血小板/淋巴细胞比值与成年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的相关性研究

目的 通过比较成年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者与健康对照组血小板/淋巴细胞比值（plateletto-lymphocyteratio,PLR）之间的差异,探讨PLR与成人OSAS之间的相关性。方法 对249例确诊为OSAS患者的数据进行回顾性分析,按呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为轻、中、重度3组,同时纳入我院同期体检的70名健康成人作为对照组。比较OSAS组与对照组PLR的差异,应用Pearson相关性分析PLR与AHI、血氧饱和度小于90%时间占监测总时间的百分比（TS90%）、最低血氧饱和度（lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO2）及体重指数（BMI）等的相关性,利用Logistic回归对OSAS的独立危险因素进行分析。结果 PLR的组间比较显示OSAS组（116.91±40.98）与对照组（110.04±36.92）之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;重度OSAS组（112.03±39.68）低于中度OSAS组（125.67±47.00）和轻度OSAS组（131.22±36.64）,三组之间的差异比较具有统计学意义（P<0.05...     

OSAHS患者睡眠呼吸事件与继之发生的低氧血症的关系及临床意义

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者睡眠呼吸事件与继之发生的低氧血症的关系及临床意义。方法：选取夜间打鼾并疑有睡眠呼吸障碍者45例,分为4组：正常打鼾组、轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组。填写Epworth嗜睡问卷,并进行整夜睡眠监测,记录各项睡眠参数及每次睡眠呼吸事件开始至随之出现血氧饱和度下降的时间,定义为氧减延迟时间。结果：45例患者均发生了阻塞性睡眠呼吸事件。中度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间大于正常打鼾组（P〈0．05）和轻度OSAHS组（P〈0．05）,重度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间也大于正常打鼾组（P〈0．01）和轻度OSAHS组（P〈0．01）,而正常打鼾组和轻度OSAHS组间（P〉0．05）、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组间（P〉0．05）差异无统计学意义;平均氧减延迟时间与呼吸暂停指数（AHI）呈线性正相关（r=0．608,P〈0．01）、与最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）呈线性负相关（r=-0．543,P〈0．01）;平均氧减延迟时间与Epworth问卷前7项总分（ESS7）的相关性（r=0．689,P〈0．01）高于AHI、LSaO2与ESS7的相关性（r=0．486,P〈0．01;r=-0．422,P〈0．01）。结论：氧减延迟时间是描述血氧变化对阻塞性睡眠呼吸事件敏感性的指标,本研究中、重度OSAHS患者平均氧减延迟时间较正常打鼾者和轻度OSAHS患者明显延长;平均氧减延迟时间分别与AHI、LSaO2密切相关;其与ESS7的相关性大于AHI、LSaO2与ESS7的相关性,提示平均氧减延迟时间在一定程度上能反映OSAHS患者病情严重程度,在反映患者白天嗜睡程度方面优于AHI和LSaO2。     

氧减延迟时间在评价OSAHS的作用

目的探讨氧减延迟时间在评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的作用。方法回顾2008年1-2013年10月已经确诊OSAHS患者80例，分为中青年组（40例）和老年组（40例），每组再按病情的严重程度，分为单纯打鼾组，轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组，每组均为10例，记录各组氧减延迟时间。结果中青年组的单纯打鼾组、轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间分为为44．47±17．43s、32．08±15．12s、30．46±5．70s、27．57±13．70s；正常组与其他组别，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而轻度、中度、重度组间两两比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）．但是发现随着严重程度，平均氧减延迟时间逐渐在缩短。老年组的单纯打鼾组、轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间分为为45．47±14．43s、37．08±15．42s、36．41±12．70s、43．52±14．70s；正常组与轻度及中度组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与重度组无统计学差异；而重度组与轻度、中度组两两比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。而中青年组与老年组的不同组别氧减延迟时间的比较，单纯打鼾组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而轻度、中度、重度组间两两比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05），显示老年组氧减延迟时间要比中青年组时间要明显延长。结论氧减延迟时间则反应了个体在睡眠过程中的血氧变化对睡眠呼吸事件的敏感性及与血氧饱和度变化的时间关系；提示氧减延迟时间对评价OSAHS患者病情有一定意义。     

