全髋关节置换术后脱位的防治

目的总结全髋关节置换术（THA）后脱位的危险因素及防治策略。方法查阅近年来全髋关节置换术后脱位的相关文献,分析术后脱位的危险因素及目前的预防策略进展。总结对于反复脱位的病例采用的治疗方式。结果全髋关节置换术后脱位的影响因素是多方面的,包括患者因素、手术因素、假体设计、软组织张力等。防治措施包括辨别患者的风险因素,避免假体组件位置不良,注意髋部的软组织平衡,确保足够的股骨偏心距,恢复髋部的生物力学环境,最大化头、颈率,对于脱位高风险患者,使用限制性髋臼组件。结论针对全髋关节置换术后脱位高危因素采取相应的预防措施,可降低术后脱位的风险。一旦出现脱位,辨别髋关节不稳定的原因,然后有针对性地进行矫正,才能取得治疗的成功。     

全髋关节置换后的康复训练程序

背景：全髋关节置换后的康复训练对置换后患者肢体康复起非常重要的作用。 目的：回顾分析全髋关节置换后康复训练程序的组成、方法、效果评价、发展及存在的问题。 方法：以“全髋关节置换,康复,物理治疗,功能锻炼”为中文关键词,以“total hip arthroplasty;total hip replacement;physical rehabilitation;rehabilitation trainning”为英文关键词,采用计算机检索CNKI和Medline数据库1996-01/2012-02关于全髋关节置换后康复训练的文章。 结果与结论：全髋关节置换后的康复训练内容主要以体位护理、运动疗法为主,并可配合以人工按摩及磁疗、电疗、超声波疗法等。采用运动疗法时,要注意循序渐进原则,由最初的被动运动,逐渐过渡到主动运动。根据手术类型、假体种类、患者情况等选择合适的康复训练程序可明显提高患者患侧髋关节功能恢复的速度和质量。 关键词：全髋关节置换;康复;物理治疗;功能锻炼;综述文献 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.13.037     

人工髋关节脱位失效的生物力学分析与推理(附专家点评)

目的研究人工髋关节置换术后脱位失效力学机理以及在术后各时间段引发脱位的具体原因,提出对临床中发生的脱位事件进行失效诊断的具体方法。方法通过建立脱位模型对脱位过程的生物力学机理进行研究,分析脱位失效与临床、产品设计和患者三方面因素的关系。结果提出脱位分析推理路线图,开发并验证专门用于脱位分析的软件工具。结论髋关节脱位失效临床案例分析表明,该人工髋关节脱位分析方法与工具能够帮助判断具体脱位事件的产生原因,确定假体设计、术中植入位置与脱位事件之间的关系。同时可在术前确定假体最佳植入位置并分析脱位发生的可能风险,对假体设计也有指导作用。     

人工全髋置换联合髋臼造盖治疗先天性髋关节脱位

背景：以往采用单纯的人工关节置换、截骨重建等治疗成人CrownⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位的效果都不是很满意。 目的：探讨人工全髋置换联合髋臼造盖重建治疗成人CrownⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析采用人工全髋置换联合髋臼造盖重建治疗23例成人CrownⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位的患者,其中男2例,女21例,年龄20-35岁,平均(24.26±3.56)岁。重建治疗后按Harrris髋关节功能标准评定术后疗效并进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：23例患者均获得随访,随访时间为12-60个月,平均(26.60±13.16)个月。采用SPSS19.0进行统计学比较后发现,手术前后髋关节功能Harrris评分差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。人工全髋置换联合髋臼造盖能重建髋关节正常结构,缓解疼痛,增加髋关节稳定性,是治疗成人CrownⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位的理想方法。     

Recurrent posterior dislocation following primary posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

In our series of 136 patients with primary total knee arthroplasty using posterior-stabilized prosthesis, a female patient with Parkinson disease developed posterior dislocation of the knee 9 months after surgery. Eventually, the dislocation became recurrent, occurring several times a day. The patient made the reposition always by herself. Two months after the first dislocation, we performed the revision of the polyethylene tibial insert and found wearing of the tibial insert's cam as an hitherto unreported cause of the mechanical instability of the total knee prosthesis.     

