重组人促甲状腺激素和促再分化药物在分化型甲状腺癌中的应用

131Ⅰ去除术后残留甲状腺组织和131I治疗转移灶是分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)联合治疗方案中的重要组成部分。治疗前,最关键的准备是使促甲状腺激素(TSH)升高到适合的水平。重组人促甲状腺激素(rhTSH)可以有效地使血清TSH水平升高,rhTSH与内源TSH有相同的结构和生物活性,应用rhTSH副作用轻微,并可避免因停用甲状腺激素治疗而使患者出现的甲减症状。部分DTC患者的癌灶会发生失分化,造成病情恶化、预后变差,并对131Ⅰ治疗不再敏感。以异维甲酸为代表的促进再分化药物的研究已进入Ⅱ期临床阶段,取得了一定的突破,成为失分化DTC患者131Ⅰ治疗前准备的重要手段。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后131I清甲效果的影响因素

利用131I清除甲状腺癌术后残留甲状腺组织(清甲)是分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后治疗中的重要步骤.清甲效果受诸多因素影响,包括口服131I的剂量、DTC的手术方式、术后甲状腺组织残留量、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)与甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平、有无淋巴结及远处转移、手术距13I治疗时间的长短等.使用较大剂量131I进行清甲、采取甲状腺全切或近全切除术方式、131I治疗前较高水平的TSH,以及术后及时开始131I治疗等有助于提高清甲成功率.131I治疗前患者血清Tg水平偏高或存在转移灶,应适当加大131I治疗剂量.患者性别、年龄、病理类型等对清甲成功与否无明显影响.     

分化型甲状腺癌术后首次131I清甲效果影响因素的分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后首次行131I清甲治疗疗效的影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2013年4月至2022年3月于河北医科大学第四医院行DTC全切或近全切术后首次行131I 治疗的159例患者的临床资料,其中男性51例、女性108例,年龄24~78（46.5±11.9）岁。将患者按首次行131I治疗的剂量（2.96 GBq、3.70 GBq和5.55~7.40 GBq）分为3组进行研究。按清甲成功的判断标准,即131I 治疗后（4±1）个月131I诊断性全身显像示甲状腺床无放射性浓聚,分析患者的性别、年龄、手术方式、131I治疗前血清甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）水平及促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平、131I治疗距离手术的时间、131I治疗剂量对清甲效果的影响。计数资料的组间比较采用χ2检验。 结果 159例DTC患者首次行131I清甲的成功率为70.4%（112/159）。2.96 GBq组的首次131I清甲成功率为58.3%（21/36）,3.70 GBq组为69.2%（63/91）,5.55~7.40 GBq组为87.5%（28/32）,3组间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.071,P<0.05) 。手术方式为全切的DTC患者的清甲成功率为74.2%（95/128）,高于近全切患者的54.8%（17/31）,且差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.502,P<0.05）。治疗前TSH水平≥30 mU/L患者清甲成功率为73.9%（99/134）,高于治疗前TSH水平<30 mU/L患者的52.0%（13/25）,且差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.844,P<0.05）。患者在性别、年龄、131I治疗前血清Tg水平以及131I治疗距离手术的时间之间的差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.311~3.073,均P>0.05）。 结论 131I治疗剂量、手术方式、131I治疗前TSH水平是影响DTC全切或近全切患者清甲成功率的因素。     

重组人促甲状腺激素在甲状腺疾病诊治中的应用

重组人TSH (rhTSH)于1998年在国外进入临床应用,其临床适应证由辅助DTC患者的随访检查和检测逐渐扩展到辅助131I清除手术后残留甲状腺组织.近期研究表明,rhTSH在辅助131I治疗DTC转移灶、辅助131I治疗非毒性结节性甲状腺肿、提高18F-FDG PET对甲状腺癌的诊断效能及对先天性甲状腺功能减退症的病因鉴别诊断等多方面亦有应用潜力.     