正压通气治疗对改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术后疗效的影响

目的 研究重度睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）患者行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（H-uvulopalato phargngoplasty,H-UPPP）术后短期应用持续正压通气（continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP）治疗对疗效的影响.方法 38例重度OSAHS患者分为两组,治疗组18例于手术后一周开始配戴CPAP治疗,平均应用34.3天.20例单纯行H-UPPP手术患者为对照组.两组患者于术后6个月行多导睡眠监测复查,并与术前进行比较.结果 治疗组及对照组术后6个月与术前PSG监测相比,AHI及夜间最低血氧饱和度明显改善（P＜0.001）;治疗组术后6个月与对照组术后6个月相比,夜间最低血氧饱和度明显升高（P＜0.001）,AHI之间的差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）;睡眠结构中,治疗组的浅睡眠期和慢动眼睡眠期改变较对照组明显（P＜0.05）,而深睡眠期、觉醒指数及睡眠效率的改变无显著性意义（P＞0.05）.结论 改良UPPP术后行CPAP治疗可改善患者夜间低血氧的情况,使慢动眼睡眠期延长,减少浅睡眠期,对提高手术疗效有辅助作用.     

青年OSAHS患者认知功能与言语识别能力研究

目的：探讨OSAHS患者认知功能和言语识别能力的关系。方法选择青年男性 OSAHS 患者60例,年龄18～40岁,根据临床诊断标准及多导睡眠图（polysomnogram,PSG）结果将患者按照呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及低氧血症程度分为：轻度组19例,中度组20例,重度组21例;对照组为正常青年男性（年龄18～40岁）25例。对各组首先进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA）测试,然后应用普通话言语测听材料（MSTMs）中的15张句表（每表50个关键词）进行言语识别测试。结果①对照组和轻、中、重度 OSAHS患者组 MoCA得分总分分别为：28．52±1．16、27．32±1．16、25．85±1．23、24．52±1．69分,四组之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。②刺激声强度为22、24、26 dB SPL时,重度OSAHS患者的言语识别率（％）分别为：35．4±22．6、56．3±23．9、75．2±16．5,较轻度组（38．4±23．5、58．3±25．5、79．2±18．5）、中度组（38．8±21．6、58．7±22．7、78．5±16．7）、对照组（39．4±23．5、60．3±24．3、80．2±16．4）均降低（P均＜0．05）。③各组50％识别率所需的给声强度分别为：轻度组3．66±0．50 dB SPL、中度组3．72±0．55 dB SPL、重度组4．15±0．80 dB SPL、对照组3．62±0．41 dB SPL,重度组与其余三组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论 OSAHS患者随着缺氧和病情程度加重,言语识别能力呈下降趋势,这可能是认知评估量表得分降低的重要相关因素。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与胰岛素抵抗的关系的临床研究

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与胰岛素抵抗的关系及改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（MUPPP）和持续正压通气（CPAP）治疗OSAHS对胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法：经PSG确诊为OSAHS患者42例，32例行MUPPP手术及CPAP治疗（治疗组），10例患者未治疗（未治疗组），另选择33例不符合OSAHS诊断者为对照组。分别测定MUPPP及CPAP治疗前和治疗后30d空腹血糖及胰岛素，餐后2h血糖及胰岛素水平，分析AHI、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）与空腹血糖、胰岛素及餐后血糖、胰岛素的关系。计算胰岛素抵抗指数（IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（IAI），对AHI、LSaO2、IR、IAI进行多因素相关分析。结果：治疗组治疗前各临床参数指标与对照组比较，治疗前、后比较及治疗后与未治疗组比较，均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。IR与AHI明显正相关（r=0．690），与LSaO2明显负相关（r=0．686），IAI与AHI明显负相关（r=0．654），与LSaO2明显正相关（r=0．633），均P〈0．01。结论：OSAHS与IR之间存在独立相关关系；OSAHS低氧可引起胰岛素抵抗，通过MUPPP及CPAP治疗可以提高胰岛素的敏感性，降低IR。     

