胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤合并胰腺外恶性肿瘤特征荟萃分析

目的 探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)合并胰腺外恶性肿瘤(EPM)的部分临床特点,为临床诊治胰腺IPMN提供帮助.方法 以PubMed为检索数据库,对已发表的关于胰腺IPMN文献中经病理学证实的临床病例进行荟萃分析,尝试阐明胰腺IPMN病例并存EPM的发生率和EPM的发生部位(类型)及其比例.结果 共筛选出符合纳入排除标准的文献18篇,共汇集病例1327例,其中并存EPM病例363例,占 27.35％.该363例病例中,共统计到392处EPM.EPM几乎可发生于全身各个系统,以消化道及其相关来源恶性肿瘤最为多见,占总EPM数量的63.06％.结论 胰腺IPMN患者常合并EPM,以消化系统恶性肿瘤居多,提示在该疾病的诊治过程中不应忽视EPM的存在.在随访中,更应警惕新发EPM的可能,且在胰腺IPMN治疗方式的选择方面又增加了一个考虑因素.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤形态学特征与疾病良恶性的相关分析

目的 寻找与胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)良恶性相关的形态学特征以供临床实践参考.方法 研究尝试运用汇集分析的方法,通过对PubMed数据库中2011年6月30日以前所发表文献中经病理学证实的胰腺IPMN的形态学特征进行分析.主要分析数据为:性别特征、主胰管直径、囊性病变直径、壁结节情况、肿瘤的病理学类型(良、恶性).结果 共汇集文献98篇,胰腺IPMN病例1902例,其中良性1025例(53.89％),恶性877例(46.11％).胰腺IPMN形态学特征中,主胰管扩张(≥5 mm)、囊性病变尺寸较大(≥30 mm)及壁结节的存在与肿瘤的良恶性特征存在相关性,其OR值(95％CI)分别为5.591(3.657-8.548)、3.633(2.626-5.027)及4.983(3.872-6.412).结论 主胰管扩张(≥5 mm)、囊性病变尺寸较大(≥30 mm)及壁结节的存在均提示胰腺IPMN为恶性可能.胰腺IPMN的治疗应在对其临床诸多特征进行综合分析并评估其良恶性之后,结合患者的具体情况慎重决定.     

组织病理学分型在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤中的临床意义

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)是一类少见的胰腺囊性肿瘤,以胰腺导管上皮细胞乳头状异常增生合并大量黏液产生为特点。IPMN根据累及胰管不同,可以分为主胰管型、分支胰管型及混合型,病理学上表现为腺瘤至浸润癌多种类型。根据细胞形态及表达黏蛋白不同,可以分为胃型、肠型、胰胆管型及嗜酸细胞型。笔者结合既往文献及团队实践经验,分析组织病理学分型在胰腺IPMN中的临床意义,旨在提高外科医师对胰腺IPMN不同组织病理学类型的认识。     

胰管内乳头状黏液腺瘤的外科结果

该研究的目的是根据临床病理学特征评估胰腺胰管内乳头状黏液腺瘤（IPMN）的外科治疗结果。作者运用临床病理学对75例有IPMN的病人进行检查并评估适当的外科手术治疗方法，包括全胰切除、胰腺部分切除（胰十二指肠切除、远端胰腺切除和中段胰腺切除）。IPMN分成两种类型：主胰管型33例，分支胰管型24例。[第一段]     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤45例诊治分析

目的总结胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN)的临床特征、影像学表现及其病理学特征,以提高对胰腺IPMN的临床诊治效果。方法回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2014年2月至2019年2月期间行手术切除的胰腺IPMN患者的临床病理资料。结果本组共收集45例胰腺IPMN患者,其中男28例,女17例;年龄44～81岁、(65±21)岁,其中60岁者35例。主要临床表现是上腹部不适(26例),主要发生在胰头部(20例);24例CT检查确诊(58.5%,24/41),17例MRI检查确诊(81.0%,17/21)。25例行胰十二指肠切除、5例行胰腺部分切除、2例行胰腺肿瘤切除术、12例行胰体尾切除术、1例行全胰腺切除。有23例病灶有不同程度的异型增生(轻度异型增生15例、中度异型增生5例、重度异型增生3例);6例侵及胰腺及其周围脂肪组织,5例侵及胰腺外组织。出院后采用电话随访3～24个月,随访了32例患者,失访13例,在所有随访患者中,1年生存率为100%(28/28),2年生存率为96.4%(27/28);患者术后3、6、12、18和24个月行CT检查复查,均未见淋巴结转移。结论胰腺IPMN在老年人多见,主要表现为消化道症状如上腹部不适等非特异性症状,患者术前诊断主要靠CT和MRI检查,但MRI检查阳性率较高,外科手术是其主要治疗手段,术后病理切片可见不同程度的异型增生。     