分化型甲状腺癌肺转移灶早期显影与131Ⅰ疗效关系分析

目的 探讨DTC肺转移患者首次应用131Ⅰ清除甲状腺组织(简称清甲)时肺转移灶显像与131Ⅰ治疗效果的关系,及影响肺转移灶早期显影的因素.方法 回顾分析1997至2009年41例DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时肺转移灶显影情况,评价131Ⅰ治疗DTC肺转移疗效.疗效评价分临床治愈、好转和无效.前两者为治疗有效.采用SPSS 11.5软件,对有效率、有无远处转移、显像特点进行x2检验及交叉分类2 ×2列联表关联分析.结果 41例患者中8例为临床治愈,18例好转,有效率63%(26/41),14例无效,1例患者死亡,无效率37%(15/41).清甲治疗时肺部转移灶显影患者131Ⅰ治疗有效率76%(22/29),随访和重复治疗中显影患者131Ⅰ治疗有效率为33%(4/12),两者差异有统计学意义(x2=4.911,P＝0.027);肺转移灶131Ⅰ摄取呈弥漫性或局灶性,两者间有效率分别为67%(12/18)和61%(14/23),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.146,P=0.702);肺外有远处转移者131Ⅰ治疗DTC肺转移灶有效率为22%(2/9),无远处转移者有效率为75%(24/32),差异有统计学意义(x2=6.312,P=0.012);83%(24/29)行甲状腺全切的患者在首次清甲治疗时即有肺转移灶显影,而行甲状腺部分切除患者中仅有42%(5/12),甲状腺手术方式与肺转移灶早期显影有相关性(r=0.411,P＜0.05);乳头状癌和滤泡状癌患者中首次清甲治疗时肺转移灶早期显影患者分别为72%(23/32)和6/9,病理分型和肺转移灶显影早晚无关(r=0.047,P＞0.05).结论 DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时转移灶显影阳性、无肺外远处转移灶者的131Ⅰ疗效好.     

影响分化型甲状腺癌术后^131I清甲治疗疗效的因素分析

目的回顾性分析分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后残余甲状腺组织^131I清除治疗疗效的影响因素。方法对80例DTC术后首次接受^131I清除甲状腺残余组织（简称清甲）治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。以小剂量^131I全身显像的方法作为^131I清甲疗效的判断依据,显像中甲状腺床位置未见放射性浓聚视为清甲成功。分别采用,检验和Binary Logistic多因素回归分析的方法,研究患者性别、年龄（〈45岁和≥45岁）、病理类型（乳头状癌和滤泡状癌）、甲状腺外有无转移、残余甲状腺质量（少、中、多）、24h甲状腺吸碘率（〈10％、10％～20％、〉20％）、血清甲状腺球蛋白（Tg,阴性和阳性）和促甲状腺激素（TSH,〈30、30～60、〉60mU／L）水平及^131I剂量（〈1850MBq、1850—3700MBq、〉3700MBq）对^131I清甲疗效的影响。结果80例DTC术后患者,一次^131I治疗成功清甲为58例,有效率为72．5％。经,检验,24h甲状腺吸碘率、残余甲状腺质量及^131I剂量3项变量对^131I清甲治疗的疗效产生影响,各组内疗效比较差异有统计学意义（x^2=8．892,9．528,15．085,P=0．012,0．009,0．001）;而性别、年龄、病理类型、甲状腺外有无转移、血清Tg和TSH水平对^131I清甲治疗的疗效影响不显著,各组内疗效比较差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．486,0．051,0．322,0．010,0．006,2．575,P均〉0．05）。经Binary Logistic多因素回归分析,残余甲状腺质量（X1）和^131I剂量（X2）2项变量入选最终方程P=e^（-0.865-0.868X1＋1.677X2）/[1-e^（-0.865-0.868X1＋1.677X2）],Wald值分别为3．752和9．130,P值分别为0．049和0．003。结论DTC术后^131I清甲治疗的疗效主要取决于^131I治疗剂量和残余甲状腺的质量,与患者性别、年龄、病理类型、甲状腺外有无转移、血清Tg和TSH水平、甲状腺吸碘率无关。     

非高危分化型甲状腺癌低剂量和高剂量131I清甲疗效的分析

目的 研究应用低剂量（1.11 GBq）和高剂量（3.70 GBq）放射性131I清除非高危分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）术后残留甲状腺组织的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析行131I清甲治疗的63例非高危DTC患者的临床资料,采用Binary Logistic回归分析年龄、首次手术距清甲的时间间隔、甲状腺24 h摄碘率、血清TSH水平和清甲剂量对清甲疗效的影响;27例患者给予低剂量、36例患者给予高剂量的131I清甲治疗,采用Pearsonχ2检验分析低剂量和高剂量131I清甲疗效的差异,P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果 63例非高危DTC患者中,清甲成功者46例（73.02%,46/63）、未成功者17例（26.98%,17/63）;Binary Logistic回归分析显示,131I清甲剂量是清甲成功与否的主要影响因素（Wald=6.42,P=0.011）;27例给予低剂量131I清甲患者中有15例清甲成功,36例给予高剂量131I清甲者中31例清甲成功,Pearsonχ2检验结果表明,高剂量131I清甲成功率（86.11%,31/36）明显高于低剂量（55.56%,15/27）（χ2=7.311,P=0.007）。 结论 在临床实践中,当残余甲状腺组织较少时,对于非高危DTC患者可考虑采用高剂量131I清甲治疗,提高一次清甲成功率。     

