层粘连蛋白受体单克隆抗体对人肺癌细胞生长状态的影响

观察了层粘连蛋白受体单克隆抗体对高转移能力的人肺巨细胞癌系体外培养细胞生长状态的影响。结果显示ＭｃＢ１能明显降低ＰＧ瘤细胞的生长速度。提示肿瘤细胞体外生长的调控与层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）及层粘连蛋白受体（ＬＮ－Ｒ）的作用密切相关。     

大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核和脊髓内离子型谷氨酸受体、GABA_A受体和甘氨酸受体的分布

为了搞清兴奋性和抑制性氨基酸受体在伤害性刺激信息传递和调制初级门户内的精确定位，本研究用免疫组织化学技术观察了大鼠三叉神经尾侧亚核（Ｖｃ）和脊髓内离子型谷氨酸受体（ＮＭ－ＤＡ受体、ＡＭＰＡ受体和Ｋａｉｎａｔｅ受体）、ＧＡＢＡＡ受体和甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）受体的分布。ＮＭＤＡ受体１亚型分布于Ｖｃ和脊髓的各层，ＮＭＤＡ受体２Ａ／Ｂ亚型、Ｋａｉｎａｔｅ受体和ＧＡＢＡＡ受体α亚单位散在性地分布于Ｖｃ和脊髓后角的Ⅰ层，ＧＡＢＡＡ受体α亚单位仅见于Ｖｃ和脊髓Ⅰ层内轴突样结构。ＡＭＰＡ受体、ＧＡＢＡＡ受体β亚单位和Ｇｌｙ受体较密集地分布于Ｖｃ和脊髓的各层，尤其是它们的浅层（Ⅰ和Ⅰ层）。结合机能学研究的结果，讨论了这些受体阳性神经元在伤害性刺激信息传递和调制方面的作用。     

肿瘤碱性蛋白单克隆抗体免疫学特性的研究及其应用

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，建立了４株抗人血清肿瘤碱性蛋白（Ｔｕｍｏｕｒｂａｓｉｃｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ，ＴＢＰ）杂交瘤细胞株（１Ｃ３、４Ｆ４、５Ｆ４、３Ｇ９），并以制备的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）对其抗原决定簇及免疫学特性进行了分析。Ｉｇ亚类测定：均为ＩｇＧ２ａ，腹水效价为１×１０－６～１×１０－８。特异性测定：ＴＢＰＭｃＡｂ与ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ和Ａｌｂ无交叉反应。单抗相加试验证实：５Ｆ４、４Ｆ４和１Ｃ３为识别ＴＢＰ上同一抗原决定簇，３Ｇ９则为识别ＴＢＰ上另一抗原决定簇。分别利用单株和混合株ＭｃＡｂ标酶建立了可应用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定的ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法，并用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定。     

抗人胎盘层粘连蛋白P1单克隆抗体的制备与初步应用

在纯化人胎盘层粘连蛋白Ｐ１段（简称Ｐ１）的基础上，应用杂交瘤技术获得两株抗Ｐ１的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５。两株ＭｃＡｂ均属ＩｇＧ１，同人纤维连接蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原无交叉反应。纯化的腹水ＭｃＡｂ效价分别为６．４×１０－７（３Ａ１５）和２×１０－８（１Ｂ５），分别识别Ｐ１分子上的不同表位。利用ＭｃＡｈ３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ，用于检测Ｐ１的下限为１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，标准曲线在１０～５００ｎｇ／ｍｌ之间呈直线关系。对１００例健康献血员、１８例慢性肝炎患者和１２例肝硬化患者血清Ｐ１的检查结果分别为３３．８±１１．６、６７．３±３１．７和１０７．５±５８．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