定量组织速度成像对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿左心功能的研究

目的：应用定量组织速度成像（QTVI）评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患儿腺样体和（或）扁桃体切除术前、后左心功能变化,探讨儿童OSAHS对左心功能的影响及QTVI的临床应用价值,确定手术对儿童OSAHS的治疗作用。方法：根据AHI将经PSG确诊的55例扁桃体和（或）腺样体肥大的OSAHS患儿分为轻度、中度及重度组;39例中、重度OSAHS患儿接受腺样体和（或）扁桃体切除术,将其中25例术后随访6个月再行PSG及QTV1的患儿设为实验组;选取20名正常儿童为对照组,应用QTV1技术进行检测。结果：术前0SAHs中度及重度组Va高于对照组,重度组Ve／Va低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Vs各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后6个月AHI及Va均降低,与术前组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Ve／Va手术前后各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：中、重度OSAHS患儿早期有不同程度左室舒张功能下降,二尖瓣环QTVI技术参数能够敏感反映OSAHS患儿左心功能早期改变,在判断左心功能早期变化方面有重要价值。手术切除腺样体和（或）扁桃体是治疗儿童OSAHS的有效方法,可使心肌功能障碍发生逆转。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者不同刺激率ABR结果分析

目的：探讨高刺激率ABR对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea－hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）患者听力评估的价值及其与低氧血症的相关性。方法对39例（78耳）OSAHS患者（中度5例、重度34例）和34例（68耳）正常成年人分别进行11．1、31．1、51．1次/秒刺激率的听性脑干反应（ABR）测试,比较组间结果,并与多导睡眠监测呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）、平均血氧饱和度（MSaO2）、氧饱和度≤90％的时间占总监测时间的百分比（SIT90）、氧饱和度≤80％的时间占总监测时间的百分比（SIT80）进行相关性分析。结果在11．1次/秒刺激率时OSAHS组ABR波Ⅴ潜伏期（5．79±0．22 ms）较对照组（5．67±0．24 ms）延长;31．1次/秒刺激率时OSAHS组ABR 波Ⅰ潜伏期（1．85±0．18 ms）、波Ⅴ潜伏期（5．98±0．19 ms）均较对照组（分别为1．76±0．16 ms、5．82±0．24 ms）延长;在51．1次/秒刺激率时OSAHS组ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期（1．94±0．26 ms）、波Ⅴ潜伏期（6．09±0．25 ms）较对照组（分别为1．83±0．15 ms、5．99±0．24 ms）延长。刺激率由11．1次/秒升高至31．1次/秒时,OSAHS 组波Ⅰ潜伏期延长,ΔⅠ31．1－11．1（0．12±0．17ms）较对照组（0．07±0．11 ms）长,刺激率由11．1次/秒升高至51．1次/秒时,OSAHS组波Ⅰ潜伏期延长,ΔⅠ51．1－11．1（0．21±0．25 ms）较对照组（0．15±0．10 ms）长。ΔⅠ31．1－11．1与LSaO2负相关（r＝－0．24）,与SIT90（r＝0．23）、SIT80（r＝0．27）正相关;ΔⅠ51．1－11．1与LSaO2（r＝－0．33）、MSaO2（r＝－0．35）负相关,与SIT90（r＝0．37）、SIT80（r＝0．29）正相关;以上差异及相关性均有统计学意义（p＜0．05）。结论高刺激率ABR可发现中度及重度OSAHS患者耳蜗及听神经近耳蜗段的损伤。     

男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者快速眼动睡眠的特点分析

目的研究男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS）患者快速眼动（rapid eye movement,REM）睡眠的特点,探究睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）与男性REM睡眠的关系及临床意义。方法收集1235例在北京大学第三医院耳鼻咽喉科接受多导睡眠监测的男性个体,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为正常对照、轻度、中度及重度4组,比较组间REM时长及所占比例。结果男性正常对照组REM期睡眠占总睡眠时长比例为（12.36±6.05）%,轻度OSAHS组为（11.97±6.53）%,中度OSAHS组为（11.26±5.58）%,重度OSAHS组为（8.73±5.32）%。随着AHI每增加10次/h,REM所占比例逐渐减少0.75%,且重度OSAHS患者REM期睡眠剥夺较轻中度组更为明显,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论男性OSAHS患者随着AHI增加,REM睡眠减少,睡眠结构紊乱加重,且在重度OSAHS患者中更为显著。     

