丁苯酞对大鼠脑组织放射性损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨丁苯酞对大鼠单次全脑照射后的防护作用机制.方法 120只SD大鼠采用随机数字法分为假照射组、照射组和丁苯酞组.采用10 Gy单次全脑照射模型,制模后丁苯酞组大鼠分别按剂量0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg丁苯酞腹腔注射;测定脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,采用免疫组织化学法检测海马凋亡相关基因蛋白表达的变化,并在电镜下观察组织学超微结构.结果 与假照射组比较,照射后大鼠脑组织中MDA含量升高、SOD活性降低,促凋亡基因bax表达增高(t=-3.78～ ～1.89;2.69 ～3.48,P＜0.05)、抑凋亡基因bcl-2表达下降,电镜下照射组大鼠海马CA1区神经元呈明显的凋亡超微结构形态;与照射组比较,丁苯酞组大鼠脑组织中MDA含量降低、SOD活性升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达显著增加、Bax蛋白表达明显降低(t=2.94 ～3.76,-3,89～ -1.96,P ＜0.05),神经细胞结构损伤明显轻于照射组.结论 丁苯酞通过降低大鼠全脑照射后脑组织中MDA含量、升高SOD活性,有效抑制凋亡,对放射性脑损伤的保护作用呈现剂量依赖性.     

利多卡因对大鼠缺血脑损伤后Bax蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的影响

 目的 探讨利多卡因对缺血脑损伤后Bax蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的影响,为临床中复合病症选择用药积累实验性资料.方法 制作大鼠脑栓塞动物模型.分组手术后24 h开颅取脑,分离右侧海马,做HE染色、免疫组化染色测定Bax蛋白的表达、TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡.结果 模型组与对照组相比,凋亡阳性细胞数明显增多, Bax蛋白阳性细胞的计数明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).利多卡因处理组与模型组比较,凋亡阳性细胞数及Bax蛋白阳性细胞数明显降低,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 利多卡因降低脑缺血损伤后神经细胞Bax蛋白的表达(P＜0.05);抑制脑缺血损伤后神经细胞的凋亡(P＜0.05).     

脂多糖对受照小鼠血清IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响

目的 探讨6 Gy137Csγ射线一次性全身照射后,小鼠血清中白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-o)水平的变化及对脂多糖刺激反应性的远期影响.方法 将实验小鼠分为假照射组和照射组,假照射组不接受照射,照射组给予6Gyγ射线照射.照射后10周,将假照射组和照射组小鼠按组别分别提前24 h和1h腹腔注射脂多糖(20 mg/kg),对照组注射生理盐水(100μl/只).取小鼠外周血,利用酶联免疫吸附技术检测小鼠血清中IL-10、IL-6和TNF-t的水平.结果 假照射组小鼠在给予脂多糖刺激1h后,血清中IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α水平与其对照组相比均显著升高(t=7.31、2.71和15.09,P分别为＜0.01、＜0.05和＜0.01).照射组小鼠在给予脂多糖刺激1h后,血清中IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α水平与其对照组相比均显著升高(t=4.14、7.18和5.14,P均＜0.01).与假照射组相比,照射组小鼠在给予脂多糖刺激24h后,TNF-α和IL-6水平无明显变化,IL-10水平升高了19.9％(t=2.84,P＜0.05).结论 经6Gyγ射线照射后10周,小鼠免疫调节功能尚未完全恢复;在接受脂多糖刺激后,假照射组和照射组小鼠的抗感染能力也有差异.脂多糖对辐射后小鼠血清中IL-10、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响及其意义仍需进一步研究.     