分泌抗rHuIL—6McAb杂交瘤细胞系的建立及其应用研究

应用常规方法建立了４株稳定分泌抗重组人ＩＬ－６（ｒＨｕＩＬ－６）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）小鼠杂交瘤细胞系１Ｈ３、２Ａ１０、３Ａ３和４Ｂ１。其中，１Ｈ３为ＩｇＧ２ｂ（Ｋ），２Ａ１０为ＩｇＧ１（Ｋ），３Ａ３和４Ｂ１为ＩｇＧ２ａ（Ｋ）。４株ＭｃＡｂ特异性强，与细胞因子ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－３、ＩＬ－８、ＴＮＦ－α、ＧＭ－ＳＣＦ、ＩＣＡＭ－１，以及受体菌菌体蛋白成分均无交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水ＭｃＡ     

干扰素对人胃癌细胞IAP－2表达的调节

应用基因重组干扰素－ａ和－γ（ＩＦＮ－ａ和－γ）体外诱导三株人胃癌细胞系ＳＧＣ＿（７９０１）、ＭＧＣ＿（８０３）和ＭＫＮ＿（４５），ＡＢＣ－ＣＥＬＩＳＡ法测定诱导组和对照组细胞表面免疫抑制酸性蛋白Ⅱ型（ＩＡＰ－２）的表达量。在基础培养条件下，三株细胞表达ＩＡＰ－２均呈低水平。低浓度（＜１０００ｕ／ｍｌ）ＩＦＮ－ａ或－γ能增加这三株细胞ＩＡＰ－２表达量；而高浓度（＞１０００ｕ／ｍｌ）ＩＦＮ－ａ或－γ反使其ＩＡＰ－２表达量显著减少。这些结果提示：（１）ＩＦＮ－ａ和－γ可能对胃癌细胞ＩＡＰ－２表达呈双向调节作用；（２）癌细胞ＩＭＰ－２表达水平检测作为临床应用ＩＦＮｓ治疗癌症患者的疗效判别指标可能具有一定价值。     

血小板衍生性生长因子对体外培养人肾小球系膜细胞生长的影响

目的观察血小板衍生性生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞（ＭｓＣ）生长、基质合成和分泌以及ｃ┐ｍｙｃ癌基因表达的影响。方法体外培养的ＭｓＣ培养液中掺入５┐溴脱氧尿嘧啶（ＢｒｄＵ）,采用ＢｒｄＵ单克隆抗体免疫组化法检测ＭｓＣ的增殖情况;应用［３Ｈ］脯氨酸掺入酶消化法测定ＭｓＣ细胞内、外胶原蛋白总量;采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法检测纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）、Ⅳ型胶原、核癌基因ｃ┐ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达结果。结果（１）ＢｒｄＵ掺入法的阳性细胞标记指数在对照组为１９．５％,ＰＤＧＦ组为３４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）ＭｓＣ经ＰＤＧＦ作用后,细胞内、外胶原蛋白量分别为２．６９±０．６０％和３．８７±０．６５％,较正常对照组１．２５±０．５０％和１．６１±０．５１％明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３））Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法显示ＰＤＧＦ组细胞的ＦＮ、Ⅳ型胶原及ｃ┐ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ的表达明显高于正常组。结论ＰＤＧＦ不仅可刺激肾小球ＭｓＣ的增殖和胶原蛋白合成,而且可从基因转录水平增加ＦＮ、Ⅳ型胶原及ｃ┐ｍｙｃ癌基因的表达。由此推断ＰＤＧＦ在肾小球疾病的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用     

重组人红细胞生成素单克隆抗体的制备

本文应用常规淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备了４株能稳定分泌抗人重组红细胞生成素（ｒＨｕＥＰＯ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系ＢⅡ１Ｂ５、ＤⅡ６Ｂ９、ＭⅡ１Ｈ４和ＧＩ３Ｅ７。用鼠单克隆抗体分型试剂盒鉴定，其分泌的ＭｃＡｂ的类分别是ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ１和ＩｇＧ２ａ。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定细胞上清的效价为１×１０－２～１．２５×１０－４，腹水效价为１×１０－２～１×１０－８。培养上清经ＥＬＩＳＡ鉴定，与ＩＬ－２、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＦＮ－α等细胞因子均无交叉反应，只与ｒＨｕＥＰＯ特异性结合。     

