2010年龙岩市部分人群甲型H1N1流感血清抗体水平及疫苗免疫效果观察

[目的]了解人群甲型H1N1流感(甲流)病毒抗体水平,掌握接种甲流疫苗后的免疫效果。[方法]2010年1～3月,在龙岩市新罗区白砂镇随机抽取0～5、6～17、18～55、56～71岁健康人群合计140人,进行甲流血清抗体检测,对其中抗体阴性者进行甲流疫苗接种前后抗体水平比较。[结果]调查140人,甲流血清抗体阳性率为6.43%。抗体阳性率,男性为2.86%,女性为10.00%(P>0.05);0～5岁为6.67%,6～17岁为14.29%,18～55岁为2.00%,56～71岁为0.00%(P>0.05)。84名抗体阴性者接种疫苗后21d,抗体阳性率为66.67%,明显高于接种前(P<0.01)。[结论]人群甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率较低,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗能够产生较好的免疫应答。     

清新县甲型H1N1流感抗体监测结果分析

目的：通过系统监测调查,掌握清新县人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况,为完善清新县甲型H1N1流感的防控提供科学依据。方法：选择清新县6个镇作为监测点,分6个年龄组,抽取人群静脉血,用酶联免疫试验检测甲型H1N1流感IgG抗体。结果：清新县甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为14.34%;不同性别人群抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;县城抗体阳性率显著高于农村地区;7～15岁年龄组抗体阳性率最高（25.00%）。结论：清新县人群甲型H1N1流感IgG抗体阳性率较低,人群普遍易感,应加强幼托机构、学校等聚集性场所甲流的防控,加强甲流疫苗接种,提高人群的免疫水平。     

2010年四川省甲型H1N1流感血清学调查

目的了解四川省人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平,为及时科学评估疫情发展趋势和完善防控策略与措施提供依据。方法按照国家方案采集不同年龄组人群血清标本,用血凝抑制(HI)试验方法进行抗体检测,HI抗体滴度≥1∶40判为阳性。结果四川省甲型H1N1流感阳性率17.39%(663/3 812);不同地区阳性率差异无统计学意义;6～17岁组阳性率最高(20.52%);男女性阳性率差异无统计学意义;就诊人群阳性率高于献血人群和体检人群,差异有统计学意义。结论四川省人群甲型H1N1流感阳性率较低,,甲型H1N1流感在人群中的自然感染未形成有效免疫屏障,甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种仍有必要。     

西安市甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况调查

[目的]调查西安市区不同人群中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,及时了解甲型H1N1流感病毒的感染状况.[方法]选取市内两个区,选定5个年龄组的1500人为调查对象,采用国家统一的调查表进行调查并采血.国家疾控中心统一用血凝抑制方法对血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体检测,抗体效价1:40判为阳性.[结果]实际共调查1508人,其中甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为29.38%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为25.29,6～15与16～24岁组抗体阳性率最高.男性人群抗体阳性率高于女性(χ2=6.90,P<0.05).接种甲流疫苗后人群抗体阳性率为62.90%,明显高于未接种疫苗人群的22.78%(χ2=168.01,P<0.001).[结论]我市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平不到30%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗可显著提高人群的保护率.接种疫苗对于防控可能造成新的暴发流行的甲型H1N1流感仍然有效.     

长沙市甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的了解长沙市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从长沙五个城区选取1 500人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测。结果调查人群中共有559人甲型H1N1流感抗体呈阳性,阳性率37.27%;经标化后,估计长沙市城区人群抗体阳性率为30.47%。按年龄组分,6~15岁(55.97%)和16~24岁(50.51%)组抗体阳性率较高;按职业分,学生(56.35%)和医务人员(57.14%)抗体阳性率较高。已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群抗体阳性率(77.08%)明显高于未接种组(27.81%)。长沙市普通人群甲型H1N1流感的感染率27.81%,隐性感染者比例为41.54%。2009年5月-2010年1月流感样病例的抗体阳性率(36.04%)较非流感样病例(26.21%)高;2007-2010年1月接种过季节性流感疫苗人群的抗体阳性率(40.00%)高于未接种组(26.88%)。结论长沙市人群尚未建立应对甲型H1N1流感有效的免疫屏障,仍需加强防控;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是获得保护性抗体最有效的途径。     

