修正性鼻内镜手术疗效与影响因素

目的　分析修正性鼻内镜手术的临床疗效,了解其相关影响因素。方法　对我院行修正性鼻内镜手术80例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS）患者临床资 料进行回顾性分析,采用鼻内镜检查评分、CT检查评分及视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分等进行疗效评定,分析手术临床疗效及影响因素。结果　80例CRS患者62例痊愈,11例好转,7例无效,总有效率为91.25%。单因素分析显示手术次数、鼻息肉史、变应性鼻炎史与随访依从性对手术疗效影响较大（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响临床疗效的主要危险因素包括手术次数、变应性鼻炎史、VAS评分、鼻内镜检查评分、鼻息肉史、CT检查评分、鼻腔粘连和随访依从性（相对危险度1.4～2.8）。结论　手术次数、变应性鼻炎史、鼻息肉史与随访依从性是影响修正性鼻内镜手术疗效的最关键因素。     

鼻腔冲洗方式对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻内镜术后鼻腔粘连的影响

目的　探讨鼻腔冲洗方式对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者鼻内镜术后鼻腔粘连发生的影响。方法　2017年10月～2020年10月间在漯河市中心医院接受择期鼻内镜手术治疗的CRS患者260例,参照随机数表法将入组患者分为盥洗组、喷雾组各130例。术后随访3个月并根据是否并发鼻腔粘连分为鼻腔粘连组（n=27）和非鼻腔粘连组（n=233）。对比盥洗组、喷雾组手术前后视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、主观不适感受评分值、术后鼻腔粘连发生率的差异。采用logistics回归模型分析CRS患者鼻内镜术后鼻腔粘连发生 的危险因素。结果　术后3个月,盥洗组患者的VAS评分值低于喷雾组（P＜0.05）;盥洗组患者的鼻腔干燥、鼻塞、鼻腔分泌物评分值低于喷雾组患者（P＜0.05）;鼻腔粘连发生率低于喷雾组（P＜0.05）。鼻腔粘连组、非鼻腔粘连组患者的性别、年龄、生活习惯、患侧、药物治疗史的分布差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;病程、合并鼻息肉、鼻腔冲洗方式分布差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistics回归分析结果显示,病程＞8年、合并鼻息肉是CRS患者鼻内镜术后并发鼻腔粘连的独立危险因素,术后鼻腔盥洗是并发鼻腔粘连的保护性因素（P＜0.05）。结论　鼻腔盥洗可有效改善CRS患者鼻内镜术疗效,且是术后并发鼻腔粘连的保护性因素。     

应用Logistic回归分析鼻内镜下治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎效果影响因素

目的探讨鼻内镜下手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床治疗效果及影响因素。方法选择我院2010年1月-2011年12月行鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者270例,其中不伴有鼻息肉慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者146例,伴鼻息肉者124例。收集相关临床资料,对鼻内镜术后6个月进行疗效评定,并应用Logistic回归分析影响手术治疗效果的危险因素。结果鼻内镜下手术治疗270例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者,总体病情完全控制率达87．78％（237／270）;不伴鼻息肉组病情完全控制率达92．47％（135／146）明显高于伴鼻息肉组82．26％（102／124）（X^2=6．512,P=0．011）,不伴鼻息肉组手术疗效明显优于伴鼻息肉组（X^2=7．539,P=0．023）;Logistic回归分析显示临床类型、是否伴有变应性鼻炎、VAS评分、Lund-Mackay评分、Lund—Kennedy评分、是否复发、术后随访依从性是影响手术疗效的主要因素。结论Logistic回归分析显示鼻内镜下治疗慢性鼻一鼻窦炎疗效除与是否伴有鼻息肉有关外,还与其他多种因素相关。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术后近期失访患者的远期疗效评估

目的：探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜鼻窦手术后3个月内失访患者的远期疗效及影响因素。方法：收集153例鼻内镜鼻窦手术后1年以上且术后3个月内失访患者的临床资料,对其进行追踪调查,评价其远期疗效。分析患者的临床资料,包括：性别、年龄、文化程度、病程、吸烟、饮酒、前期手术史、变应性鼻炎、是否伴有鼻息肉、视觉模拟量表评分、鼻内镜检查评分、CT检查评分、手术医生的内镜手术经验（年限）、术后鼻用糖皮质激素使用、术后鼻腔冲洗等,对结果进行Logistic回归分析。结果：153例患者远期疗效评定,病情完全控制32例（20.9%）,病情部分控制74例（48.4%）,病情未控制47例（30.7%）。经多因素Logistic回归分析,CRS不伴鼻息肉、不伴变应性鼻炎、无前期手术史、CT评分在5分以下、由内镜手术经验在5年以上的医生手术、术后鼻用糖皮质激素使用超过4周的失访患者的临床疗效优于相应组别的患者,均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）。结论：慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后应强调随访的重要性,并根据患者的病情制定相应的随访计划,部分病变轻、手术适当的患者可减少或不做术腔处理。     