分泌抗rHuIL－6McAb杂交瘤细胞系的建立及其应用研究

应用常规方法建立了４株稳定分泌抗重组人ＩＬ－６（ｒＨｕＩＬ－６）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的小鼠杂交瘤细胞系１Ｈ３、２Ａ１０、３Ａ３和４Ｂ１。其中，１Ｈ３为ＩｇＧ２ｂ（ｋ），２Ａ１０为ＩｇＧ１（ｋ），３Ａ３和４Ｂ１为ＩｇＧ２ａ（ｋ）。４株ＭｃＡｂ特异性强，与细胞因子ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－３、ＩＬ－８、ＴＮＦ－α、ＧＭ－ＳＣＦ、ＩＣＡＭ－１，以及受体菌菌体蛋白成分均无交叉反应。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ测定小鼠腹水ＭｃＡｂ效价为１０（－６）～１０（－８）。应用识别不同表位的ＭｃＡｂ建立了双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＩＬ－６，敏感性为１００ｐｇ／ｍｌ。初步应用表明可用于临床标本的检测。     

脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马GABA、AchE水平和迟发性神经元损害关系的研究

为探讨海马ＧＡＢＡ、ＡｃｈＥ和迟发性神经元损害（ｄｅｌａｙｅｄｎｅｕｒｏｎａｌｄａｍａｇｅ，ＤＮＤ）的关系，观察了脑缺血／再灌注后大鼠海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量、ＡｃｈＥ活性和海马组织病理改变。发现再灌注５ｍｉｎ，海马亚区ＧＡＢＡ含量显著升高，再灌注１ｈ和６～１２ｈ，ＧＡＢＡ含量明显降低，ＣＡ＿１区更明显。再灌注５ｍｉｎ至１ｈ，海马亚区ＡｃｈＥ活性明显升高。再灌注４８ｈ后，光镜下见海马ＣＡ＿１区神经元出现缺血性改变，提示：（１）再灌注后，ＧＡＢＡ含量减少、海马内源性抑制降低可能是ＣＡ＿１区ＤＮＤ的因素之一。（２）再灌注早期ＡｃｈＥ活性升高，提示Ａｃｈ代谢变化可能和ＤＮＤ有关。（３）再灌注后ＧＡＢＡ和ＡｃｈＥ在海马各亚区的明显改变，提示ＣＡ＿１区选择性易损和递质代谢变化密切相关，而ＣＡ＿１区神经元本身的生理生化特性也起着重要的作用。     

Carcinoma-associated perisinusoidal laminin may signal tumour cell metastasis to the liver

Summary The perisinusoidal space of the liver shows extensive modulation of the extracellular matrix in response to various pathological conditions. We studied perisinusoidal laminin expression immunohistochemically using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in 110 human liver specimens obtained at autopsy. In normal adult liver the perisinusoidal spaces contained only minimal amounts of immunoreactive laminin. In 86% of patients dying from cancer with liver metastasis, however, a distinct increase in the amount of perisinusoidal laminin could be demonstrated. The perisinusoidal space also contained laminin in cancer patients without liver metastasis. In 3 cases of leukaemia sinusoids were laminin negative. In cirrhosis and chronic passive congestion there was, as expected, laminin immunoreactivity in the perisinusoidal space. The results obtained using polyclonal antibodies against laminin were confirmed using chain-specific monoclonal antibodies against B2 laminin. In an ex vivo assay, viable tumour cells (Panc-1 and clone A) were found to bind with remarkable specificity to frozen sections of liver tissue containing perisinusoidal laminin as opposed to liver tissues without laminin. We suggest that this perisinusoidal laminin may directly on indirectly mediate tumour cell metastasis to the liver.     

