微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血60例临床分析

目的 探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效.方法 将90例高血压脑出血患者随机分组,治疗组行微创颅内血肿清除术,对照组行常规的内科保守治疗.结果 治疗组患者病死率、并发症发生率均显著降低.结论 微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血能够显著降低患者病死率及致残率,提高生存质量,是一种安全有效的方法 .     

颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床分析

目的评价颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的治疗效果。方法所选病例分为微创组(100例)和对照组(103例),微创组采用微创术清除血肿,对照组行常规内科保守治疗。治疗后2周时观察两组患者临床神经功能缺损评分、并发症及病死率。结果治疗后2周微创组总有效率为80.0%,明显优于对照组的49.5%(P0.05),同时微创组治疗后2周的并发症及病死率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血较内科保守治疗疗效好。     

微创治疗高血压脑出血46例临床观察

目的探讨CT定位下颅内血肿微创清除术(简称微创术)在高血压性脑出血治疗中的疗效。方法用一次性YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针对46例高血压脑出血患者在CT定位下行颅内血肿微创清除术。结果微创术治疗患者临床效果好,治愈率高,优于传统外科手术治疗。结论微创术治疗高血压脑出血是一种简单易行、安全有效、十分实用的方法。     

高血压性脑出血治疗策略与疗效分析

目的评价内科保守治疗和微创血肿清除术及开颅血肿清除术三种方法治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析468例出血量30～60ml的高血压性脑出血患者,按治疗方法分为3组,微创组161例,开颅组145例,保守治疗组157例。用SPSS软件对不同治疗组疗效、平均住院日及平均住院费用进行比较。结果微创组有效率及显效率明显高于开颅组及保守治疗组,与后两组者相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。存活患者中神经功能缺损恢复微创组优于保守治疗组(P<0.05),与开颅组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。微创组的平均住院日明显少于保守治疗组和开颅组(P<0.05)。微创组的平均住院费用明显低于保守治疗组和开颅组(P<0.05)。结论微创颅内血肿清除术较内科保守治疗及开颅血肿清除术效果好,并且降低了死亡率、平均住院费用及平均床位日。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血临床分析

目的 观察应用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效.方法 将103例高血压性脑出血患者随机分成2组,分别采用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗和保守治疗,观察治疗后4周和6个月的临床疗效.结果 治疗4周后,A组治愈率和显效率均明显高于B组,病死率明显低于B组;治疗后6个月随访,A组重残发生率(23.9%)明显低于B组(37....     

微创颅内血肿与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗重症高血压脑出血的疗效对比

目的探讨微创颅内血肿清除术与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗重症高血压脑出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010-02—2014-03我院收治的重症高血压脑出血患者102例,采用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗的52例患者为观察组,采用小骨窗颅内血肿清除术治疗50例患者为对照组,观察2组患者手术前后血肿量、神经功能缺损情况与并发症发生率。结果观察组术后第1、3天血肿量高于对照组(P<0.05);第7天血肿量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2组神经功能缺损情况均有所改善,观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论微创颅内血肿清除术对重症高血压脑出血患者神经功能缺损改善程度与并发症控制程度优于小骨窗开颅血肿清除术,值得临床推广应用。     

微创颅内血肿清除术早期治疗重症高血压脑出血的临床观察

目的 探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗重症高血压性脑出血的治疗效果.方法 采用对比研究的方法,观察微创颅内血肿清除术与内科保守治疗重症高血压性脑出血患者的疗效.结果 治疗组血肿清除率大部分在75%～90%之间,治疗组的病死率为16.1%,明显低于对照组的41.5%(P＜0.05).结论 微创颅内血肿清除术简便安全、定位准确,早期进行该手术,对防止血肿压迫脑组织的不可逆损害,降低病死率,提高生存质量都有积极的意义,是治疗重症高血压性脑出血的一种较好的方法.     

微创治疗高血压脑出血106例临床观察

目的观察颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法应用YL-1型颅内血肿微创穿刺粉碎针配合血肿粉碎器、血肿液化剂对经CT定位的颅内血肿进行清除治疗,并观察疗效。结果微创治疗高血压性脑出血的病死率、致残率均低于内科保守治疗,也优于外科手术治疗。结论颅内血肿微创穿刺粉碎清除术安全简便,费用低廉,方便易行,疗效显著。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗的高血压脑出血临床效果。方法选择2015-07—2015-10在我院接受治疗的高血压脑出血患者104例为研究对象,随机分为2组,实验组采用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗,对照组采用传统开颅手术治疗。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、临床治疗效果和并发症情况。结果实验组手术时间和术中出血量均明显低于对照组,治疗效果明显优于对照组,并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创颅内血肿清除术可降低术中出血量,明显缩短手术时间,还可以显著提高治疗效果。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的临床研究

目的：对微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效进行临床观察与对照研究，并就手术适应症及手术时机进行探讨。方法：将90例高血压性脑出血患分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组（60例）主要采用微创颅内血肿清除术治疗，对照组（30例）则采用单纯内科保守治疗。两组分别在入院初始和21天进行中国卒中量表（CSS）评分；6个月后随访，进行Barthel指数日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分。结果：治疗组死亡率及21天时CSS评分明显低于对照组，血肿的清除吸收率明显高于对照组；6个月后随访Barthel指数ADL评分明显高于对照组，结论：微创颅内血肿清除术显降低高血压性脑出血患的病死率和致残率，疗效好于单纯内科保守治疗，基底节区出血，出血量在30－60ml，手术效果较好，发病6－48小时是较好的手术时机。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。