肝硬化门脉高压性胃病与幽门螺杆菌关系的探讨

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压性胃病(PHG)与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的关系及临床意义。方法对72例PHG和50例慢性胃炎患者进行了胃镜、病理检查和Hp检测,并进行对比分析。结果伴有PHG 的肝硬化门脉高压患者的Hp感染率为23.07%,不伴有PHG者为25.0%,两者差异无显著性(P>0.05), 轻度PHG患者Hp感染率为23.80%,重度为20.0%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。门脉高压患者的Hp感染率显著低于慢性胃炎组(23.60%比72.0%,P<0.01),但门脉高压患者慢性活动性胃炎的发生与Hp的感染密切相关,活动性胃炎的Hp感染率(53.84%)比非活动性胃炎Hp感染率(16.94%)显著升高(P< 0.01)。结论肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的Hp感染率降低,可能与肝硬化患者胃内环境不适合Hp的生存有关。门脉高压患者胃黏膜的活动性炎症,可能是由Hp感染引起,与肝硬化门脉高压关系不大。     

肝硬化门脉高压症患者的十二指肠损害

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压症患者十二指肠损害的发生率及其与肝硬化病程、门脉高压性胃病、肝功能分级的关系。方法对72例肝硬化门脉高压症患者进行胃镜检查,观察十二指肠粘膜病变,同时检测14C呼气试验。另选72例接受胃镜检查的非肝硬化门脉高压患者为对照组。结果肝硬化门脉高压症患者十二指肠糜烂发生率为41.7%,随肝硬化病程延长和肝功能分级差而增高,而幽门螺杆菌感染率与对照组无显著性相差(P>0.05)。糜烂主要发生于十二指肠降部,糜烂轻重程度与肝功能分级无关(P>0.05)。结论肝硬化门脉高压症患者十二指肠糜烂与非特异性十二指肠炎不同,是门脉高压导致十二指肠的一种病变。     

肝硬化门脉高压性胃病与幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)在肝硬化门脉高压性胃病(PHG)发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法随机选取肝硬化患者57例,行上消化道内镜检查,采用快速尿素酶试验、Warthin-Starry银染色及抗Hp-IgG法测定来判断Hp感染。结果肝硬化门脉高压组Hp感染率为31.3%,显著低于慢性胃炎组(65.5%,P<0.05)和消化性溃疡组(83.3%,P<0.05);Hp感染和肝功能Child-Pugh分级无显著性相关(P>0.05);Hp感染率随食管静脉曲张程度的增加而下降(无食管静脉曲张者Hp阳性率为57.1%,有食管静脉曲张者Hp阳性率为21.0%,P<0.05;轻度食管静脉曲张者Hp阳性率为32.4%,中重度食管静脉曲张者Hp阳性率为10.75%,(P<0.05)。结论Hp感染不是PHG的主要致病因素;肝硬化门脉高压影响Hp感染率;Hp感染与患者肝功能分级无关。     

肝硬化患者中幽门螺杆菌感染的研究

目的 研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp)在肝硬化患者中的感染情况。方法 肝硬化组656例，对照组600例，接受胃镜检查，采用血清学方法，快速尿素酶试验，组织学染色进行Hp检测。结果 肝硬化组Hp感染率为70％，对照组为71％。两者比较无显著性差异，而在肝硬化组中Hp阳性患者的消化性溃疡发生率，门脉高压性胃病发生率及严重程度，上消化道出血率均高于Hp阴性组。结论 在肝硬化患者中Hp感染可能与消化性溃疡，门 脉高压性胃病及上消化道出血的发生相关。     

胃十二指肠疾病幽门螺杆菌检出的意义

目的:研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与消化性溃疡及慢性胃炎致病的关系。方法:因胃十二指肠疾病而做胃镜的患者,采取胃粘膜进行组织快速检菌,一分钟尿素酶(1min UT)试验和血清间接免疫荧光法进行检菌分析。结果:对5000例胃及十二指肠疾病Hp的组织检出率为88.1％。1min UT阳性率为62.9％,两种检菌法有显著差异(P<0.01)。十二指肠溃疡Hp检出为96.0％,胃癌和萎缩性胃炎Hp感染率为50.0％和59.2％,而1min UT只有41.5％阳性率。结论:胃癌和萎缩性胃炎均有粘膜层萎缩,腺体减少、粘液分泌功能降低,Hp茵不能适应强酸环境下生存。十二指肠溃疡和慢性胃炎多伴引起幽门口水肿和幽门变型,胃排空减缓。是导致Hp茵高检出率的重要因素。     