手术联合131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌疗效探讨

目的 探讨手术联合131Ⅰ对分化型甲状腺癌的治疗效果.方法 将160例分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者根据术后是否接受131Ⅰ治疗分为观察组与对照组各80例.观察组给予手术+放射性131Ⅰ治疗,对照组给予手术+优甲乐治疗,观察两组治疗情况.结果 观察组首次“清甲”成功率为71.3％,甲状腺全切者首次“清甲”成功率显著高于次全切者(P＜0.01).术后131Ⅰ治疗对颈部淋巴结转移患者总有效率为95.3％,肺转移患者为82.6％,骨转移患者为64.3％.服用131Ⅰ后1周内不良反应发生率为38.8％(31/80),其中甲状腺全切者不良反应发生率显著低于次全切者(P＜0.05).随访至今,观察组复发转移发生率与患者存活率均显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 手术+131Ⅰ治疗DTC可在术后有效清除残留甲状腺组织及残留的微小癌,同时可对颈部淋巴结转移及肺转移灶进行治疗,可降低复发及转移率,远期效果较好.     

分化型甲状腺癌患者^131I治疗后体内残留放射性活度的评估

目的 评估分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者^131I治疗后体内残留放射性活度.方法 本研究共纳入了35例DTC患者,分为“清甲”（20例）与“清灶”（15例）组,分别于服^13I后2、6、24、48、72 h进行^131I全身显像及1m处当量剂量率的测定,以2h时显像计数和活度作为总计数和总活度.根据各时间点显像计数与2h的显像计数比值间接估算体内残留放射性活度,并估算患者体内残留放射性活度达到400 MBq时的1m处当量剂量率.统计学分析采用直线相关与回归分析.结果 “清甲”组服^131I后2、6、24、48、72 h体内残留^131I活度占服^131I总活度的百分比分别为99％±4％、86％±6％、35％±10％、12％±8％、7％±8％, “清灶”组分别为99％±1％、91％±7％、47％±17％、11％±9％、4％±6％. “清甲”组服^131I后2、6、24、48、72 h的1m处当量剂量率分别为（157±37）、（120±36）、（35±13）、（11±9）、（9±11）μSv/h,“清灶”组分别为（234±43）、（186±51）、（49±20）、（12±11）、（4±6）μSv/h.体内残留的放射性活度与1m处当量剂量率呈正相关（r=0.87,P＜0.001）.“清甲”与“清灶”组服^131I后48、72 h体内残留放射性活度分别为（432±292）、（265±281） MBq及（731±701）、（277±470） MBq,对应的1m处当量剂量率为8～ 11 μSv/h.结论 DTC患者服^131I后48～72 h体内残留放射性活度达到国家标准规定的400 MBq时,即DTC患者1m处当量剂量率达到8～11 μSv/h时方可出院.     

131Ⅰ显像及Tg值监测131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌肺转移灶疗效的探讨

目的 探讨131I显像和Tg在监测131I治疗DTC肺转移患者疗效中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2011年8月收治的DTC肺转移患者50例,分别以131I显像、Tg、131I显像+Tg 3种方法监测及评价131I治疗DTC肺转移灶效果.比较131I显像肺转移灶呈弥漫性摄取和局灶性摄取患者治疗有效率的差异,计算有无肺外远处转移患者的治疗有效率.按治疗前及治疗中Tg水平将患者分为3组:＜ 100 μg/L、100 ～ 1000 μg/L和＞1000 μg/L组,比较3组治疗有效率差异.131I治疗前后Tg比较及不同组Tg间的比较采用秩和检验.独立二分类资料比较采用x2检验及Fisher确切概率法.结果 50例治疗前131I显像阴性2例,131I显像阳性48例.48例阳性患者中,治疗后11例显像阴性,24例病灶好转,有效率73％(35/48).肺转移灶呈131I弥漫性摄取与局灶性摄取者的有效率分别为69％(11/16)、75％(24/32),两者差异无统计学意义(x2=0.211,P ＞0.05).DTC肺外远处转移患者的疗效明显低于无肺外远处转移患者(x2 =3.868,P＜0.05),分别为3/10和70％(28/40).治疗后患者中位Tg水平由108.7 μg/L下降为78.3μg/L(Z=-0.698,P＞0.05).Tg升高患者17例,降低33例,按Tg判断治疗有效率66％(33/50).Tg＜ 100 μg/L组的疗效明显优于＞1000 μg/L组[80％ (20/25)与3/10,P=0.015],而100～1000 μg/L组与另外2组疗效间比较差异无统计学意义[67％(10/15),x2 =0.320,P＞0.05;P =0.111].综合131I显像及Tg结果判断,50例患者中6例临床治愈,25例好转,有效率62％ (31/50).结论 131I显像结合Tg是评价DTC肺转移131I治疗疗效的重要标准,Tg异常升高和肺外远处转移是DTC肺转移患者预后不良的因素.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.