肺癌细胞与胞外基质选择裱衬表面粘附力学的研究

肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的粘附特性与肿瘤的侵袭转移密切相关,作者力图揭示人肺癌细胞相应的生物力学和生物流变学特征,采用微管吸吮技术定量测定体外培养的低转移人肺腺癌（PAa_)细胞和高转移人肺巨细胞癌（PG）细胞与细胞外基质重要组份胶原蛋白IV和层粘连蛋白（LN）的粘附力学特性。结果表明：与胶原蛋白IV裱衬在的粘附力,在PA,aPG细胞均较裱衬前增加,但在较低胶原浓度（1．00ug/ml,2.00ug/ml)时PAa细胞的粘附力增加幅度大于PG细胞,与LN和固定浓度（2．00ug/ml)胶原蛋白IV的复合裱衬面的粘附力为PAa细胞大于PG细胞,在较低LN浓度,PAa(0.625ug/ml),PG(0.625ug/ml,1.25ug/ml)细胞粘附力相对降低,尤以PG细胞中的降低程度和幅度为大,因此,癌细胞与细胞外基质的粘附和去粘附行为主要通过膜受体介导,从而影响癌细胞生物学特性及侵润转移能力。     

骨桥蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其特异性分析

为了研制骨桥蛋白(OPN)特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),并鉴定其特异性。本研究在毕赤酵母中表达具有良好免疫原性的重组人OPN蛋白的基础上,用重组人骨桥蛋白(rhOPN)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,间接ELISA筛选杂交瘤细胞,并结合免疫印迹对抗体的特异性进行鉴定,通过竞争抑制试验对单克隆抗体识别的抗原位点进行分析。结果共获得4株能够识别OPN不同抗原位点的mAb,亚类测定显示,3株为IgG1,1株为IgG2a。这些mAb能与重组人OPN特异性结合。本研究的四株抗体中,只有4G2B5能够检出与肿瘤转移密切相关的OPN-c的条带,预示该抗体可用于判断肿瘤预后和高转移肿瘤的临床检测。本研究成功获得了针对骨桥蛋白的特异性mAb,同时为进一步研究OPN蛋白的结构和功能提供了重要工具。     

Laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels and epidermal growth factor in lung neuroendocrine carcinoma: a model of a novel cooperative role of laminin-2 and epidermal growth factor in vessel neoplastic invasion and metastasis

Capillaries expressing the laminin alpha2 chain in basement membranes may be considered early developing vessels in normal and neoplastic human tissues. Therefore, we investigated whether up-regulation of this extracellular matrix protein favors transendothelial migration of neoplastic cells and then metastasis. In lung small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which exhibit a stronger metastatic tendency among carcinomas, laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels were more numerous than in carcinoid tumors and supraglottis, breast, and lung non-small cell carcinomas, suggesting a direct relationship between these vessels and metastasis. In vitro studies showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced a more efficient migration of the AE-2 lung neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line through the purified laminin alpha2 chain rather than through the laminin beta1 chain and fibronectin. AE-2 cells constitutively expressed all EGF receptors and the alpha6beta1 integrin, which is one of the laminin alpha2 chain receptors. EGF up-regulated alpha6beta1 expression in several tumors. In this regard, we show that EGF increased the chemo-kinetic migration of AE-2 cells through EAHY endothelial monolayers, which was inhibited by the anti-alpha6 integrin chain monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that laminin alpha2 chain and alpha6beta1 may be mutually involved in EGF-dependent migration of AE-2 cells and that laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels may favor metastasis of EGF-dependent tumors.     

Immunohistochemical characterization of extracellular matrix components of granulosa cell tumor of ovary

In order to clarify the characteristics of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary, extracellular matrix components were investigated by immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty-three granulosa cell tumors (GCT; eight juvenile and 15 adult type) were studied in comparison with non-neoplastic granulosa cells of human ovaries. In all 23 cases of GCT, chondroitin 6-sulfate proteoglycan revealed with antibody 3B3 was characteristically observed in the extracellular matrix in the solid nest, as well as in microfollicles. In the juvenile cases, the extracellular matrix also contained large proteoglycan (PG) revealed with antibody 2B1. Macrofollicles as well as micro-follicles contained PG chondroitin 6-sulfate side chains with a significant amount of chondroitin 4-sulfate. By biochemical analysis using high pressure liquid chromatography, it was also found that disaccharide composition of glycosaminog-lycan fractions extracted from granulosa cell tumor tissues consisted mainly of 2-acetamide-2-deoxyl-3-0-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (δ Di-6S). The characteristic feature of granulosa cell tumors is the accumulation of chondroitin sulfate PG, especially chondroitin 6-sulfate PG, which may be synthesized by the tumor cells themselves. Immunohistochemical characterization of the extracellular matrix components (collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate PG, chondroitin 4-sulfate PG) was also studied in relation to chondroitin 6-sulfate PG localization.     