肝硬化门脉高压非曲张静脉破裂出血

目的 探讨肝硬化门脉高压(PVH)非曲张静脉破裂出血病因及与年龄、门脉高压程度之间的关系，分析其发病机理。方法选择经内镜证实肝硬化门脉高压非曲张静脉破裂出血97例，纪录内镜检查结果、静脉曲张程度、胃粘膜损害情况，并取病理活检、Hp检查，评定肝功能情况。结果门脉高压性胃病(PHG)占58．76％，溃疡病占39．18％，其中胃溃疡19．50％，十二指肠疡16．5％，复合性溃疡3．09％，不明原因2．06％，Hp感染率37．11％，随年龄增大，门脉高压程度增加，非曲张静脉性出血递增，出血量可以很大，以PHG居多，其产生机理认为主要与胃粘膜淤血、动静脉短路建立与开放、粘膜缺氧及PGE降低等有关，而与Hp感染关系不大。讨论肝硬化门脉高压时主要因PHG或溃疡导致出血，以PHG居多，其产生机现认为主要与门脉高压、胃粘膜淤血、动静脉短路建立与开放、粘膜缺氧、PGE2降低等有关，而与Hp感染关系不大。     

煤矿工人幽门螺杆菌感染的传播途径

煤矿工人是一个较特殊的职业人群,特殊的工作环境和生活方式形成了特有的疾病谱,胃十二指肠疾病,尤其是胃癌,是严重危害广大煤矿工人的一类疾病。Hp感染与胃十二指肠疾病的关系非常密切,但Hp的传播机制尚不完全清楚,目前,有关Hp感染的传播途径的研究多是针对一般人群的研究,特别缺少对煤矿工人Hp感染的传播途径的进一步的研究。为此,我们进行了煤矿工人Hp感染的传播途径的Westernblots研究,为煤矿工人Hp感染导致的胃十二指肠疾病的防制提供一些依据。现将分析结果报告如下。     

肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压性肝病相关因素的临床研究

为探讨肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压性胃病(PHG)形成的相关因素,对68例肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压患者按胃镜下有无PHG分组对照研究,比较两组患者性别、年龄、实验室检查、B超及胃镜检查资料。发现两组的肝功能分级、门静脉内径、食管静脉曲张程度差异有显著性(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、血氨水平及脾静脉内径无相关性(P>0.05)。PHG组幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染率较对照组低(P<0.05)。     

进展期胃癌根治术（毕Ⅱ式）后幽门螺旋杆菌感染情况及药物干预的临床效果观察

目的观察进展期胃癌根治术(毕Ⅱ式)对幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染的影响及药物干预的临床效果。方法 103例可行根治性远端胃癌切除术的胃癌患者,采用胃镜活组织病理、13C尿素呼气试验(UBT)检测Hp感染,在进行胃癌根治手术(毕Ⅱ式)术后继续监测Hp感染状态,同时胃镜观察吻合口、残余胃组织,诊断是否存在吻合口炎、吻合口糜烂、吻合口溃疡、慢性胃炎及糜烂、胃黏膜肠化等病理改变,随访患者消化道症状。对术后4周仍存在Hp感染者60例随机分为两组,对照组30例给予临床观察,实验组30例给予根除Hp治疗;术后随访观察3年,术后每6个月随访胃镜、CT,记录消化道症状和胃镜结果,检查肿瘤是否复发转移。结果该组胃癌患者术前Hp感染率为73.8%(76/103),术后4周残胃Hp感染率58.3%(60/103),术后6个月Hp持续感染率为41.7%(43/103),术后6个月内残胃吻合口溃疡发生率为11.7%(12/103),吻合口炎发生率为80.0%(82/103)。其中,实验组(抗Hp治疗组)Hp根除率高于对照组(P0.05);实验组残胃炎发生率低于对照组(P0.05),实验组残胃癌复发率、吻合口溃疡发生率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌术后Hp持续阳性患者残胃癌发生率与Hp阴性患者相比有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论进展期胃癌根治术后残胃Hp感染率下降,对于术后残胃Hp感染持续阳性者,抗Hp治疗可改善其症状,是否降低残胃复发率及残胃癌发生率,仍需扩大病例进行观察总结。     