2010年卧龙区不同人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染及免疫状况调查

[目的]了解不同人群甲型H1N1流感(甲流)抗体水平与甲流疫苗接种后的免疫效果,为预测甲流提供参考依据。[方法]2010年1月,采集南阳市卧龙区部分普通人群、甲流确诊病例和甲流疫苗接种者血清,采用血凝抑制试验检测甲流抗体水平。[结果]检测普通人群138人,甲流抗体阳性的26人,阳性率为18.84%,几何平均滴度为1∶17.73,其中>60岁、20~61岁、3~5岁、6~18岁阳性率分别为为47.22%、11.43%、8.57%、6.25%(P<0.01)。检测甲流确诊病例25例,甲流抗体阳性的22例,阳性率为88.00%,几何平均滴度为1∶40.00。检测甲流疫苗接种者126人,甲流抗体阳性的105人,阳性率为83.33%,几何平均低度为1:41.12。[结论]卧龙区普通人群甲流抗体水平较低,甲流病人和甲流疫苗接种者甲流抗体水平较高。     

广州市甲型H1N1流感血清学流行病学调查

目的了解2010—2011年广州市不同时段人群甲型H1N1流感(甲流)的感染水平,为完善防控措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,以广州市未接种甲流疫苗人群为对象,开展3次个案调查,并采集血液样本,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)进行抗体检测,抗体滴度≥1∶40判为阳性。结果共调查3 865人,检测甲流抗体阳性804人,阳性率20.8%;2010年1月、3月和2011年8月抗体阳性率分别为22.7%、14.2%、25.5%;3次调查抗体阳性率最高为16～24岁组;学生的阳性率较高。结论广州健康人群H1N1免疫屏障尚未建立,需加强流感防控宣传和疫苗接种。     

兰州地区普通人群甲型H1N1流感血清抗体调查

目的了解兰州地区普通人群甲型H1N1流感的血清抗体水平,为进一步制定甲型H1N1流感防控措施提供参考依据。方法随机选择甘肃省兰州市5家医院门诊就诊人群和血站献血人员共421人,采静脉血检测甲型H1N1流感血清抗体水平进行分析。结果调查对象甲型H1N1流感血清总抗体阳性率为10.45%,接种疫苗组人群阳性率为42.86%,未接种疫苗组人群阳性率为8.14%;0～5岁、18～55岁、56岁及以上年龄组人群阳性率分别为11.76%、8.85%和2.83%,6～17岁年龄组人群阳性率为19.00%。结论兰州地区普通人群对甲型H1N1流感的感染率较低,6～17岁年龄组人群阳性率较其他年龄组高。     

深圳居民甲型H1N1流感抗体水平影响因素的研究

目的通过检测深圳居民血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,了解相关的影响因素,为有效预防和控制甲型H1N1流感疫情提供有效科学依据。方法随机选取480位深圳居民作为观察对象,采用血凝抑制方法进行甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测。并进行问卷调查,用SPSS16.0软件对血清抗体水平与不同流行病学指标之间进行相关因素分析。结果通过研究发现,年龄和甲流疫苗接种史与血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平显著性相关。6~15岁人群与已接种甲流疫苗人群血清中的甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率显著性高于其它人群,阳性率分别是34.1%和48.1%。所有调查对象中,甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率较低,仅为11.25%,6~15岁人群的疫苗接种率最高,为41.76%。结论青少年为甲型H1N1流感高危人群,加强对该人群的免疫接种,可对甲型H1N1流感的疫情控制起到显著成效。     

北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平监测

目的:了解北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,为卫生部门制定预防控制措施和策略提供依据。方法:随机选取顺义区12个乡街的5岁以上健康人群采集免疫前静脉血检测抗体,评估健康人群抗体水平。结果:202份血清标本中甲流抗体水平阳性率46.53%(94/202),与北京市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测结果差异有统计学意义。抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为32.78。不同性别人群之间甲型H1Nl流感抗体阳性率无差别(P>0.05),不同年龄组之间抗体水平阳性率有差别(P<0.05),25岁～29岁、10岁～14岁组抗体水平阳性率高。结论:顺义区甲型H1N1流感实际感染数高于北京市甲型H1N1流感平均感染水平。甲型H1N1流感感染与性别无关,与年龄有关,感染主要集中在25岁～29岁、10岁～14岁组人群。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.