18F-FLT和18F-FDG评价食管癌细胞照射后超早期生物学反应

目的 比较18F-氟代脱氧胸腺嘧啶(18F-FLT)和18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)在反映食管癌细胞受照后超早期生物学反应的差异.方法 将人食管癌Eca-109细胞分别接受5、10、15 Gy剂量X射线照射,照射后2、4、8h检测细胞对18F-FDG和18F-FLT摄取率的变化,以及细胞相对存活率和ATP表达情况的变化.结果 5 Gy照射后2、4h,细胞对18F-FDG摄取率与对照组相比分别减少了9.45％和16.4％,差异无统计学意义;但15 Gy照后2h,对18F-FDG摄取率却增加了26.5％(=3.04,P＜0.05),其余照射组对18F-FDG摄取率均有明显减少(F=25.75,P＜0.05).5 Gy照后2h,18F-FLT摄取率(3.65±0.41)％与对照组(4.00±0.42)％相比,差异无统计学意义,其余照射组对18F-FLT摄取率与对照组比较均有明显减少(F=33.93,P＜0.05).在5、10、15 Gy照后2、4、8h,各组细胞相对存活率差异无统计学意义.经不同剂量照射后,细胞对18F-FLT摄取率与ATP浓度之间的相关性(r=0.887,P＜0.05)优于18F-FDG与ATP浓度之间的相关性(r=0.622,P＞0.05).结论 18F-FDG和18 F-FLT两者均可反映食管癌细胞照射后超早期生物学反应,18F-FLT比18F-FDG能较好地反映食管癌细胞照射后超早期生物学反应.     

卡托普利对放射性肾损伤中血管性血友病因子的影响

目的 探索卡托普利对放射性肾损伤大鼠血浆和肾小球中血管性血友病因子(vWF)的影响.方法 体重为280～300 g的雄性SD大鼠96只,采用随机数字表法分为3组:健康对照组20只、单纯照射组38只和卡托普利+照射组38只.其中后两组大鼠双肾接受5 MeV电子线一次性局部照射,剂量为12 Gy.照射前24 h,卡托普利+照射组大鼠开始接受浓度为0.38 ～0.50 mg/ml的卡托普利处理.照后48 h,1、2、4、8、16、24周,单纯照射组和卡托普利+照射组的大鼠被留取尿和血样本,其中除照射后2周外,其余时间点均取肾脏(每次每组6只).照射后48 h,4和24周,健康对照组大鼠被留取尿、血和肾脏样本(每次每组6只).用免疫组织化学染色法检测肾小球中vWF的改变,苦味酸-天狼猩红染色观察肾小球中胶原的沉积,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠血浆中胱抑素C和vWF的水平.检测尿蛋白和尿肌酐,计算尿蛋白清除率,HE染色方法检测大鼠肾脏组织的病理变化.结果 单纯照射组照射后16和24周,肾小球中vWF逐渐增加(t=3.53～6.95,5.71～12.66,P＜0.05);照射后8、16和24周,肾小球中的胶原沉积逐渐增加(t=3.03 ～5.13,3.48～4.68,4.68～9.03,P＜0.05),且vWF和胶原沉积之间有明显的正相关(r=0.819,P＜0.05).照射后2、4和16周,血浆vWF出现增加(t=3.93 ～ 5.03,4.04～5.15,3.48～ 4.58,P＜0.05);照射后24周,血浆胱抑素C(t=5.10～6.17,P＜0.05)和尿蛋白清除率(t=14.59 ～16.34,P ＜0.05)开始增加,而此时肾组织病理显示肾脏出现了轻度的肾小球系膜的增生.在卡托普利+照射组中,照射后2周,卡托普利未明显地降低血浆vWF,但在其余时间点中,卡托普利均明显地降低了肾小球中的vWF(F=15.60,t=9.82,P＜0.05)、肾小球中的胶原沉积(F=10.24,16.08,t=8.63,P＜0.05)、血浆vWF(t=3.77,P＜0.05;F=4.16,P＜0.05)、血浆胱抑素C(t =6.68,P＜0.05)和尿蛋白清除率(t=13.01,P＜0.05).且卡托普利+照射组的大鼠肾脏未出现明显的病理变化.结论 卡托普利能够降低放射性肾损伤大鼠血浆和肾小球中的vWF,并有效地保护了肾脏.     