Effects upon bone metabolism following total hip and total knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: In a prospective study we evaluated the course of markers for bone formation and bone resorption in patients undergoing elective total hip and total knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. The aim was to evaluate which changes in bone metabolism take place in the immediate postoperative course following arthroplasty. METHODS: Serum and urine samples were obtained preoperatively and in the postoperative course from patients undergoing total arthroplasty over a 90- or 180-day period. The study included a total of 63 patients with cemented hip prostheses (n = 20), uncemented hip prostheses (n = 23) and cemented knee prostheses (n = 20). Different biochemical markers of bone metabolism were assessed including the serum markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and the urine markers n-telopeptide (NTx) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD). RESULTS: For all four markers, there were changes over time which were statistically significant. Markers indicating bone formation were slightly elevated after a 3-month period. In contrast, the two markers indicating bone resorption were back to normal after a 6-month period. There were differences between the groups with cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty in the postoperative course with higher values of the markers indicating bone resorption in the cemented group. However, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the two markers of bone resorption, NTx and DPD, are elevated during the first 6 months after hip and knee arthroplasty. Therefore, during this period they cannot be used as a marker for aseptic loosening. However, if these two markers are still elevated after this period, they may reflect an impaired bone metabolism. Further studies are required to assess the potential value of these markers for the diagnosis of aseptic loosening.     

国产手术导航系统在全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的目的探讨国产手术导航系统辅助全髋关节置换术(THA)的有效性和安全性。 方法选择赤峰市医院骨关节科2021年5月至9月收治的符合入选标准的拟接受THA的患者42例,通过中央随机化系统将患者分为试验组(n＝19)与对照组(n＝23)。2组患者入院后常规行患侧髋关节X线、全骨盆CT等术前相关检查,试验组患者术中应用国产手术导航系统辅助完成THA,对照组患者使用传统手术方法完成THA。2组患者术后常规预防感染、预防下肢深静脉血栓,并行髋关节功能锻炼。记录2组患者手术时间、术中出血量。术后1个月,通过影像学检查测量髋臼假体角度并计算2组患者髋臼假体角度位于Lewinnek安全区的比例。术后1个月,比较2组患者西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)量表评估评分、Harris髋关节评分、SF-36健康调查评分、髋关节活动度、关节脱位率和并发症发生率。数据行独立样本t检验、χ²检验。 结果试验组手术时间为(107.7±25.3) min,较对照组[(80.2±21.7) min]延长,差异有统计学意义(t＝3.791,P<0.05);试验组术中出血量为(281.6±151.1) mL,与对照组[(233.9±117.7) mL]比较,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.149,P＝0.257)。术后1个月,试验组髋臼假体角度位于Lewinnek安全区的比例为94.7%(18/19),与对照组[60.9%(14/23)]比较,比较差异有统计学意义(χ²＝6.579,P＝0.010。术后1个月,试验组组患者WOMAC量表评估评分、Harris髋关节评分、SF-36健康调查评分分别为(13.8±7.3)、(80.9±6.8)、(602.6±69.4)分,与对照组[(14.8±8.3)、(80.3±7.9)、(588.8±114.7)分]比较,差异均无统计学意义(t＝-0.409、0.276、0.458,P＝0.257、0.685、0.784、0.650)。术后1个月,试验组患者髋关节内收(15.3±4.6)°,外展(33.3±7.7)°,内旋(13.7±4.4)°,外旋(23.9±14.4)°,屈曲(100.0±10.8)°,与对照组[内收(15.7±4.6)°、外展(32.8±7.0)°、内旋(12.6±4.7)°、外旋(19.1±8.5)°、屈曲(95.4±12.5)°]比较,差异均无统计学意义(t＝-0.274、0.146、0.759、1.348、1.251,P＝0.785、0.885、0.452、0.185、0.218)。术后1个月,试验组患者术后无关节脱位发生,对照组患者关节脱位率为4.3%(1/23),2组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.000,P＝1.000);试验组并发症发生率为21.1%(4/19),与对照组[13.0%(3/23)]比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.077,P＝0.782)。 结论国产手术导航系统辅助THA较传统THA髋臼假体角度更加精准,安全性更高,但是手术时间相对延长,术后早期临床效果相同。     