持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并冠心病的预后研究[论著]#br#

目的　探讨持续气道正压通气（CPAP）对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并冠状动脉性心脏病（coronary heart disease,CHD）长期预后影响的研究。方法  随机选取2019年1月1日至2020年1月31日在甘肃省人民医院睡眠中心收治的OSAHS合并CHD患者120例,依据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为：A组（轻、中度OSAHS合并CHD）60例和B组（重度OSAHS组合并CHD）60例。对比分析两组血清指标、量表、多道睡眠监测（PSG）及冠脉造影结果。截至2021年2月1日治疗≥12个月,分别对A、B组中的常规治疗组以及持续气道正压通气（CPAP）组的血清指标、量表、PSG、冠脉造影结果及不良心血管事件再次进行比较。结果治疗前B组患者AHI、体质量指数（BMI）、吸烟、高血压及2型糖尿病人数;总胆固醇（TG）、甘油三脂（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）;Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth sleepiness scale,ESS）、汉密顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale,HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA）评分;多血管病变、TIMI 0-1级及冠脉病变SYNTAX评分 均高于较A组,差异有统计学意义。治疗≥12个月后,A组+CPAP组较常规治疗组,AHI及ESS评分降低,最低动脉血氧饱和度（lowest arterial oxygen saturation,LSaO2）增加（P <0.05）;HAMA评分、HAMD评分、血清指标、TIMI及SYNTAX评分及不良心血管事件的发生两组间比较无统计学意义（P 均＞0.05）。B组+CPAP组较常规治疗组,ESS、HAMA、HAMD评分、AHI降低, LSaO2增加,TG、TC及HCY降低,TIMI 0-2级及SYNTAX评分高于A组（P <0.05）,各种不良心血管事件的发生显著降低。结论　重度较轻中度OSAHS合并CHD患者冠脉病变程度重,CPAP治疗有利于重度OSAHS合并CHD的长期预后。     

Effectiveness of multilevel (tongue and palate) radiofrequency tissue ablation for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of multilevel (tongue base and palate) temperature controlled radiofrequency tissue ablation (TCRFTA) for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The secondary objective is to compare multilevel TCRFTA to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study is a controlled case series of one investigator's experience with multilevel TCRFTA for patients with OSAS. Twenty-two subjects with mild to severe OSAS, without tonsil hypertrophy, completed multilevel TCRFTA (mean 4.8 tongue base and 1.8 palate treatment sessions) and had both pre- and posttreatment polysomnography. Primary outcomes included change from baseline in apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), daytime somnolence, and reaction time testing measured 2 to 3 months after TCRFTA. Secondary outcomes included change in other respiratory parameters, OSAS related quality of life, and upper airway size. Comparison of 18 patients treated with TCRFTA for mild to moderate OSAS (AHI > 5 and < or = 40) is made with 11 matched patients treated with nasal CPAP for mild to moderate OSAS. RESULTS: Multilevel TCRFTA significantly improved AHI (P = .001), apnea index (P = .02), as well as respiratory and total arousal indices (P = .0002 and P = .01). Significant improvement with moderate or large treatment effect sizes were noted for OSAS related quality of life (P = .01) and daytime somnolence (P = .0001), with a trend toward significant improvement in reaction time testing (P = .06), with mean posttreatment normalization of all three outcome measures. Fifty-nine percent of subjects demonstrated at least a 50% reduction in AHI to less than 20. The targeted upper airway, measured in the supine position, demonstrated a trend toward significant improvement in mean cross sectional area (P = .05) and volume (P = .10). Side effects of TCRFTA were infrequent, mild, and self-limited. No significant correlation between pretreatment parameters and outcome improvement was noted. Nasal CPAP resulted in significant improvement in AHI (P = .0004) to near normal levels, with an associated improvement in OSAS related quality of life (P = .02) and a trend toward significant improvement in daytime somnolence (P = .06). Reaction time testing demonstrated no significant improvement (P = .75). No significant differences were seen for change in AHI, OSAS related quality of life, daytime somnolence, or reaction time testing between multilevel TCRFTA and CPAP. CONCLUSION: Multilevel (tongue base and palate) TCRFTA is a low-morbidity, office-based procedure performed with local anesthesia and is an effective treatment option for patients with OSAS. On average, abnormalities in daytime somnolence, quality of life, and reaction time testing demonstrated improvement from baseline and were normalized after treatment. Polysomnographic respiratory parameters also demonstrated significant improvement with multilevel TCRFTA.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术后持续正压通气治疗

