34例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型临床分析

目的：探讨结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型的临床特征,误诊误治原因及影响愈后的因素。方法：回顾性分析34例结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤的临床资料,其中ⅠE局限10例,ⅠE超腔15例,ⅡE6例,ⅣE3例;发生于鼻腔29例,鼻腔外5例;行单一放疗或化疗14例,放疗加化疗综合治疗20例。结果：误诊率58．8％（20／34）,误治率52．3％（18／34）。5年生存率,ⅠE局限组60.0％（6／10）,ⅠE超腔组26．7％（4／15）ⅡE16．7％（1／6）,ⅣE0％（0／3）,各分期生存率均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。其中ⅠE超腔单一治疗6例。5年生存率0％,ⅠE局限组综合治疗2例,5年生存率50％（1／2）。结论：结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型早期临床特征不典型,易误诊误治,确诊依赖病理及免疫组织化学检查。临床分期为影响愈后主要原因,早期诊断和治疗是关键。     

化疗与序贯放化疗治疗鼻型结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效比较

目的：探讨化疗与序贯放化疗治疗鼻型结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效。方法：57例经病理形态学及免疫组织化学检查确诊的鼻型结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤患者,随机分为化疗组和放化疗组。化疗组23例患者交替应用CHOP方案、VDLP方案和MEOP方案各2个疗程后进人临床观察;放化疗组34例患者除上述化疗外,均应用直线加速器进行原发部位的三维适形放疗。结果：①治疗结束时,化疗组治疗总有效率为87．0％,放化疗组总有效率为91．2％,2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;②2组患者随访1年的总有效率分别为73．9％和76．5％,2组仍无明显差异（P〉0．05）;③2组患者随访3年和5年的无病生存率分别为61．3％,47．6％和43．5％,21．4％,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;④治疗模式与长期生存密切相关;⑤发热、消瘦、盗汗等全身症状、中晚期（Ⅲ、IV期）、国际预后指数、功能状态评分均与预后相关,且均为独立的预后因素。结论：序贯放化疗治疗鼻型结外NK／T细胞淋巴瘤较单纯化疗疗效明显,可以显著改善长期生存率。     

T3和T4期梨状窝癌的综合治疗

目的评价不同治疗方式治疗梨状窝癌T3、T4病变的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析了1974年1月-1999年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科初治的287例T3、T4梨状窝癌患者。根据治疗方式，分为4组：单纯放疗组（Ra组）134例，平均放疗剂量68．8Gy；术前放疗加手术组（R＋S组）125例，平均术前放疗剂量45．5Gy，其中32例行喉功能保留手术；单纯手术组（Sa组）13例，全部为非喉功能保留手术；手术加术后放疗组（S＋R组）15例，全部为非喉功能保留手术，平均术后放疗剂量56．3Gy。结果Kaplan-Meier方法计算Ra组、R＋S组、Sa组和S＋R组的5年生存率分别为23．13％、46．51％、18．33％和44．44％。综合治疗（R＋S组和S＋R组）与单纯治疗（Ra组和Sa组）的5年生存率分别为46．22％和22．60％，两组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．000）。Cox模型对生存时间的多因素分析显示，对生存时间有影响的是治疗模式（P=0．000）和放疗效果（P=0．0070）Ra组、R＋S组、Sa组和S＋R组的喉功能保存率分别为14．08％、13．61％、0和0。Ra组、R＋S组、Sa组和S＋R组的并发症的发生率分别为14．93％、37．60％、53．84％、33．33％。结论术前放疗有助于T3、T4梨状窝癌患者喉功能的保留。     

Ⅰ E期鼻T/NK细胞淋巴瘤临床观察

目的探讨ⅠE期鼻T/NK细胞淋巴瘤的诊断、误诊原因及不同治疗方法及其对患者预后的影响。方法60例ⅠE期患者行单纯放疗9例,单纯化疗11例,放疗加化疗9例,化疗加放疗12例,化疗加放疗加化疗19例。结果全组1,3,5年生存率分别为84.55%、50.59%、26.20%。其中ⅠE局限组1,3,5年生存率分别为100.00%、77.78%、59.83%,ⅠE超腔组1,3,5年生存率分别为80.10%、53.83%、14.58%,两组间差异有显著性(P=0.0008)。单纯化疗组及单纯放疗组1,3,5年生存率分别为75.00%、25.00%、0.00%及63.64%、21.21%、0.00%,两组间差异无显著性;放化组及化放组1,3,5年生存率分别为88.89%、66.67%、22.22%及90.91%、63.64%、34.09%,两组间差异无显著性;化放化组1,3,5年生存率分别为100.00%、84.21%、56.14%,与放化组及化放组差异无显著性。单纯化疗组、单纯放疗组与放化组及化放组间差异有显著性(P=0.0097)。各组间比较差异有显著性(P=0.0004),生存曲线显示,化放化组优于其他组。结论ⅠE鼻T/NK细胞淋巴瘤早期临床表现不典型,易误诊;综合治疗宜作为首选,早期治疗是关键,以尽早达到局部控制。     