患者胃肠引流液中幽门螺杆菌的检出及VitC含量测定

目的探讨胃肠引流液中幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,Hp)的检出率及患者VitC水平。方法用PCR技术、细菌培养、快速尿素酶试验检测胃肠引流液中的Hp,用反相液相色谱法检测患者胃肠引流液及血浆中VitC含量。结果282例患者胃肠引流液中Hp检出率为411%(116/282),PCR、细菌培养及快速尿素酶试验阳性率分别为429%(121/282)、113%(32/282)、411%(116/282)。胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、复合溃疡、胃癌、急性肠梗阻、急性胆囊炎及门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者Hp检出率分别为546%(30/55)、522%(24/46)、583%(7/12)、482%(27/56)、222%(8/36)、276%(16/58)、211%(4/19),差异具显著性(P<001)。胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、复合溃疡、胃癌Hp阳性患者与Hp阴性患者血浆及胃肠引流液VitC浓度相比,差异均具有显著性(P<001)。结论胃肠引流液中可检出Hp,且能分离培养出活菌;PCR技术是一种敏感、有效的检测胃引流液中Hp的方法。Hp感染人体后引起胃肠引流液及血浆中VitC含量的减少,可能与胃十二指肠疾病的发生有关。     

Portal vein arterialization technique for liver transplantation patients

Liver transplantations were performed on two patients with hepatic failure caused by liver cirrhosis. Hard obsolete thrombi and portal venous sclerosis were observed in the major portal veins of both patients. The arteria colica media of one recipient and the portal vein of the donor were anastomosed end-to-end. The hepatic artery of the first donor was anastomosed end-to end with the gastroduodenal artery of the first recipient; meanwhile, the portal vein of the second donor was simultaneously anastomosed end- to-end with the common hepatic artery of the second recipient. The blood flow of the portal vein, the perfusion of the donor liver and liver function were satisfactory after surgery. Portal vein arterialization might be an effective treatment for patients whose portal vein reconstruction was difficult.     

Effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Case series

Rationale:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is well established as an effective treatment tool for portal hypertension. However, the effects of TIPS in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension have not been adequately verified in clinical trials.Patient Concerns:To evaluate the effects of TIPS in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension with or without portal vein thrombosis (PVT).Interventions:A total of 55 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension received TIPS treatment from December 2014 to April 2018 were enrolled. Clinical data, including portal pressure, Child-Pugh score, and relevant complications were recorded.Outcomes:TIPS was successfully performed in 54 patients. The overall technical success rate was 98.19% without serious technical complications. After TIPS treatment, portal pressure was significantly reduced from 38.13 ± 4.00 cmH₂O to 24.14 ± 3.84 cmH₂O (P < 0.05). In addition, symptoms including gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites were improved after TIPS treatment. During the 6 to 21-month follow up, hepatic encephalopathy in 15 patients (27.8%), shunt dysfunction in 5 patients (9.3%), rebleeding in 12 patients (22.2%) and deterioration of liver function in 2 patients (3.7%) were recorded. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the rates of rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy between patients with PVT and the non-PVT group, whereas the occurrence rate of TIPS dysfunction was higher in the PVT group, but not statistically significant.Lessons:TIPS treatment could alleviate the symptoms of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in individuals with or without PVT. However, complications during follow-up should be appropriately noted and addressed with corresponding treatments.     