观察悬雍垂腭咽成形术（ｕｖｕｌｏｐｌａｔｏｐｈａｒｙｇｏｐｌａｓｔｙ,ＵＰＰＰ）后疗效不佳的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｖｅｓｌｅｅｐａｐｎｅａｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＯＳＡＳ）患者为手术组行持续正压通气（ｃｏｎｔｎｕｏｕｓｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅａｉｒｗａｙｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ,ＣＰＡＰ）治疗的效果。方法１５例ＵＰＰＰ术后呼吸暂停低通气指数（ａｐｎｏｅａ－ｈｙｐｏｎｏｅａｉｎｄｅｘ,ＡＨＩ）仍大于     

Evolution of mild obstructive sleep apnea after different treatments

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognosis of mild obstructive sleep apnea in relation to different treatment modalities. STUDY DESIGN: An open, retrospective, longitudinal follow-up study. METHODS: Fifty adult patients diagnosed and treated for mild obstructive sleep apnea at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Kuopio University Hospital between 1998 and 2004 had a control polysomnography in 2005. The changes in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were observed in untreated (n = 28), operative (n = 11), and continuous positive airway pressure (n = 11) treatment groups at a long-term follow-up visit. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 4 (range, 1.3-9.0; SD, 1.9) years. The untreated patients had a statistically significant increase in AHI (13.3, SD 18.3) at the follow-up. Half of these patients developed a moderate or severe degree of sleep apnea, and only 11% were cured. In patients who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure, the degree of obstructive sleep apnea became worse in 64% of cases, and in 27% of patients, the AHI returned to normal (<5). The degree of obstructive sleep apnea in operated patients deteriorated only in 18%, and in 27% of the patients, the AHI returned to normal (<5). CONCLUSIONS: Mild obstructive sleep apnea has a natural tendency to worsen with time. Active treatment of mild obstructive sleep apnea appears, therefore, to be advisable.     

Surgical treatment of patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

No standard indications currently exist for surgical treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We treated 15 patients with severe OSAS surgically, evaluated surgical indications, and evaluated surgical success. We retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of surgery for OSAS in which polysomnography met 2 or more criteria for the following surgical indications: (1) apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 50, (2) minimum SpO2 below 80%, and (3) enlarged tonsils (grade III, Mackenzie's classification). Among the 15, mean AHI was 85.1. Surgery was done under general anesthesia, with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in 13 and tonsillectomy alone in 2. Postoperative AHI was measured in 9 patients. According to Nishimura's criteria for assessing surgical success, improvement was "excellent" in 5, "good" in 1, "fair" in 1, and "poor" in 2. When we compared preoperative and postoperative use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 7, we found that surgery decreased CPAP requirements. Surgical success was assessed in patients requiring CPAP and improvement was "excellent" in 5, "good" in 1, and "fair" in 1. In conclusion, surgical indications for severe OSAS, including the criterion of enlarged tonsils, were useful. Surgery decreased CPAP requirements and the degree of improvement in this requirement and AHI was valuable in assessing surgical success.     

Hyoidthyroidpexia: a surgical treatment for sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of primary hyoidthyroidpexia (HTP) and HTP after previous uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with obstruction at tongue base level and moderate to severe sleep apnea syndrome underwent HTP. Seventeen patients underwent surgery after an unsuccessful UPPP (secondary HTP), and in 14 patients, primary HTP was performed. RESULTS: Patients who underwent primary HTP showed a significant decrease in apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (P = .007), whereas those patients who had secondary HTP did not (P = .06). Overall, the AHI significantly changed (P = .0005). Visual analogue scales for snoring and hypersomnolence and the Epworth sleepiness scores showed significant improvement for both groups, without any difference between them. HTP was considerably less painful when compared with UPPP. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that HTP, in particular as primary treatment in cases of obstruction at tongue base level, is a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of moderate to severe OSAS. Selection criteria are moderate to severe OSAS with preferably a body mass index less than 27, multilevel obstruction with emphasis on the base of tongue, small tonsils, and normal uvula, without a floppy epiglottis or a palatal stenosis after UPPP.     