原发性鼻腔非霍奇金氏恶性淋巴瘤临床特征研究

目的：探讨原发性鼻腔非霍奇金氏恶性淋巴瘤的临床特点。方法：对14例病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析并分析其误诊原因，结果：平均年龄55．8岁，男女比例1．8：1，临床表现包括鼻塞，多涕，鼻血，头痛及发热等。按Ann Arbor分期，IE期13例（Ⅰ期超腔6例），ⅡE（期1例）有B组症状者6例。11例行免疫组织化学检查，8例为T细胞性（CD56），1例B细胞性，2例T／NK细胞性。9例病人（64％）被误诊，误诊的主要原因为：（1）对疾病认识不足；（2）病理误诊或者取材不当；（3）检查不仔细。化疗、放疗或者两者结合治疗，完全缓解（CR）11例，部分缓解（PR）3例；利用Kaplan-Meier进行统计，5年生存率为57．1％。结论：鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤主要为T细胞性，颈淋巴结转移率低，鼻塞及鼻出血是两个最主要的临床表现，临床上应注意提高对该疾病的识别，防止误诊。     

59例晚期声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌治疗和临床疗效分析

目的：比较手术加辅助放疗与单纯手术治疗晚期声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌的疗效。方法：将59例晚期声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌按治疗方法分为手术＋放疗组（33例）和手术组（26例）。手术＋放疗组全喉切除27例,部分切除6例,其中27例行侧颈淋巴结清扫术;手术组全喉切除23例,部分切除3例,其中24例行侧颈淋巴结清扫术。结果：手术＋放疗组和手术组的3年总生存率分别为62．6％和62．6％,5年总生存率分别为43．8％和40．5％,经Log—rank检验两组之间的生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。手术＋放疗组5例复发,复发率15．2％;手术组10例复发,复发率38．5％,两组的复发率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：手术加辅助放疗未能提高晚期声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌3、5年总生存率,但明显降低肿瘤复发率。     

上颌窦癌的治疗──254例临床分析

回顾1975～1991年间收治的254例上颌窦癌患者在不同治疗情况下，包括放疗、化疗、手术，单纯或综合治疗下的局部控制和生存情况。病例随访5年或至死亡，失访者按死亡计。统计学方法用U检验。结果：本组总的局部控制率为59．1％，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为71．4％、60．5％和54.6％，以R＋S，A＋R＋S的局部控制率为最高，分别为80．0％和92．0％。治疗失败原因多为局部复发。总的3、5年生存率分别为44．1％，35．0％，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的5年生存率分别为53．6％、35．3％、30．9％。R＋S和A＋R＋S的5年生存率为54．0％、56．0％，较其它治疗方法为高。上颌窦癌的治疗以计划性的综合术前放、化疗加手术的疗效为最好，早期发现和局部控制是治疗成功的关键。     

鼻咽喉非霍奇金淋巴瘤64例临床分析

［摘要］目的：探讨鼻咽喉非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊断、治疗和预后。方法:回顾分析鼻咽喉非霍奇金淋巴瘤64例的临床资料,评价影响淋巴瘤的预后因素。结果:本组64例中,T细胞淋巴瘤29例,NK/T细胞淋巴瘤16例,B细胞淋巴瘤16例,3例未分型。Ann Arbor分期：Ⅰ期31例,Ⅱ期21例,Ⅲ期11例,Ⅳ期1例。25例行化疗,27例行化疗加放疗,5例行放疗。3年总生存率为67.24％,单纯化疗的3年生存率和化疗加放疗的3年生存率差异无统计学意义（P＝0.07）。单因素分析表明,Ann Arbor分期、国际预后指数（IPI）、一般状况和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）是影响预后的因素。多因素Cox回归模型分析表明,仅IPI是影响预后的独立因素。结论:鼻咽喉非霍奇金淋巴瘤以鼻和鼻窦T细胞淋巴瘤多见,化疗加放疗并未改善疗效,IPI是判断预后的独立指标。     