全髋关节置换后假体脱位危险因素的最新进展

文题释义：全髋关节置换：是指将人工假体,包含股骨部分和髋臼部分,利用骨水泥和螺丝钉固定在正常的骨质上,以取代病变的关节,重建患者髋关节的正常功能,是一种较成熟可靠的治疗手段。脱位：指关节遭受外力作用,使构成关节的骨端关节面脱离正常位置,引起功能障碍。背景：全髋关节置换后假体脱位是关节外科面临的难题,随着关节外科手术技术的快速发展,术后假体脱位的问题愈发受到重视。国内外研究发现,在术前评估与规划、手术方式以及术后康复中均存在潜在因素导致术后假体脱位的发生,对于相关危险因素的认识越来越全面。目的：概述关于全髋关节置换后假体脱位危险因素的最新研究进展,为临床治疗提供参考。方法：利用计算机检索CNKI、万方、PubMed及Embase数据库1970年1月至2019年9月的相关文章,检索词为“全髋关节置换术,假体,术后脱位,危险因素,total hip arthroplasty,prosthesis,postoperative dislocation,risk factors”。查阅相关文章,最终共纳入77篇文献进行结果分析。结果与结论：①导致全髋关节置换后假体脱位的危险因素包括不全面的术前评估与规划、不合理的手术方式以及不科学的术后康复;②全髋关节置换后假体脱位会严重影响手术效果,因此在术前、术中及术后的各个环节都应采取预防措施,避免脱位的发生。ORCID: 0000-0001-7346-2167(朱东明)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

老年全髋置换者臀大肌及臀中肌的肌力训练

背景：人工全髋关节置换后早期介入功能训练对老年患者髋关节功能恢复有着重要作用。 目的：观察老年人全髋关节置换后臀大肌、臀中肌肌力训练对髋关节功能恢复的影响。 方法：将60例全髋关节置换者分为2组,对照组全髋关节置换后给予常规的功能训练,训练组在常规训练基础上强调臀大肌、臀中肌肌力训练。 结果与结论：置换后16周应用Biodex系统对两组患者臀大肌、臀中肌肌力进行测试,训练组患侧臀大肌、臀中肌肌力分别为健侧的78.13%,75.28%;对照组臀大肌、臀中肌肌力分别为健侧的63.32%,61.32%。训练组Trendelenburg征阳性1例,对照组8例。臀大肌、臀中肌肌力训练组明显优于对照组(P < 0.01)。根据Harris髋关节评分,置换后功能恢复训练组明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示全髋关节置换后早期开展臀大肌、臀中肌肌力训练能够增强髋关节的稳定性,促进髋关节功能恢复。     

陶瓷对陶瓷的全髋关节置换

背景：目前陶瓷制造工艺方面仍在不断改进,陶瓷对陶瓷摩擦界面的假体成为关节外科领域关注的焦点,并取得了良好的临床疗效,然而随着陶瓷对陶瓷摩擦界面假体的广泛应用,出现了假体碎裂和高调摩擦音等一系列问题。 目的：探讨陶瓷对陶瓷全髋关节置换的初期临床疗效。 方法：对常熟市第一人民医院2006年1月至2010年6月间小于55岁行陶瓷对陶瓷全髋关节置换的50例患者进行随访,其中男19例( 20髋),女31例(33髋),平均年龄45岁,随访时间平均20(12-42)个月。置换前后均采用Harris评分进行疗效评估,影像学随访包括髋臼假体外展角和前倾角,假体松动采用Kawamura及Engh标准,骨溶解采用Engh标准,异位骨化依据Brooker法评价。 结果与结论：置换前Harris评分为(48.10±26.33)分,置换后为(91.10±19.78)分。置换后随访无患者有关节异响的主诉,未见假体松动,未发生假体周围感染,无可观察到的磨损和骨溶解,无明显异位骨化。其中,1例因髋臼陶瓷内衬碎裂翻修。可见陶瓷对陶瓷全髋关节置换对于年轻的骨质量较好的患者短期疗效显著,长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