Portal hemodynamics in primary biliary cirrhosis as evaluated by per-rectal portal scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Portal circulation can be evaluated in a relatively noninvasive manner by per-rectal portal scintigraphy. We used this method to evaluate portal hemodynamics in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic portal hypertension. We did the procedures simultaneously in some patients to examine the relation between portal circulation and hepatic functional reserve in these diseases. METHODOLOGY: Per-rectal portal scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate was done in 17 healthy subjects, 154 patients with chronic hepatitis, 447 patients with cirrhosis, 40 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and 20 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension. Eighty-three patients (14 with hepatitis, 48 with cirrhosis, 16 with primary biliary cirrhosis, and 5 with idiopathic portal hypertension) also underwent scintigraphy with Tc-99m galactosyl human serum albumin with 2 weeks. A solution containing Tc-99m pertechnetate was instilled into the rectum, and serial scintigrams were taken while radioactivity curves for the liver and heart were recorded sequentially. The per-rectal portal shunt index was calculated from the curves. A receptor index was calculated by dividing the radioactivity of the liver region of interest by that of the liver-plus-heart region of interest 15 min after the injection of Tc-99m galactosyl human serum albumin. The index of blood clearance was calculated by dividing the radioactivity of the heart region of interest at 15 min by that of the heart region of interest at 3 min. RESULTS: The shunt index was higher for more severe disorders, increasing in the order of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis without varices, and cirrhosis with varices. The shunt indices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic portal hypertension were higher than that in patients with chronic hepatitis. In terms of receptor index, the standard residuals were more than 0 in 10 of 16 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 4 of 5 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension. In terms of index of blood clearance, the standard residuals were more than 0 in 10 of 16 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 4 of 5 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities of portal hemodynamics in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or idiopathic portal hypertension occur while hepatic functional reserve is still satisfactory as compared with patients who have chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.     

Gastroduodenal ulcer and erosions are related to portal hypertensive gastropathy and recent alcohol intake in cirrhotic patients

Gastroduodenal ulcers and gastroduodenal erosions are particularly frequent in cirrhotic patients, but their precise cause is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify pathogenic factors associated with ulcers and erosions in patients with cirrhosis. We studied 64 consecutive patients with cirrhosis referred for gastroscopy. The severity of portal hypertensive gastropathy was graded with an endoscopic score. H. pylori status was determined by histological examination of gastric biopsy samples or by the [¹³C] urea breath test. The daily alcohol intake within the preceding week was recorded. The Child-Pugh score was determined. Fifteen patients had gastroduodenal ulcer and 20 had gastroduodenal erosions. Cirrhosis was related to alcohol in 44 patients and hepatitis B or C virus in 14 patients. The portal hypertensive gastropathy was graded as severe in 12 patients and mild in 25 patients. H. pylori infection, found in 37 patients, was not related to the gastroduodenal lesions. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed the links between gastroduodenal erosions and hypertensive gastropathy and recent heavy drinking. Gastroduodenal ulcer was independently associated only with the severity of the gastropathy. In conclusion, in these patients with cirrhosis, the presence of gastroduodenal ulcer was significantly related to hypertensive gastropathy but not to H. pylori infection. Recent alcohol intake favored the occurrence of gastroduodenal erosions.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术对酒精性肝硬化导致门静脉高压的治疗效果与安全性分析

目的分析经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗酒精性肝硬化导致门静脉高压的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性总结2006年6月至2011年6月本院30例接受TIPS治疗的酒精性肝硬化导致门静脉高压的患者资料,记录术前及术后门静脉压力、腹水、脾功能亢进、肝功能等指标。随访终点为术后2 a,观察术后并发症包括消化道再出血、支架堵塞、腹水及肝性脑病发生情况,并分析肝性脑病发生与患者临床参数的关系。穿刺前、后门静脉压力差别采用配对t检验分析;Kaplan-Meier方法用于术后临床参数与肝性脑病发生相关性分析。结果 TIPS手术成功率为100%(30/30),门静脉压力术前(37.27±2.52)cm H2O降为术后(24.6±2.58)cm H2O,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2 a内,消化道再出血率为3.3%(1/30);腹水治疗有效率达88.9%(16/18);支架狭窄发生率为6.7%(2/30);肝性脑病发生率为40%(12/30)。Kaplan-Meier分析发现患者术前Child-Pugh分级与术后肝性脑病发生密切相关(P=0.04)。结论 TIPS是治疗酒精性肝硬化门静脉高压相关并发症安全有效的微创方法,术前ChildPugh分级是影响患者肝性脑病发生的重要因素。     

