急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)急诊直接PCI术后使用辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构的影响。方法选择AMI接受急诊直接PCI患者245例,随机分为辛伐他汀治疗组(治疗组)123例和对照组122例。比较2组术后即刻TIMI分级、计算校正TIMI计帧数(cTFC)和心肌Blush分级。采用彩色多普勒超声心动仪分别于发病早期(<24h)、1、2、3周末连续测量、计算左心室形态、构型等指标并进行分析。结果与基线比较,对照组1周末左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室短轴前半径(Ra)/内径(D)明显升高,2周末左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、LVESD、Ra/D、左心室前部心内膜弧长(ASL)、后部心内膜弧长(PSL)明显升高,3周末LVEDD、LVESD、Ra/D、ASL、PSL、LVEF明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗组2周末LVEDD、LVESD、PSL、LVEF明显升高,3周末LVEDD、LVESD、ASL、PSL、LVEF明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组2周末、3周末LVEDD、LVESD、Ra/D、ASL、PSL明显降低,LVEF明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者急诊直接PCI术后,使用辛伐他汀对早期左心室重构有抑制作用。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死的效果

目的探讨血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的效果及安全性。方法 84例行PCI手术的AMI患者随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组手术时采用血栓抽吸联合替罗非班,对照组采用替罗非班,比较两组术后TIMI血流分级、心功能及不良心脏事件等。结果观察组TIMI血流分级为0级~1级的比例明显少于对照组,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值及CK-MB峰值时间均明显少于对照组(P<0.05);术后1个月,观察组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)明显低于对照组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论血栓抽吸联合替罗非班改善了血流分级,提高了心肌功能,安全性好。     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI术后不同途径应用替罗非班的疗效

目的探讨不同途径应用替罗非班对老年性急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的近远期疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将该院心内科2012年3月至2013年12月收治的99例老年STEMI患者分为冠脉组(冠脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=50)和静脉组(静脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=49)。两组在急诊确诊后均给予替罗非班静脉应用。行急诊PCI时,治疗组在前向血流恢复后给予冠脉内注射负荷量替罗非班并行PCI术,静脉组直接行PCI术。比较患者手术后梗死相关血管(IRA)的即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验分级(TIMI)、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)、术后2 h ST段回落百分比、左心射血分数(LVEF)、主要心脏不良事件发生率(MACE)的差异。结果两组PCI术前TIMI血流分级分布情况差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后,冠脉组TIMI血流分级3级高于静脉组,TIMI血流分级分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。两组PCI前后的TMPG级分布差异均不显著(P>0.05),冠脉组术后2 h ST段完全回落率(CR)高于静脉组,ST段回落分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05);PCI术前两组的CTFC值比较差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组比静脉组下降显著(P<0.05)。PCI术后住院期间,两组患者的不良事件发生率、术后血小板(PLT)减少情况比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组的LVEF值显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。结论老年性STEMI患者急诊PCI冠脉应用替罗非班对于改善心肌微循环、心功能有较为显著的作用。     

冠脉内应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死介入治疗心肌灌注及预后的影响

目的 评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中冠脉内应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对术后心肌灌注和6个月随访结果的影响.方法 将178例接受急诊直接PCI治疗的AMI患者随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,比较两组术后即刻病变血管TIMI分级、校正的TIMI计帧数、心肌灌注TMP分级、心电图ST段下降程度,检测术后及6个月随访时NT-proBNP水平,超声心动图测定术后1周及6个月心脏射血分数,记录6个月内心脏主要不良事件.结果 两组术后TIMI 3级获得率无统计学差异,但替罗非班组校正的TIMI计帧数明显低于对照组,术后心肌灌注TMP分级3级血流者显著高于对照组,术后90 min心电图相关导联ST段明显回落者较对照组多,术后NT-proBNP 水平较对照组显著降低;随访6个月时NT-proBNP明显低于对照组,心脏射血分数明显高于对照组(P均<0.05).两组住院期间及6个月内主要心血管事发生率有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 AMI患者急诊直接PCI术中冠脉内应用替罗非班安全有效,可显著改善PCI术后的心肌灌注及临床预后.     

冠状动脉内应用替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果

目的探讨冠状动脉内应用替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取2013年1月—2015年1月柳铁中心医院收治的急性心肌梗死患者96例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,每组48例。两组患者均行急诊PCI,对照组患者常规静脉内应用替罗非班,观察组患者冠状动脉内应用替罗非班。比较两组患者PCI手术前后TIMI血流分级,PCI术后二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、花生四烯酸(AA)、胶原(COL)诱导的血小板聚集率和左心室功能指标〔左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)〕以及近期不良心血管事件(包括PCI术后30 d内发生的心绞痛、心功能不全加重、再梗死、心源性死亡)发生率。结果两组患者PCI术前TIMI血流分级比较,差异无统计学意义(u=0.189,P0.05);观察组PCI术后TIMI血流分级优于对照组(u=5.965,P0.05)。观察组患者PCI术后ADP、AA、COL诱导的血小板聚集率均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者PCI术后LVEF大于对照组,LVEDD、LVESD小于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者近期不良心血管事件发生率为14.59%,低于对照组的39.59%(P0.05)。结论冠状动脉内应用替罗非班有助于改善急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后TIMI血流分级,优化心肌再灌注情况,降低血小板聚集程度,改善左心室功能,减少近期不良心血管事件的发生。     