微创全髋关节置换后辅助镇痛下的早期康复训练

背景：施行微创全髋关节置换后患者获得更好的关节功能不仅仅取决于手术,而与置换前关节的活动度、置换后康复锻炼等因素密切相关。 目的：观察辅助镇痛在微创全髋关节置换后早期康复锻炼中的意义。 方法：选择施行微创全髋关节置换的患者42例,随机分为2组,镇痛组在置换后口服塞来昔布下进行早期功能锻炼,对照组不予以止痛药处理。观察镇痛组与对照组目测类比疼痛评分,髋关节功能Harris评分和对手术的整体满意度的差异。 结果与结论：镇痛组置换后7 d内的目测类比疼痛评分明显优于对照组(P < 0.05);镇痛组在置换后6个月内的Harris髋关节功能评分和对手术的整体满意度均明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明辅助镇痛能有效减少置换后患者运动时的疼痛,有效地保证了置换后康复计划的顺利进行,短期内提高了髋关节功能。     

Biomechanics of total hip arthroplasty

The biomechanics of the hip joint provide an understanding of the development, evolution, and treatment of many disabling conditions of this joint. The available methods of biomechanical analysis include in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and theoretical mathematic analyses. The information obtained from these analyses have enabled the design of therapeutic programs to alleviate the symptoms of, and possibly delay the progression of, hip disease. The design of surgical procedures has been based on alterations of the biomechanics of the hip. These procedures have proven useful for treating pathologies such as osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, and hip fractures. The study of biomechanics and biomaterials are integral to the current success of total hip arthroplasty in achieving pain relief and functional restoration. Anat Rec (New Anat) 257:110–116, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

保护股方肌及修复后方软组织对后外侧入路全髋关节置换早期脱位的影响

BACKGROUND: Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty is one of major complications. It is controversial whether posterior soft tissue repair should be carried out during total hip arthroplasty through posterolateral approach and few literatures focus on the protection of quadratus femoris.     

A novel computer-assisted surgical technique for revision total knee arthroplasty

Revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) is a skill-demanding intervention presenting several technical challenges to the surgeon due to bone deficiencies and lack of anatomical references. Computer-assisted navigation systems can potentially solve these problems. An innovative computer-assisted surgical technique for RTKA is presented. The system is image free. Based on anatomical landmarks acquired on the patient, the system automatically plans the intervention, and provides the surgeon with tools to analyse and modify the proposed plan and to accurately reproduce it on the patient. Although we performed few cases with this navigated procedure, early results obtained demonstrated to be very promising.     

Sensitivity of knee soft-tissues to surgical technique in total knee arthroplasty

Restricted range of motion and excessive laxity are both potential complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). During TKA surgery, the surgeon is frequently faced with the question of how tightly to implant the prosthesis. The most common method of altering implantation tightness is to vary the thickness of the polyethylene inlay after the bone cuts have been made and the trial components inserted. We have sought to quantify how altering the polyethylene thickness may affect post-operative soft tissue tension for a range of prosthetic designs.Four different prosthetic designs were implanted into fresh-frozen cadaveric knee joints. All four designs were implanted in the standard manner, with a 100 Newton distraction force used to set soft tissue balance. The tibiofemoral force was then recorded at 15° intervals throughout the passive flexion range. After the standard implantation of each prosthesis, the tibial component was raised or lowered to mimic increasing and decreasing the polyethylene thickness by 2 mm and the force measurements repeated.Tibiofemoral force in extension correlated with implantation tightness for all prosthesis designs. Between 15° and 90°of knee flexion, all four designs were insensitive to changes in implantation tightness. Beyond 90° the effect was more notable in rotating platform mobile-bearing and cruciate-retaining prostheses than in posterior-stabilised mobile-bearing designs.The findings of this research may be useful in assisting surgical decision-making during the implantation of TKA prostheses.     

中年患者128例生物型全髋置换和骨水泥全髋置换后的随访比较

背景：许多学者均认为骨水泥型全髋置换适合应用于年老且合并较严重的骨质疏松患者,生物型全髋置换适用于较为年轻的患者。 目的：对比中年患者生物型全髋置换和骨水泥型全髋置换的临床效果。 方法：对比分析58例骨水泥型全髋置换者与70例生物型全髋置换者置换后6个月、2年及5年的肢体功能恢复与影像学评估结果以及Harris评分,均为40~60岁中年患者。 结果与结论：生物型假体置换后6个月、2年、5年的Harris评分明显优于骨水泥型假体(P < 0.05),5年生存率也高于骨水泥型假体(P < 0.05)。骨水泥型假体置换后6个月,3例发生自发溶骨性疾病,3例2年后发生假体松动,3例5年后发生线性渗透溶;生物型假体置换2年后2例发生自发溶骨性疾病,置换后5年1例发生假体松动。说明生物型假体较骨水泥型假体更能促进中年患者置换后髋关节功能的恢复,减少并发症的发生,至少在5年的随访过程中获得了更令人满意的临床和影像学结果。关键词：生物型假体;骨水泥型假体;全髋关节置换;Harris评分;人工假体 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.17.008     