胰腺原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤一例

正原发性胰腺淋巴瘤(primary pancreatic lymphoma,PPL)是在临床上较为少见的胰腺肿瘤,临床表现及影像学均缺乏特异性,易与胰腺癌混淆,导致误诊而延误治疗。PPL中以原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤最为多见。现报道我科收住入院的原发性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤1例,结合相关文献进行分析,以期加强临床工作中对此病的认识。病例患者女,47岁,因"上腹部疼痛伴乏力半月余"入院。     

38例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌的诊断和治疗方法.方法对1980年1月～2005年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的38例胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌患者的临床表现、检查、手术方式及预后进行了分析.结果胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌主要发生在胰体尾部（79%）,女性多见（84%）,肿瘤无特异性临床表现.超声和CT是主要的影像学检查方法,本组病例超声的诊断率为66%,CT为78%,血清肿瘤标志物检查对诊断意义不大.38例胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌中行胰十二指肠切除2例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除1例,胰体部分切除1例,胰体尾切除21例,肿瘤摘除8例.手术切除的28例胰腺囊腺瘤中25例获得随访,2例因其他疾病死亡,23例健在.8例胰腺囊腺癌手术切除5例,4例获得随访,3例存活.手术后胰瘘的发生率为28%.结论胰腺囊腺瘤手术切除后可以达到治愈,囊腺癌切除后也有较高的生存率.术中病理检查是术式选择的关键,对于诊断明确的良性肿瘤可行胰腺局部切除术,或行肿瘤摘除术.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的外科治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)的临床病理特征及预后.方法 回顾性研究2007年1月至2011年12月收治的56例胰腺IPMN患者的临床资料,分析不同类型IPMN的个体化治疗效果及预后.男性38例,女性18例,平均年龄(61±7)岁.其中主胰管型26例,分支胰管型18例,混合型12例.对累及主胰管或有临床症状的48例患者行手术治疗,包括胰十二指肠切除术29例,胰体尾切除术17例,全胰切除术2例.8例病灶最大径＜3 cm且无任何临床表现的分支胰管型患者未行手术治疗,予定期观察.结果 术后总并发症发生率为27.1％(13/48),无围手术期死亡病例.术后病理证实非浸润性肿瘤31例;浸润性癌17例,其中淋巴结阳性7例.主胰管型、混合型和分支胰管型病例中浸润癌分别占46.2％(12/26)、3/12和2/18,组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =6.385,P =0.041).非浸润性肿瘤与浸润性癌患者术后5年生存率分别为100％和24.6％;淋巴结阳性患者术后生存期低于淋巴结阴性的浸润性癌患者(P =0.017).8例未行手术治疗患者随访期间病灶无明显变化.结论 IPMN恶性程度较低,进展缓慢,预后较好.累及主胰管的IPMN患者浸润性癌的比例较高,应积极手术治疗.最大径＜3 cm的无症状分支胰管型患者可密切随访.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤的分子病理学研究进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤(IPMN)是一种较少见的胰腺囊性肿瘤,具有恶变为胰腺导管腺癌的风险,且一旦发生恶变,预后较差。目前国内外针对IPMN的研究较少,因此,更好地理解其发生发展的分子病理学机制对于该疾病的诊断、治疗和预后改善具有重要意义。已发现多种癌基因、抑癌基因、信号通路等分子参与了IPMN的发生发展及恶变过程,笔者着重对IPMN的分子病理学研究进展进行综述。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床病理学分析

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）是近几年才被逐渐认识的一类胰腺囊性肿瘤，约占临床诊断胰腺肿瘤的7．5％和手术切除胰腺肿瘤的16．3％，具有产生大量黏液蛋白、胰腺导管囊性扩张和伴有导管内乳头生成的特点。本文总结我院近年来诊治的24例IPMN患者的临床病理学资料，报告如下。[第一段]     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.