放化疗联合治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的：探讨放化疗交替疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析106例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者临床资料。单纯放疗15例;91例接受PF方案为基础的诱导化疗和（或）辅助化疗,其中诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗36例,诱导化疗加放疗25例,放疗加辅助化疗30例。诱导化疗1～2周期,辅助化疗3～6周期。放疗于诱导化疗结束后第1天进行,辅助化疗在放疗结束后1周开始进行。鼻咽原发灶采用60Co,常规分割照射68-74Gy,颈部根治量60～70Gy,颈部预防量48～50Gy,每组均完成根治量放疗。结果：中位随访时间51个月,58例患者死亡,全组总生存率为45．3％。单纯放疗、诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗、诱导化疗加放疗、放疔加辅助化疗的5年总生存率分别为33％、63％、60％、50％,无瘤生存率分别为13％、56％、48％、40％,无局部复发率分别为13％、53％、48％、50％,无远处转移率分别为6％、50％、44％、47％,均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各组发生复发、转移的中位时间分别为22、29、28、25个月;10、19、15、12个月,均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗组急性毒性反应较其他组重,但未影响治疗进程,患者均可耐受。结论：诱导化疗和辅助化疗联合尽早开始的放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效较好,不良反应轻,适合局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的综合治疗。     

鼻(鼻型) NK-T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗方法探讨

目的：探讨鼻(鼻型)NK—T细胞淋巴瘤的有效治疗方法。方法：对我院1993—2000年收治的21例经病理或病理加免疫组化诊断为鼻(鼻型)NK—T细胞淋巴瘤的患者行单纯放疗或放疗加化疗。结果：随访1—8年,单纯行放疗的3例患者及8例行放疗加化疗的患者达到完全缓解(CR),54．4％;6例行放疗加化疗的患者达到部分缓解(PR),28．5％;4例行放疗加化疗的患者病情进展(PD),19．1％。PD者中3例出现肺、肝转移,2例随访3年后死于全身衰竭,9．5％。结论：鼻(鼻型)NK—T细胞淋巴瘤预后较差,综合治疗宜作为首选。     

Clinical analysis of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the sinonasal tract

We investigated the clinical analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the sinonasal tract, including the survival rate and treatment outcome. Fifty patients who had previously received a diagnosis of extranodal NHL of the sinonasal cavity from May 1992 to April 2001 were included. We reviewed the patients' clinical characteristics and the survival rates, retrospectively. Of 50 patients, 49 were classified as having extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and only one patient as having diffuse large B cell (DLBC) lymphoma according to the new WHO classification. Even though higher mortality rates were observed in patients receiving chemotherapy alone than in those receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the advanced stage, the combination treatment of chemotherapy and radiation therapy failed to demonstrate a significantly higher survival rate.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤34例临床治疗经验

目的 探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断、治疗及预后。方法 回顾分析1958～1998年收治的34例嗅神经母细胞瘤患者的临床资料。根据Kadish分期：A期1例，B期9例，C期24例。治疗方法：单纯手术3例，单纯放射治疗9例，综合治疗22例。综合治疗包括手术结合放射治疗15例，放射治疗结合化学治疗4例，手术结合放射、化学治疗3例。结果 5年生存率为47．1％(16／34)，其中A期100％(1／1)，B期88．9％(8／9)，C期29．2％(7／24)；单纯手术生存率为33．3％(1／3)，单纯放射治疗生存率为33．3％(3／9)，综合治疗生存率为54．5％(12／22)。局部控制率和远处转移率分别为61．8％(21／34)和32．4％(11／34)。10例死于远处转移，5例死于局部复发。早期(A、B期)患者的生存率好于晚期患者(C期)(χ^2=8．174，P=0．004)，年轻患者(≤30岁)的远处转移率较高(χ^2=3．865，P=0．049)，预后较差(χ^2=4．194，P=0．041)。结论 早期发现和综合治疗对改善生存率有重要意义。术前放射治疗加手术有助于提高嗅神经母细胞瘤的局部控制率。远处转移是影响预后的主要因素。     

Recurrence of cancer of the paranasal sinuses after primary treatment--analysis of conditions and results of salvage treatment