正常血压OSAS患者血清胎球蛋白A、颈动脉硬化指数和动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性分析

目的 探讨血压正常阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清胎球蛋白A、颈动脉硬化指数及动脉内膜中层厚度的关系。方法 选取血压正常OSAS患者64例作为病例组,健康体检人员30例作为对照组。检测并比较两组患者血清胎球蛋白A、颈动脉硬化指数(CSI)及动脉内膜中层厚度(cIMT)的差异。睡眠监测仪检测患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),分析病例组患者AHI与颈动脉硬化指数及动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性,分析胎球蛋白A与颈动脉硬化指数及动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性。结果 病例组患者颈动脉硬化指数及动脉内膜中层厚度显著高于对照组,而血清胎球蛋白A显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。病例组AHI评分显著高于对照组;病例组最低血氧饱和度仅为(68.42±11.65)%,显著低于对照组的(92.55±4.64)%(P＜0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,病例组患者AHI与cIMT及CSI之间均存在正相关(r=0.421, r=0.502; P＜0.05),胎球蛋白A与cIMT及CSI之间均存在负相关(r=-0.515, r=-0.404; P＜0.05)。结论 低血清胎球蛋白A水平与正常血压OSAS患者亚临床颈动脉硬化显著相关。     

血浆NPY和β-EP与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)和β内啡肽(β-EP)水平的差异。方法将接受多导睡眠仪监测的打鼾患者根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度、中度、重度OSAS组和非OSAS组,每组纳入12例。使用酶联免疫法测定所有研究对象的血浆NPY和β-EP水平。结果各组研究对象的体重指数(BMI)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);AHI与BMI成正相关(Spearman系数为0.510)。各组血浆NPY水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且4组之间NPY水平两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各组血浆β-EP水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),4组之间β-EP水平两两比较,非OSAS组与中度及重度OSAS组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论OSAS患者血浆NPY及β-EP水平高于非OSAS患者,NPY和β-EP可能参与了OSAS的发生发展。     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征围手术期持续正压通气治疗

OBJECTIVE: (1) To investigate the severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients' perioperative variations of their polysomnographic indices, to discuss the necessity for their perioperative treatment; (2) To investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on severe OSAHS patients during their perioperative period. METHODS: (1) 21 cases severe OSAHS patients were selected for at least 7 days preoperative CPAP therapy, and this group of patients were also given 3 continuous nights autotitrated CPAP (AutoSet) therapy postoperatively, i.e., the first 3 nights after operation. The 21 cases were remonitored with PSG during the second night after operation with their AutoSet ON. And all the 21 cases had revised uvulopalatopharygoplasty, in which the uvula is reserved completely. All patients apnea hypopnea index(AHI), lowest SaO2 (LSaO2), and sleep structure indices were calculated. (2) Another 24 cases of severe OSAHS patients without preoperative CPAP therapy or tracheotomy were selected as the control group, all patients received polysomnography (PSG) on the second night postoperatively. RESULTS: (1) 6 cases' condition of the control group got worse during the second night after operation, their LSaO2 are lower and their AHI got higher than pre-operation. For the another 18 cases, their condition got better than before operation. (2) 21 cases' AHI and LSaO2 are 61.1 +/- 9.9, 65.0% +/- 9.6% respectively before CPAP treatment, and the AHI and LSaO2 are 2.2 +/- 1.4, 94.5% +/- 2.9% during CPAP therapy. P < 0.001 (TTEST). All the 21 cases main symptoms disappeared after 1 week CPAP therapy. All 21 cases could tolerate AutoSet treatment well for the first 3 nights after operation. During the 2nd night with AutoSet therapy, the AHI and LSaO2 are 3.6 +/- 1.8 and 93.7% +/- 3.4% respectively. (3) For the 2nd night after operation, the CPAP and AutoSet treating group's AHI is lower than that of the control group, also the LSaO2 is higher, the deep and REM sleep stages are longer, and the S1, S2 sleep stages are shorter than that of the latter. CONCLUSION: For severe OSAHS patients, the postoperative condition has the possibility of getting worse. Perioperative CPAP therapy can have OSAHS patients severe condition alleviated, so the perioperative risks could be lowered; During the first 3 postoperative nights, AutoSet can be well tolerated by severe OSAHS patients.     