创伤性脑损伤后脑组织抵抗素rstn基因的表达变化

目的 探讨创伤性脑损伤(TBI)大鼠脑组织抵抗素rstn基因表达的变化特征. 方法选择SD大鼠90只,按随机数字表法分成正常对照组(5只),假手术组(10只),轻、中和重度损伤组(每组25只).应用液压冲击法制作大鼠颅脑损伤模型,并应用RT-PGR方法检测各组大鼠伤后3,6,24,72 h和1,2,4周脑组织rstn基因表达的变化,同时监测损伤中度组大鼠外周血糖浓度变化,观察两者之间的关系. 结果重度损伤组大鼠于伤后24 h,中度损伤组大鼠于伤后72 h,轻度损伤组大鼠于伤后4周rstn基因的表达开始明显上升(P＜0.05).伤后4周时,所有损伤组海马、丘脑及皮质区域rstn基因表达均升高(P＜0.05),其中海马区域最高,丘脑区域最低(P＜0.05).不同区域均存在损伤侧rstn基因表达较高,对侧较低的现象(P＜0.05).重度损伤组大鼠rstn基因表达升高最明显(P＜0.05).脑组织rstn基因表达变化与外周血糖浓度呈线性正相关(R=5.32,P=0.03). 结论 TBI后rstn基因表达明显增加,rstn基因表达的时程变化可能与脑损伤严重程度相关.TBI后rstn基因存在同侧海马区域表达明显升高的组织分布特征.创伤后脑组织rstn基因表达变化与血糖代谢之间存在一定关系.     

犬颅脑枪弹伤后脑组织中热休克蛋白70及神经细胞凋亡的表达

 目的研究犬枪弹伤后脑组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP 70)和神经细胞凋亡的变化规律.方法24只杂种犬,随机分为对照组、枪弹伤组.枪弹伤组采用德国小口径步枪子弹致犬颅脑额叶切线伤.用免疫组织化学方法以及末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的生物素脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸缺口末端标记法检测对照组及枪弹伤后2、6、12、24和48h各不同时期弹道挫伤区、震荡区及脑干神经元中HSP70和神经细胞凋亡的表达.结果对照组脑神经元中HSP70蛋白表达弱,枪弹伤组挫伤区、震荡区及脑干神经元中HSP 70蛋白2 h开始增加(P＜0.05),12 h达高峰(P＜0.01),24h开始下降.对照组犬偶见神经细胞凋亡,枪弹伤后凋亡神经细胞2 h开始增加(P＜0.05),24h达高峰(P＜0.01),48h开始下降.且HSP 70蛋白距伤道越近,表达越明显;神经细胞凋亡挫伤区的表达较震荡区弱(P＜0.01).结论HSP 70和神经细胞凋亡在弹道挫伤区、震荡区及脑干神经元的表达增强,两者在脑组织中表达分布范围不一致,HSP 70在抗细胞凋亡中具有重要作用.     