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: is to demonstrate epidemiological and clinical parameters of the group of patients with sinonasal malignancies and to analyze its impact on development of recurrences after primary surgical treatment conducted in Head and Neck Surgery Department of Holly Cross Cancer Center Kielce during 7-years period 2001-2007. The retrospective analysis of the group of 42 patients with sinonasal malignancies was made, based on medical record and outpatient follow-up, considering: age, sex, primary focus, histological outcome, local and clinical stage and methods of the therapy. In the group of patients with at least 3-years period of follow-up (n=42) the dependence the rate of oncological failures such as local recurrence, nodal metastases, distant metastases or the second primary focus on clinical and epidemiological factors was analyzed. The probability of survival rate was also estimated. The studied group consists of 42 patients (27M, 15K, M:K = 1.8:1). Age ranged from 28 to 87. The most common localization was maxillary sinus--59.5%. Patients with high local (T3, T4) and clinical (III, IV) stage constitute 77.5% of the studied group. In 66.7% cases the radiation therapy had to follow the surgery. In the group of 42 patients with at least 3-years period of follow-up the oncological failure appeared in 17 cases (40.5%): local recurrence (8), nodal metastases (7), distant metastases (1) and all of them in 1 case. The treatment was performed through: local recurrence (surgery in 2 cases, CHTH--3, symptomatic treatment--3), nodal metastases (RND--3, SND--4, supplementary radiotherapy--7), distant metastases--CHTH--2 cases. Thanks to these procedures the 5-year survival rate is 23.1% and the 3-year survival rate is 29.4%. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The oncological failure after primary surgical treatment in the group of patients with sinonasal malignancies developed in 40.5% cases, mainly as local recurrence or nodal metastases. (2) Primary localization and sex have no impact on the rate of the recurrence. (3) The oncological failures significantly more often relate to young patients with high local, clinical stage and low grade of malignancies. (4) The recurrence after primary surgical treatment in the group of patients with sinonasal malignancies substantially reduces 3- and 5-year survival rate (29.4%; 23.1%) compared with the entire studied group--54.8%; 40.0%.     

联合治疗晚期上颌窦癌121例报告

目的：探讨化疗,放疗与手术联合治疗晚期上颌窦癌的可行性。方法：术前放疗和手术６１例,术前化疗和手术６０例,放疗采和直线加速器和（或）＾６０Ｃｏ,剂量为４０￣６０Ｇｙ。化疗采用ＤＯＰ（顺氯氨铂加长春新碱加平阳霉素）方案。结果：放疗和手术组３年和５年生存率分别为３６．１％和３１．１％,化疗和手术组分别为３５％和３０％。结论;术前化疗加手术是治疗晚期上颌窦癌的可行性方法,且化疗能反复应用,提高手术效果。     

Lymphoma of the head and neck

The natural history of 88 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck were reviewed. An analysis is presented of the histopathologic, clinical, and prognostic features of these patients which presented to the Washington University Affiliated Hospitals between 1955-1975. All biopsies were histologically classified according to the criteria of Rappaport and staged accordingly to the Ann Arbor Classification. There were 38 histiocytic lymphomas, 29 poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, 16 well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, and 5 mixed lymphomas. The lesions were equally divided between Waldeyer's ring and other head and neck sites. Most of the lymphomas were extranodal in presentation. Sixty-one percent of all cases presented with disease localized to the site of origin; 17% had extension to regional nodes and 21% had generalized disease (Stage III and IV). In terms of treatment, localized well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was treated with radiation therapy. Generalized well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Most patients with histiocytic and poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma limited to the site of origin were treated with radiation and all others with combined therapy. Over 90% of patients with Stage I disease were considered cured at the end of three years while the overall survival was 72%.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in multiple synchronous head and neck and esophagus squamous cell carcinomas.

A consecutive series of 22 patients with multiple synchronous squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract was retrospectively reviewed. These patients were treated initially with cis-platinum combination chemotherapy before definitive locoregional therapy (surgery and/or radiation therapy). Sixteen of 21 patients had simultaneous head and neck and esophageal primaries, 3 patients had multiple synchronous head and neck primaries, 2 patients had head and neck (HN) and a bronchial epidermoid cancer, and 1 patient had simultaneous esophageal and bronchial carcinomas of epidermoid lineage. Sixteen (77%) of the 21 patients responded to chemotherapy in all the tumor sites evaluated, and a clinically complete response was obtained in 6 (29%). After definitive locoregional treatment, the complete local control rate was 68%, with 34 complete responses for 50 primary tumor sites in 21 patients. Twelve patients were free of disease after locoregional treatment. Six patients are still alive 27 to 57 months after complementary definitive locoregional treatment and a minimum follow-up of 27 months. Median survival for the overall group is 17 months. The response to chemotherapy is remarkable, which may be due to the small tumoral volume present in many of the cases (T1 to T2). Nevertheless, the present report stresses the importance of an aggressive combined therapeutic approach in this difficult clinical situation.     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌60例临床分析