Epworth嗜睡量表和微觉醒指数在单纯鼾症患者病情评估的价值

目的 探讨Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)和微觉醒指数在单纯鼾症患者病情评估的价值。 方法 经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的358例单纯鼾症患者,按嗜睡程度分为3组,即嗜睡轻度组(ESS≤12)、中度组(13≤ESS≤17)、重度组(18≤ESS),分别对各组间微觉醒指数(MAI)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、呼吸暂停指数(AI)、低通气指数(HI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO₂)、体质量指数(BMI)进行比较。ESS与MAI进行相关性分析。 结果 轻度嗜睡组286例,中度嗜睡组43例,重度嗜睡组29例,3组间AHI、AI、HI、LSaO₂、BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),轻度组与重度组、中度组与重度组间微觉醒指数差异有统计学意义(U=-8.030, -5.604, P<0.05),轻度组与中度组微觉醒指数差异无统计学意义(U=-1.623, P>0.05),ESS与MAI呈正相关(r=0.331, P<0.05)。 结论 Epworth嗜睡量表和微觉醒指数对单纯鼾症患者病情评估有重要价值。     

Epworth嗜睡量表联合家庭便携式睡眠监测诊断成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的　评价Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）筛查出可疑阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）患者,再应用家庭便携式睡眠监测（por table monitoring,PM）诊断OSAS的价值。方法  以睡眠打鼾为主要症状就诊于北京同仁医院的成年患者,于睡眠监测中心接受整夜多道睡眠图（PSG）监测,同时填写ESS,1周内完成PM。以PSG监测呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）为依据,将研究对象分为单纯打鼾轻度OSAS组（AHI<15次/h）和中重度OSAS组（AHI≥15次/h）;比较两组间ESS评分、PM呼吸紊乱指数（respiratory disturbance index,RDI）,分析ESS评分、RDI与A HI的相关性;计算ESS评分≥9分、RDI≥15次/h诊断中重度OSAS的敏感度和特异度。结果　共纳入51例研究对象,其中男42例（82.4%）,女9例（17.6%）;平均年龄（43.8±10.8）岁;平均体质量指数（27.9±4.5）kg/m2;ESS评分1～24分,平均（8.6±5.0）分,其中ESS评分≥9分患者18例;A HI为2.5～99.8次/h,平均（37.4±29.8）次/h,其中单纯打鼾轻度OSAS组19例（37.3%）、中重度OSAS组32例（62.7%）。中重度OSAS组ESS评分高于单纯打鼾轻度OSAS组[（9.9±5.1）分vs（6.6±4.2）分]（P <0.05）,中重度OSAS组RDI明显高于单纯打鼾轻度OSAS组[（49.4±23.1）次/h vs（6.8±4.5）次/h]（P <0.001）。ESS评分与A H I相关性分析,r =0.435,P =0.002;单纯打鼾轻度OSAS组,RDI与AHI相关性分析,r =0.706,P =0.001;中重度OSAS组,RDI与AHI相关性分析,r =0.873,P =0.000;ESS评分≥9分患者,RDI与AHI相关性分析,r =0.967,P =0.000。ESS评分≥9分诊断中重度 OSAS的敏感度45.2%,特异度78.9%;RDI≥15次/h诊断中重度OSAS的敏感度84.4%,特异度84.2%;ESS评分≥9分患者,RDI≥15次/h诊断中重度OSAS的敏感度100.0%,特异度100.0%。结论　ESS联合PM诊断方法具有很好的诊断中重度OSAS的应用价值。