直接前方入路全髋关节置换术治疗高脱位型髋关节发育不良的临床应用

目的 探讨直接前方入路 (DAA ) 全髋关节置换术 (THA ) 治疗高脱位型髋关节发育不良 (DDH ) 的临床疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016 年 6 月— 2019 年 10 月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院8例采用DAA入路行 THA 治疗的DDH 患者的临床资料。其中男1例、女7例,年龄(61.86±8.49)岁,Crowe Ⅲ型 7例7髋、Crowe Ⅳ 型1例1髋。观察患者手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、住院时间,以及手术并发症情况;术后1周测量患者髋臼杯外展角及前倾角;对比观察术前、术后1周及末次随访时患者双下肢长度差异、髋关节 Harris评分以及中心边缘(CE)角的变化。结果 手术切口长度为(7.56±0.62)cm,手术时间为(108±17.65) min,术中出血量为(205±47.20) mL,术后下床时间为(3.25±0.88)d,住院时间为(5.50±0.76)d。术后1周髋臼杯外展角和前倾角测量值分别为41.40°±4.03°和17.90°±3.27°,均处于安全范围。术前、术后1周和末次随访时,患者双下肢长度差值、Harris 评分和CE角测量值分别为(3.98±0.47)cm、(43.38±9.65) 分、15.86 °± 2.20°,(0.85±0.25)cm、(80.63±4.37)分、37.29°± 2.21°,(0.81±0.20)cm、(80.50±4.75)分、37.17°± 2.07°:术前、术后1周、末次随访时3组数据比较差异均有统计学意义(F=597.814、40.866、150.145, P值均＜0.01),术后1周与末次随访时比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。1例术后出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,未见术中股骨骨折、髋脱位、坐骨神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。结论 采用DAA入路治疗高脱位型DDH患者,手术安全,可以取得良好的临床疗效。     

Biomechanics of total hip arthroplasty.

The biomechanics of the hip joint provide an understanding of the development, evolution, and treatment of many disabling conditions of this joint. The available methods of biomechanical analysis include in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and theoretical mathematic analyses. The information obtained from these analyses have enabled the design of therapeutic programs to alleviate the symptoms of, and possibly delay the progression of, hip disease. The design of surgical procedures has been based on alterations of the biomechanics of the hip. These procedures have proven useful for treating pathologies such as osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, and hip fractures. The study of biomechanics and biomaterials are integral to the current success of total hip arthroplasty in achieving pain relief and functional restoration.     

Improvements to a method for determining leg length following total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Discrepancy in leg length does frequently occur as a side effect of total hip arthroplasty and may lead to reduced patient satisfaction as well as injury in the sequalae. It is consequently important to reduce leg length discrepancy where-ever technically possible. This may be achieved by recording precise intraoperative measurements and using different sized implanted components. The aim of the given study was to improve the accuracy of a previously validated optic measurement system (OMS) to reduce leg length discrepancy. This pre-existing OMS was first trialled and based on these preliminary findings developed further. Using this improved system, measurements were taken in models and cadavers. Inter observer reliability of the improved OMS was assessed. The system is introduced in the given technical feasibility study. Its accuracy was greater in the model setup (swivel joint: 772.7?±?1.5?mm; ball joint: 770.0?±?3.7?mm; reference: 772?mm) compared to the trial using cadaveric tissues (588.8?±?5.7?mm; reference: 586?mm). Results of two examiners were similar. The third one measured significantly shorter values (p=.011). The results of the measurements with the OMS indicate that a significant increase in accuracy (p?=?2.076×¹⁰?⁶) has been achieved compared to the previously reported system, however, a further improvement to measurement accuracy is necessary for this to be applied clinically.