目的 总结上颌窦鳞癌的临床特点及治疗方法对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院头颈外科1994年1月至2004年12月60例初治的上颌窦鳞癌患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同分为单纯放疗组,术前放疗+手术(radiotheraphy+surgery,R+S)组以及同步放化疗+手术治疗(concurrent cherho-radio-therapy+surgery,CCR+S)组.其中单纯放疗组22例,R+S组29例,CCR+S组9例.结果 单纯放疗组5年的生存率为18.2%,综合治疗组总的5年的生存率分别为47.4%,其中R+S组的5年的生存率为51.7%,CCR+S组5年生存率为33.3%,综合治疗组与单纯放疗组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=9.49,P<0.01),单纯放疗组与R+S组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=15.62,P<0.01).R+S组与CCR+S组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.28,P<0.05).结论 R+S综合治疗是上颌窦鳞癌的主要治疗方式,积极采取R+S综合治疗方式可有效延长患者的生存期提高生存率.CCR+S的治疗方式在上颌窦鳞癌治疗中的作用有待进一步观察.     

Squamous cell carcinomas of the aryepiglottic fold: Therapeutic results and long-term follow-up

Three hundred fifteen patients with squamous cell carcinomas involving the aryepiglottic (A-E) folds were treated between January 1964 and December 1991. The age ranged from 39 to 87 years (mean, 62.4 years; median, 61.3 years) and the male-to-female ratio was 5:1 (54 women and 261 men). Symptom duration prior to diagnosis was 4.8 months. Eighty percent of patients had T3 and T4 lesions and 56.3% had neck metastases at presentation. Six patients (1.8%) had distant metastases and were excluded from this study. Clinically the tumors presented as either exophytic infiltrating lesions which were confined to the A-E fold (n = 57) or mucosally spreading tumors which extended to the lateral supraglottis or pyriform sinus (n = 258). Prior to 1978 preoperative radiation (3000 to 5000 cGy) was used. Higher doses of postoperative radiation (5000 to 6000+ cGy) were used thereafter. After 1982 the use of myocutaneous flaps for closure of partial laryngopharyngectomy defects was routine. Almost all NO neck disease was treated by radiation or surgery. Combined therapy was used in N1-N3 disease. One quarter of the patients had single-modality therapy (25.7%; 81 patients) with a cumulative 5-year disease-free survival of 53%. The remainder of the patients (n = 234) had combined therapy with a cumulative 5-year survival of 67.2%. The latter group had 163 conservation surgeries and 121 total laryngectomy resections. The 5-year disease-free survival for preoperative radiation with surgery (68%) and postoperative radiation with surgery (64%) was similar. Those treated by radiation alone had a 34% 5-year disease-free survival and those treated with surgery alone had a 61% 5-year disease-free survival. The cumulative locoregional control rate was 77%. The cumulative disease-free survival at 5,10,15, and 20 years is 66%, 57%, 55%, and 55%, respectively. Infiltrating tumors had a better disease-free survival (by more than 10%) than spreading tumors. The 5-year survival rates were separated well by clinical stages of tumors. In patients with T1 tumors the 5-year survival was 87%; in those with T2 tumors, 80%; in those with T3 tumors, 78%; and in those with T4 tumors, 41%. The survival rate was greater in those with NO tumors than in those with N+ tumors by 25% and greater in those with N1 tumors than in those with N2 + N3 tumors by an additional 18%. The overall complication rate was 26% and in 7.7% these were fatal. The salvage rate after single-modality therapy was equal for radiation and surgery (66.7%) and after combined therapy was better for surgery 53% (19/36) than radiation 24% (10/41). An incidence of distant metastases (16%), second primary tumors (8%), and death from intercurrent disease (11%) was documented. On a selected basis small T1N0 or T2N0 lesions can be treated equally well with single-modality therapy (>80%), but larger lesions or neck metastases require combined therapy with higher doses of postoperative radiation. Postoperative radiation reduced the complication rate and treatment-related fatalities, and increased the locoregional control and overall cure rates.     

Results of surgical and combined (surgery and radiotherapy) treatment in carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx--20 years experience of the ENT Department, District Hospital in Kielce

The epidemiological characteristic of 940 patients with carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx, treated from 1978 to 1997 was presented, as well as the results obtained in this group with surgical and combined (surgery + rtg-therapy) treatment. There was a prevalence--75.2% of highly advanced cases (III degrees + IV degrees). The 65.6% of patients had been treated by surgery alone, and the remaining had received additional rtg-therapy after surgery. The 3-years survival rate had been achieved in 77.8%, and 5-years survival in 61.7% of the whole group. The analysis of the survival rates had proved the significant differences depending mainly to localisation of primary tumour, and clinical advancement stage of the disease.