载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂水平的影响及与冠状动脉狭窄的关系

为探讨载脂蛋白E基因多态性对血脂水平的影响及与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系 ,采用聚合酶链反应—限制片段长度多态性对 95例冠心病患者和 46例正常对照者载脂者蛋白E基因型进行分析 ,同时测定血脂及载脂蛋白B水平。并根据冠状动脉受累支数不同将冠心病患者分为冠状动脉多支病变组和单支病变组。结果显示 ,5 5例冠状动脉病变多支组和 40例冠状动脉单支病变组E3/ 4基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且多支病变组E3/ 4基因型和ε4等位基因频率高于单支病变组 (P <0 .0 5 )。与E3/ 3及E2 / 3基因型比较 ,E3/ 4基因型者有较高的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平及较低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。与对照组比较 ,冠心病组E3/ 4基因型升高总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B的作用及降低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用更明显。表明载脂蛋白E基因多态性影响血胆固醇代谢 ,ε4等位基因与冠心病危险性增加有关 ,ε4等位基因频率升高的冠心病者冠状动脉受累支数加重 ,推测ε4等位基因可能与冠状动脉狭窄程度存在内在联系。     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白E基因型与血脂、脂蛋白水平的相关性

目的 :探讨冠心病 (CHD)患者载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因型与血脂、脂蛋白水平的相关性。 方法 :应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性法 (PCR RFLP) ,检测 119例CHD患者和 112例正常人 (对照组 )的apoE基因型 ;按常规方法测定血脂及脂蛋白水平。结果 :CHD组及对照组共检出 6种基因型 ,分别为 :ε2 /2、ε2 /3、ε3/3、ε3/4、ε4/4、ε2 /4 ;CHD组ε3/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率均显著高于对照组 (分别为P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;CHD组ε2 /3、ε3/3、ε3/4基因型之间胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :apoE3/4基因型明显升高CHD患者TC、LDL C水平 ;apoE基因多态性可能通过影响血脂水平而影响CHD的发生     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与早发冠心病及血脂含量的关系

目的:研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病(CHD)的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定92例早发CHD、237例迟发CHD患者和220名对照者的ApoE基因型。血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果:发现的5种ApoE基因型,分别为E3/3、E2/2、E3/2、E4/3及E4/2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组ApoE4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组(P<0.05～<0.01);进一步对两组CHD患者的ApoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组高(P<0.05)。ApoE各等位基因型的TC和LDL-C水平存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:ApoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关,并影响血脂的水平。     

中国人Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

为探讨中国人Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系,采用聚合酶链反应－限制片长多态性法,分别对87例Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症患者及230例血脂正常者的载脂蛋白E基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ和E进行了全面分析。结果发现,Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症患者的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,以及载脂蛋白B100、CⅡ、CⅢ和E水平较对照组显著升高（P＜0．01）;;血清载脂蛋白E／CⅢ比值显著降低（P＜0．05）;Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症组与对照组载脂蛋白E基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3／3和ε3最高,Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症组的ε4等位基因有增高的趋势,而ε2等位基因有降低的趋势（P＞0．05）。携带ε2等位基因组血清载脂蛋白E水平较E3／3基因型组显著升高,而携带ε4等位基因组血清载脂蛋白E水平较E3／3基因型及携带ε2乘位降低基因组显著（P＜0．001）。此结果提示,ε2及ε4等位基因与Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症患者的血清载脂蛋白E水平有关。     

老年冠心病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性检测的临床意义

目的：探讨载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性与老年冠心病的关系及其对血脂、脂蛋白水平的影响。方法：应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR—RFLP)检测l25例老年冠心病患者和ll6例健康老年人(对照组)的apoE基因型；按常规方法测定血浆脂质、脂蛋白水平。结果：冠心病组及对照组共检出6种基因型，分别为：E2／2、E2／3、E3／3、E3／4、E4／4、E2／4；冠心病组E3／3基因型频率(51．2％)和ε3等位基因频率(73．2％)明显低于对照组(69．8％和84．0％，P＜o．05)；E3／4基因型频率(30．4％)和ε4等位基因频率(17．6％)明显高于对照组(11．2％和6．9％，P＜0.05)；冠心病组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(LDL—C)水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)；冠心病患者中E2／3、E3／3、E3／4基因型之间TC、LDL—C水平差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论:ε4等位基因是冠心病重要的遗传标记；apoE基因多态性可能通过影响血脂水平而影响冠心病的发生。     

早发冠心病患者颈总动脉内膜—中层厚度与载脂蛋白E基因型的关系

探讨早发冠心病患者颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度与载脂蛋白E基因型关系.用超声检测85例早发冠心病患者颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度,同时运用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多肽性方法分析其载脂蛋白 E基因型及等位基因频率分布.结果发现,病例组载脂蛋白 E基因型共有5种,主要基因型按频率高低为载脂蛋白E3/3>E3/4>E2/3,载脂蛋白E2/4和E4/4为少见基因型;载脂蛋白 E等位基因频率为ε3>ε4>ε2.载脂蛋白E3/4基因型组总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于载脂蛋白E2/3组, 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于载脂蛋白E2/3组(P均<0.05);载脂蛋白E3/4基因型组内膜-中层厚度高于载脂蛋白E2/3组(P<0.05).内膜-中层厚度与总胆固醇(r=0.401,P<0.01)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.376,P<0.01)呈正相关.以上提示,早发冠心病患者颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度与载脂蛋白E基因型密切相关,载脂蛋白E基因型通过调节脂质代谢影响内膜-中层厚度.     