纤维细胞和Th1/Th2型细胞因子在放射性肺损伤中的作用及相关机制

目的 观察小鼠经60Co γ射线胸部照射后肺组织中纤维细胞和Th1/Th2型细胞因子变化规律,探究其在放射性肺损伤中的作用及相关机制.方法 小鼠经60Coγ射线单次胸部照射25 Gy,建立肺损伤模型,用HE染色和Masson三联染色观察肺组织病理变化,酶标仪测定Ⅰ型胶原浓度,流式细胞仪测定小鼠肺实质中纤维细胞数目,液相悬浮芯片检测肺泡灌洗液中纤维化相关细胞因子单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、巨噬细胞炎症/性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)和Th1/Th2型细胞因子表达.结果 照后14 d至3个月,小鼠体重明显下降(F=7.19、40.62、58.70,P＜0.05).1个月时小鼠肺组织胶原纤维增生,第3个月时更加明显.照后1～3个月,Ⅰ型胶原浓度明显增加(Z=-2.470、-2.236,P＜0.05).照射后14 d至3个月,纤维细胞数目增多(Z=-2.19、-2.64、-2.64,P＜0.05),肺灌洗液中MCP-1(Z=-2.35、-2.37、-2.34,P＜0.05)及MIP-1α(Z=-2.43、-2.35、-2.35,P＜0.05)表达增高.Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ在照后1个月短暂升高(Z=-2.34,P＜0.05),IL-12在照后3d及7d下降(Z=-2.31、-2.30,P＜0.05),1个月及3个月升高(Z=-2.32、-2.12,P＜0.05);Th2型细胞因子IL-4在照后7、14 d及1个月表达升高(Z=-2.31、-2.35、-2.32,P＜0.05),IL-10在照后3d及1、3个月升高(Z=-2.33、-2.37、-2.34,P＜0.05).结论 纤维细胞是诱发放射性肺损伤的重要效应细胞,MCP-1及MIP-1α能明显诱导纤维细胞聚集,Th1/Th2可能参与调节这一过程.     

白藜芦醇对大鼠脑创伤后伤区脑组织神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)对大鼠脑创伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响及可能的作用机制.方法 采用改良的Feeney自由落体脑损伤模型,对颅脑损伤大鼠用Res(50mg/kg,ip)治疗,应用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)及免疫组织化学方法检测受损脑组织治疗前后TUNEL阳性细胞数、Bcl-2及Bax的表达变化.结果 治疗组大鼠脑组织TUNEL及Bax表达阳性细胞数低于创伤组及对照组(P＜0.05),Bcl-2表达伤后持续升高,治疗组高于对照组和创伤组(P＜0.05),创伤组和对照组差异不明显(P＞0.05).结论 白藜芦醇具有抗凋亡作用,可能是通过抑制促凋亡因素,促进抑凋亡因素表达来减少颅脑损伤后神经细胞的凋亡,发挥脑保护作用,其详细机制有待进一步研究.     

参芪扶正注射液对放射性脑损伤保护的分子机制探讨

目的 研究参芪扶正注射液对于放疗引起脑损伤保护的分子机制。方法 将6~8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠按随机数字表法随机分成3组:空白对照组:不做任何处理;单纯照射组:全脑照射20 Gy;照射加药组:全脑20 Gy照射后参芪扶正注射液(20 mg/kg)治疗4周;水迷宫检测参芪扶正注射液对放射性脑损伤后小鼠认知功能的影响;Real-time PCR检测急性脑损伤后炎性因子TNF-α与IL-1β表达情况;免疫荧光检测急性放射性脑损伤后海马区的小胶质细胞的激活水平;免疫荧光检测各组NF-κB p65的胞质胞核表达水平。结果 Morris水迷宫显示,参芪扶正注射液可以改善小鼠放射性脑损伤后的认知功能障碍(t=6.34、6.70,P<0.05);PCR显示照射后TNF-α在3 h表达最高,随后下降,在4周又达到较高水平,参芪扶正注射液治疗下调TNF-α表达水平(t=11.34、9.70、6.07,P<0.05);IL-1β在照射后表达水平逐渐升高,在72 h达到较高水平,其后开始下降,而参芪扶正注射液可以降低照射后IL-1β表达水平(t=12.27、5.70、7.52,P<0.05);免疫荧光显示参芪扶正注射液能够抑制海马区小胶质细胞激活(t=12.35、8.64、7.82,P<0.05);小胶质细胞p65免疫荧光显示参芪扶正注射液照射后NF-κB p65胞质、胞核的转位。结论 参芪扶正注射液可能通过抑制NF-κB p65的胞质、胞核转位,抑制小胶质细胞的激活,从而下调炎性因子的表达,起到治疗放射性脑损伤的作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.