鼻内镜治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎术后疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析200例经鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻一鼻窦炎患者的临床资料,通过t检验了解术后疗效,Logistic回归模型分析影响慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者手术预后的诸因素。结果患者术后症状明显改善,相关因素分析表明慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者是否伴有鼻息肉、是否长期应用鼻减充血剂、是否有前期鼻窦手术史、是否伴变应性鼻炎病史、是否坚持鼻内镜术后的综合治疗是影响慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术预后的相关因素。结论功能性鼻内镜手术作为治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、鼻息肉最有效的临床方法之一,能够明显地改善患者的症状,同时强调鼻内镜术后的综合治疗,包括术后随访和鼻腔清理,鼻内糖皮质激素、黏液稀化剂和抗生素的联合应用。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴或不伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)伴或不伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术的疗效及其影响因素。 方法 纳入126例伴鼻息肉和154例不伴鼻息肉的CRS患者,行鼻内镜手术治疗后随访6个月,比较两组患者的疗效、并发症和生活质量,并分析疗效的影响因素。 结果 两组疗效和并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后CRS伴或不伴鼻息肉患者的生活质量SF-36问卷躯体健康、躯体角色功能、心理健康、情绪角色功能、精力和总体健康得分均较前显著升高(P<0.05),CRS不伴鼻息肉患者的情绪角色功能显著高于CRS伴鼻息肉患者(t=-4.107, P<0.001);治疗后规律冲洗鼻腔(P<0.001, OR=0.456, 95%CI: 0.727~0.913)和规律使用激素(P=0.029, OR=0.645, 95%CI: 0.325~0.752)对疗效有显著影响。 结论 鼻内镜手术对CRS伴或不伴鼻息肉患者的疗效和安全性无差别,但不伴鼻息肉的患者术后情绪角色功能恢复更佳,CRS的疗效还受到术后是否规律行鼻腔冲洗和激素的影响,因此临床应重视术后处理。     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉270例的临床分析

目的研究使用鼻内镜手术方法治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的方法及影响因素。方法回顾性分析江苏省苏北人民医院2010年1月~2016年1月收治的270例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的临床资料,治疗上均行鼻内镜手术治疗,术后随访2年,分别记录术前、术后1年、术后2年的视觉模拟量表(VAS评分)和鼻内镜检查计分(Lund-Kennedy评分),评估手术效果。结果术前、术后1年、术后2年的视觉模拟量表(VAS评分)分别为:(6.3±0.9)、(4.9±0.9)、(3.8±1.0);术前、术后1年、术后2年的鼻内镜检查计分(Lund-Kennedy评分)分别为:(8.4±1.9)、(4.5±1.7)、(3.6±1.0)。术后一年、两年的评分均较术前有明显降低(P0.01)。结论鼻内镜手术在治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉方面,疗效明显,在术前、术中、术后需要注意相关影响因素,以提高手术的成功率,提高患者的生活质量。     

单侧翼管神经切断术治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效及影响因素分析

目的探索单侧翼管神经切断术治疗变应性鼻炎（AR）的临床疗效,并分析影响疗效的相关因素。方法选取2013年1月—2017年1月山西医科大学第二医院收治的130例中-重度AR患者为研究对象,所有患者均于鼻内镜下行单侧翼管神经切断术,并收集相关资料,包括年龄、性别、病程、吸烟与否、有无尘螨及花粉过敏、有无鼻息肉及哮喘、视觉模拟量表评分 (VAS)。评估术后1年的临床治疗效果,同时采用Logistic回归法分析影响疗效的相关因素。结果130例AR患者有效率为75.38%（98/130）,无效率为24.61%（32/130）;Logistic回归分析显示,合并鼻息肉是影响术后疗效的主要因素（P<0.05）。结论单侧翼管神经切断术治疗AR能够获得较好的临床效果,安全性好,合并鼻息肉是影响术后疗效的危险因素。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术预后的临床影响因素分析

目的 分析慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS)手术预后影响因素,为CRS的治愈提供有效借鉴。 方法 随机选取90例2014年5月至2015年11月收治的CRS患者,均行鼻窦冠状位CT扫描与鼻内镜检查确诊。行连续糖皮质激素喷鼻(每日200 μg)与抗炎治疗3 d后,实施鼻内镜手术治疗,对影响手术治疗效果的相关因素进行分析。 结果 术前患者头部胀痛、鼻塞以及鼻后滴漏症状非常严重,术后患者以上症状获得有效改善,但全身不适感与嗅觉减退症状改善并不显著。患者术后24周、48周的视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale, VAS)评分相比于术前存在明显差异(P<0.05)。患者并发鼻息肉与否、长期使用鼻减充血剂与否、有鼻窦手术治疗史与否、手术治疗后坚持实施综合治疗与否是对手术预后产生影响的相关因素。 结论 CRS行鼻内镜手术治疗治疗效果较为确切,可有效改善患者临床症状。术前认真询问患者以往病史,强化对患者变应原检测,术后行后续综合治疗,对患者术后治疗效果的提升具有重要意义。     

重组人表皮生长因子对鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜术后创面上皮化的影响

目的　探讨重组人表皮生长因子（recombinant human epidermal growth factor,rhEGF）对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者鼻内镜术后创面上皮化的影响。方法　选择110例CRS行双侧鼻内镜手术患者,对照组（右侧鼻腔）行鼻腔冲洗以及类固醇激素喷鼻,实验组（左侧鼻腔）加用rhEGF喷鼻,在术后2周、4周、3个月、6个月鼻内镜检查评估鼻腔黏膜情况及主观症状的视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,比较鼻腔黏膜情况、完全上皮化比例、主观症状的VAS评分。结果　术后2周实验组鼻腔黏膜情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）,但主观症状VAS评分无明显差异（P >0.05）;术后4周及3个月时实验组鼻腔黏膜情况、上皮化比例以及主观症状VAS评分均优于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后6个月时则无差异（P >0.05）。结论　CRS患者鼻内镜术后用rhEGF喷鼻,可缩短术后上皮化时间、改善鼻腔黏膜情况及患者主观症状,值得临床应用。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.