Augmented expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and extracellular matrix proteins associates with multiple myeloma progression

Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a B cell malignancy, characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are of importance for tumor invasion and metastasis. Protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and fibulin 1, nidogen and laminin in plasma and serum respectively and mRNA levels of these molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined in 80 subjects by using ELISA and quantitative PCR and data was analyzed with severity of disease. Pearson correlation was determined to observe interrelationship between different molecules. A statistical significant increase for ECM proteins (laminin, nidogen and fibulin 1) and uPA at circulatory level as well as at mRNA level was observed compared to healthy controls. The levels of these molecules in serum might be utilized as a marker of active disease. Significant positive correlation of all ECM proteins with uPA was found and data also correlates with severity of disease. Strong association found between ECM proteins and uPA in this study supports that there might be interplay between these molecules which can be targeted. This study on these molecules may help to gain insight into processes of growth, spread, and clinical behavior of MM.     

整合素β1及纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白对胶质瘤细胞浸润性的影响

目的 探讨整合素β1和纤连蛋白（FN）、层粘连蛋白（LN）对人胶质瘤浸润性的影响和作用机制。方法 以U251人胶质母细胞瘤（U251MG）细胞为研究对象,通过细胞黏附实验、迁移实验和体外侵袭实验,检测整合素β1及LN、FN对人恶性胶质瘤细胞黏附、迁移和转移能力的影响。通过荧光染色结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察和扫描电镜方法,观察细胞微丝数量、分布和细胞表面伪足情况,比较整合素β1及FN、LN对微丝骨架的影响。结果 （1）FN对U251MG细胞黏附能力无明显影响,但抗整合素β1抗体可减少U251MG细胞的黏附数量（P〈0．01）;LN增加U251MG细胞黏附能力（P〈0．01）,抗整合素β1抗体对此作用影响较小。（2）抗整合素β1抗体减弱U251MG细胞在FN的运动、迁移能力（P〈0．05）。（3）U251MG细胞内可见清晰的微丝结构,FN、LN使细胞内纤维型肌动蛋白（F-actin）形成束状纤维,粗壮而密集;抗整合素B1抗体处理的细胞内,难以见到清晰的细胞微丝骨架,并常见大量絮团状的F-actin。（4）扫描电镜观察显示,FN、LN使细胞表面的伪足数量明显增加,而抗整合素β1抗体使细胞伪足数量明显减少,甚至消失。（5）FN和抗整合素β1抗体对U251MG细胞的体外侵袭能力无明显影响;LN可促进U251MG细胞的体外侵袭能力,抗整合素β1抗体可抑制这种作用（P〈0．01）。结论 （1）U251MG细胞通过整合素β1和FN相互作用,改变细胞微丝骨架、伪足结构和数量而促进U251MG细胞的运动、迁移能力。（2）整合素β1参与了LN介导的U251MG细胞体外侵袭作用。     

Monoclonal antibodies evoked by the free oligopeptide (Gly)5 reacting specifically with peptidoglycan from staphylococci

Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with the Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PG) epitope (Gly)5 were obtained using the synthetic oligopeptide (Gly)5 in its free form as immunogen. The selected monoclonal antibodies were of the IgM kappa isotype and reacted specifically with PG from S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but gave no reaction with PG from Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Affinity chromatography showed that the antibodies were reactive with the N-terminus of the (Gly)5 peptide. These monoclonal antibodies can be used for the detection of staphylococcal PG in solution.