国产替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗术后冠状动脉血流和心肌灌注影响的研究

目的：急性心肌梗死患者急诊直接经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)术中应用国产血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa 受体拮抗剂替罗非班,评价替罗非班对术后冠脉血流和心肌灌注的影响。方法：2004年8月～2005年5月,共50例接受急诊直接 PCI 治疗的急性心肌梗死患者纳入研究,其中男性34例,女性16例,年龄43～73(60.2±19.1)岁,随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,两组各25例。比较两组间的基础临床状况、造影情况、介入治疗结果以及住院期间随访情况,术后即刻对病变血管行心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)分级、计算校正的 TIMI 计帧数和心肌 Blush 分级。结果：两组一般情况、基础临床情况和造影、介入资料均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。术后 TIMI 3级获得率未见显著性差异(96%和88%,P＞0.05),但替罗非班组的校正的 TIMI 计帧数明显低于对照组(22.8±8.9帧和30.9±3.4帧,P ＜0.05)；而 Blush 3级获得率则显著高于对照组(72.0%和32.0%,P＜0.01)。同时,替罗非班组术后肌酸激酶峰值浓度较对照组低[(1862.9±301.0)IU/L 和(2302.3±582.6)IU/L,P＜0.05],术后90分钟心电图相关导联 ST 段回落幅度较对照组大[(63.2±13.3)%和(40.9±12.9)%,P＜0.05]。两组住院期间主要心血管事件发生率无显著性差异(P ＞0.05)。替罗非班组出血发生率高于对照组,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：初步研究表明,急性心肌梗死患者急诊直接 PCI 术中联合应用国产替罗非班是安全的,可以改善 PCI 术后的冠脉血流和心肌灌注,其对临床结果的影响值得进一步研究。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者冠脉内血流及预后的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者冠脉内TIMI血流的影响。方法选择AMI行PCI患者80例,分为替罗非班组和对照组各40例。比较两组术后TIMI血流级别、住院期间及治疗2个月后主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率及出血情况。结果替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率分别为90.0%和55.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组住院期间及治疗2个月后MACE的发生率分别为7.5%、35.0%,对照组则分别为10.0%、40.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组均无颅内出血等严重出血事件发生。结论替罗非班能明显改善AMI急诊PCI术后TIMI血流状况,降低AMI急诊PCI术后患者MACE发生率,且不增加出血事件。     

GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂对STEMI患者急诊PCI治疗中TIMI血流的影响

目的 探讨ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗中运用血小板糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对患者梗死相关血管血流的影响作用。方法 按照就诊顺序将92例STEMI患者分为试药组和对照组各46例,试药组患者行PCI前1~3 h冠脉内应用替罗非班,对照组直接行PCI,比较两组患者PCI中梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流情况、主要心血管不良事件及预后情况。结果 PCI术前,研究组的TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级（33%）、Ⅱ级（43%）高于对照组的Ⅲ级和Ⅱ级构成比,试药组的TIMI血流分布显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。PCI术后,试药组的TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级（91%）、Ⅱ级（9%）与对照组的Ⅲ级（85%）、Ⅱ级（15%）分布比较接近,两组PCI术后TIMI血流分级比较差异不显著。PCI术前与术后,试药组的TIMI心肌再灌注(TMP)血流分级分布均显著的优于对照组（P<0.05）。PCI术后住院期间,两组患者的主要心血管不良事件发生率、术后左室射血分数值,血小板计数减少情况比较差异均不显著。结论 急诊PCI术前常规应用替罗非班对改善术前梗死血管血流、心肌灌注、术后心肌灌注均有显著作用。     

替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗中无复流现象的疗效

目的探讨冠状动脉内直接注射替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)老年患者介入治疗中无复流现象的临床疗效。方法 2009年8月至2011年4月采用冠状动脉内直接注射替罗非班治疗AMI患者PCI术中出现的无复流现象,并与采用维拉帕米治疗的对照组进行比较,观察TIMI血流分级、TMPG血流分级及cTFC结果。结果观察组患者在注射药物后首次和PCI手术结束前末次冠状动脉造影TIMI 3级血流获得率均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.22、6.48,均P<0.05)。两组患者未用药前cTFC比较无明显差异(t=0.27,P>0.05),而在冠状动脉内注射药物后首次及PCI后末次,两组患者的cTFC均明显减少,而且观察组cTFC均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=7.12、7.57,均P<0.05)。观察组患者在注射药物后首次和PCI手术结束前末次冠状动脉造影TMPG 3级血流获得率均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.39、5.84,均P<0.05)。结论冠状动脉内注射血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班可以增加AMI患者PCI术中发生无复流现象后冠状动脉血流和心肌组织灌注,改善术后梗死相关动脉无复流现象,为AMI患者PCI术中出现无复流现象后的一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

STEMI介入治疗患者急诊提前应用替罗非班的效果及安全性

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前应用替罗非班的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2012年12月至2013年12月我院STEMI接受急诊PCI联合应用替罗非班的患者147例,按照随机数字表法分为急诊替罗非班组(76例,在急诊PCI前开始应用替罗非班)和常规替罗非班组(71例,常规术后使用替罗非班)。比较术前、术后梗死相关血管血流情况、临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率。结果:与常规替罗非班组比较,急诊替罗非班组术前TIMI3级(10.0%比22.4%)与TIMI2级+TIMI3级(23.9%比39.5%)血流比例明显升高(P均0.05);两组术后TIMI3级血流比例、Blush3级和TIMI计帧数获得率均无显著差异(P均0.05);临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急诊提前应用替罗非班可提高ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI前梗死相关血管前向血流。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.