早发冠心病患者同胞及子女血脂与载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究

目的 :探讨早发冠心病患者同胞及子女与正常对照人群血脂分布特点、载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因型及其等位基因频率分布和对血脂的调节作用。方法 :检测早发冠心病患者的 72例同胞及子女 (病例组 )的血脂参数 ,应用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多肽性分析各自的apoE基因型及其等位基因频率分布 ,并与 81例年龄相匹配并且父母和同胞无明显冠心病的对照者 (对照组 )进行比较。结果 :病例组血浆总胆固醇 (TC)和脂蛋白a[Lp(a) ]较对照组明显升高 [(4 .5 9± 1.6 1)mmol/L∶(4 .0 8± 1.0 2 )mmol/L ,P <0 .0 5 ;(2 41.88± 119.2 5 )mg/L∶(182 .2 4± 90 .2 0 )mg/L ,P <0 .0 1]。两组人群共有apoE基因型 6种 ,ε2 / 2 ,ε4/ 4和ε4/ 2为少见基因型。病例组ε4/ 3基因型和ε4等位基因频率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。病例组ε4/ 3基因型组血浆TC和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)高于对应ε2 / 3组。病例组ε2 / 3基因型组血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)高于对应ε4/ 3组。结论 :早发冠心病患者同胞及子女除了有早发冠心病家族史外 ,血浆TC、Lp(a)明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5～0 .0 1)。病例组ε4/ 3基因型和ε4等位基因频率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并影响血浆TC、LDL C和HDL C的水平     

具有早发冠心病家族史的健康同胞血脂水平及载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

目的早发冠心病家族史是冠心病明确的危险因素,遗传性脂质代谢紊乱往往与早发冠心病相关,载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因所编码的多态性蛋白参与脂质代谢过程,与冠心病心肌梗死的发生之间可能存在某种联系.本文将对63例具有早发冠心病家族史的同胞进行血脂水平检测及ApoE基因型分析,探讨血脂异常及ApoE基因多态性与早发冠心病的关系及疾病的遗传易感性.方法选择63例具有早发冠心病家族史的"健康"(尚未发生冠心病)同胞和49例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照者,抽取空腹12～14 h静脉血5 ml分装,其中3 ml于普通非抗凝试管中分离血清,3 h内送检血脂,余2 ml置EDTA抗凝试管-20℃冻存留待基因型检测,使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和HhI酶切法测定ApoE基因多态性,SPSS11.0软件包行统计学处理.结果整体血脂水平上同胞组与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.01).本研究只发现3种常见ApoE基因型ε3/3、ε2/3和ε4/3,两组在基因型频率和等位基因频率分布上无统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组中不同基因型亚组间血脂水平无显著差异(P＞0.05),ε3/3基因型亚组中同胞组与对照组比较,血脂水平有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论具有早发冠心病家族史的同胞具有明显的血脂代谢紊乱,对此高危人群的早识别早预防具有重要义,但ApoE基因多态性并非早发冠心病独立的危险因素.     

慢性心力衰竭时载脂蛋白E基因多态性

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E基因多态性对慢性心力衰竭的影响.方法 有高血压和冠心病的患者247例,根据临床症状、左心室舒张末期内径指数、左心室射血分数及左心室内径缩短率分为心功能正常组140例和慢性收缩性心力衰竭组107例,用聚合酶链反应限制片长多态性方法测定所有患者的载脂蛋白E基因型.结果 慢性收缩性心力衰竭患者ε4等位基因频率及载脂蛋白E ε4携带者显著高于心功能正常组(P<0.05).载脂蛋白E ε4携带是高血压和冠心病患者发生慢性心功能不全的独立危险因素(P<0.01).结论 载脂蛋白E ε4等位基因可能是高血压和冠心病患者发生慢性心力衰竭的一个重要遗传危险因素.     

老年冠心病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性分析

目的探讨载脂蛋白E（apoE）基因的多态性在老年冠心病发病的意义。方法应用聚合酶链反应法（PCR），Hhal内切酶消化法，测定68例老年冠心病患者（CHD组）及70例健康老年（对照组）的apoE基因型。结果冠心病组和对照组共检出6种基因型（E4／4、E4／3、E4／2、E3／3、E3／2、E2／2），冠心病组E3／3基因频率和ε3较等位基因频率对照组低（P〈0．05），差别均有显著性差异，而E4／3、E4／2基因频率和ε4等位基因频率，冠心病组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论apoE基因与动脉粥样硬化相关，ε4等位基因是老年CHD的危险因素。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.