60例阑尾炎患者为研究对象,均行经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗,分析其临床疗效。结果:所有患者均顺利完成经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,术后均10 h内肛门排气,手术时间平均15 min,术后平均住院时间4 d;所有患者均未发生并发症,手术无明显疤痕。结论:经脐单孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术结合了腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的优势,其微创且安全性能高,腹部无可视伤痕,术后美容效果佳,可取得良好的恢复效果,且缩短伤口恢复时间。     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.