Effects of vaso-active agents on hepatic function and blood gases in patients with cirrhosis: A study of vasopressin and nitroglycerin

The effects of vaso-active agents on hepatic function and splanchnic oxygenation were studied in 17 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Eight patients received vasopressin (0.3 iu/min) and nine patients received nitroglycerin (50 micrograms/min). Both drugs caused a significant reduction in the portal venous pressure gradient. Vasopressin infusion significantly decreased intrinsic clearance of indocyanine green (-23%, P less than 0.01). This may be due to a decreased hepatic perfusion (-28%, P less than 0.01) and portal venous oxygenation (-15% in portal venous oxygen tension, P less than 0.05). In contrast, no changes in hepatic perfusion and portal venous oxygenation were observed after nitroglycerin infusion. Nitroglycerin did not decrease intrinsic clearance of indocyanine green. These results suggest that vasodilators, rather than vasoconstrictors, might be welcome in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.     

Pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension--focused on Korean data]

Portal hypertension as a consequence of liver cirrhosis is responsible for serious complications such as variceal bleeding, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Successful pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension can prevent the risk of the variceal bleeding, and contribute to reduce the morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. To identify the effect of drugs on portal hypertension, portal pressure was evaluated accurately before and after the drug administration. The hepatic venous pressure gradient has been accepted as the gold-standard method for assessing the severity of portal hypertension and the response to drug treatment. The mean hepatic venous pressure gradient was 15.1+/-5.4 mmHg in Korean cirrhotic patients who had experienced variceal bleeding. Non-selective beta blockers are the treatment of choice for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding. The dose of propranolol should be subsequently adjusted until the resting heart rate had been reduced by 25% or less than 55 beats per minute. It has been reported that the optimal dose of propranolol is variable due to racial differences in cardiovascular receptor sensitivity. In Korean patients with portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis, the mean required dose of propranolol to reach target heart rate was 165 mg (range; 80-280 mg). This review covers mainly the results of the pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension in Korean cirrhotic patients.     

The transjugular route: the key hole to the liver world.

Portal hypertensive complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. The advent of the transjugular route with its minimal access allows non-surgical management of portal hypertension, therapy of venous complications of liver transplantation, monitoring of therapy for portal hypertension, hepatic venous pressure gradient and is also the major route to treat hepatic venous obstruction syndromes. In addition, the transjugular route is a safe route to perform a liver biopsy (transjugular liver biopsy) and allows retrograde evaluation of the portal vein. All these procedures can be combined in the same session. These hepatic interventional radiological skills should be incorporated into the expertise of the liver team in specialised hepatological centres, particularly in liver transplant centres as they are especially useful in improving outcomes of cirrhotic patients on the liver transplantation waiting list. A limitation in achieving this goal, could be the number of experienced radiologists, but hepatologists can be trained, at least for the most simple procedures (transjugular liver biopsy and hepatic venous pressure gradient). This would allow wider applicability and use of these diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, all through a 2 mm hole in the neck--the key hole to the liver world.     

软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者血清一氧化氮、内皮素的影响

目的：观察软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清一氧化氮（NO），内皮素（ET）的影响。方法：选择肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者97例，随机分为两组，治疗组口服软肝冲剂，对照级以西药常规治疗，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能，门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清NO、ET的变化。结果：经治疗后治疗组总有效率优于对照组（P＜0．05），患者ANT，TBil明显降低，Alb和A／G均明显升高，门静脉内径变窄，血流量增多，血流速度变快，同时NO及ET亦显著降低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论：软肝冲剂治疗肝炎肝硬化门脉高压疗效显著，能明显改善肝功能，降低门静脉压力，其作用机制之一是降低血清NO、ET水平。