克拉霉素与阿莫西林分别联合奥美拉唑及甲硝唑治疗小儿消化性溃疡的效果比较

目的比较克拉霉素与阿莫西林分别联合奥美拉唑及甲硝唑治疗小儿消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法收集2012年1月-2014年3月该院消化内科和儿科收治确诊的小儿消化性溃疡患者210例,随机分为试验组和对照组各105例。2组均给予三联疗法治疗,但试验组给予克拉霉素联合奥美拉唑和甲硝唑治疗,对照组给予阿莫西林联合奥美拉唑和甲硝唑治疗。2组患儿均连续规范治疗30d,给予密切护理,观察统计2组患儿溃疡愈合率、幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)根除率、治疗有效率及不良反应发生率。结果试验组患儿溃疡愈合率、Hp根除率及治疗有效率均高于对照组,而不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论克拉霉素联合奥美拉唑及甲硝唑治疗较阿莫西林联合后二者治疗小儿消化性溃疡具有更高的治疗效果、溃疡愈合率和Hp根除率,且不良反应事件发生率更低。     

克拉霉素为主的三联疗法治疗小儿幽门螺旋杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的效果评价

目的评价克拉霉素为主的三联疗法治疗小儿幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)阳性消化性溃疡的疗效,为临床治疗小儿Hp阳性消化性溃疡提供依据。方法选取120例Hp阳性消化性溃疡患儿进行研究,选择2016年4月~2017年4月到我院儿科就诊患儿,随机将患儿分为两组,即治疗组60例采用克拉霉素、奥美拉唑、阿莫西林三联疗法治疗,对照组60例采用甲硝唑、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗,对两组患儿的临床疗效、Hp根除率、不良反应进行对比分析。结果与治疗组比较,对照组的总有效率明显更低,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组的Hp清除率更高,药物不良反应率更低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床治疗小儿Hp阳性消化性溃疡可采用克拉霉素为主的三联疗法效果显著,在Hp清除率、不良反应方面的优势均优于奥美拉唑为主的三联疗法。     

小儿消化性溃疡的不同药物治疗方法对比分析

目的:以三联疗法为研究视角探讨小儿消化性溃疡的药物治疗方法及疗效差异.方法:选取2014年5月~2015年4月我院收治的100例消化性溃疡患儿临床资料,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组采用基于奥美拉唑(+阿莫西林+克拉霉素)三联疗法治疗,对照组则采用雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素的三联疗法,评价临床疗效及不良反应.结果:观察组Hp根除率86.0%、不良反应发生率4.0%,优于对照组的74.0%和10.0%(P<0.05).两组临床疗效对比无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:①小儿消化性溃疡药物治疗方案较多,基于奥美拉唑的三联疗法与雷贝拉唑的三联疗法均有良好的效果;②奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素联合用药不良反应较少,更适合消化性溃疡患儿.     

奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗Hp阳性消化性溃疡临床观察

目的观察奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法将109例Hp阳性消化性溃疡患者随机分为治疗组54例和对照组55例。治疗组予以奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素三联疗法治疗,对照组予以雷尼替丁+阿莫西林+克拉霉素三联疗法治疗。比较2组临床疗效和Hp根除率,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组总有效率和Hp根除率分别为98.1%、92.6%,高于对照组的83.6%、70.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均未见严重不良反应。结论奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗Hp阳性消化性溃疡,疗效显著,Hp根除率高,且不良反应少。     

奥美拉唑或雷尼替丁三联疗法治疗小儿消化性溃疡疗效比较

目的比较奥美拉唑三联疗法与雷尼替丁三联疗法治疗小儿消化性溃疡的疗效。方法将2010年11月至2013年11月收治的78例小儿消化性溃疡患儿随机分为治疗组(40例)和对照组(38例)。治疗组患儿给予奥美拉唑三联疗法(奥美拉唑、克拉霉素联合阿莫西林)治疗,对照组患儿给予雷尼替丁三联疗法(雷尼替丁、克拉霉素联合阿莫西林)治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗组患儿愈合率[87.5%(35/40)]、总有效率[97.5%(39/40)]及Hp根除率[92.5%(37/40)]明显高于对照组[63.2%(24/38)、89.5%(34/38)、65.8%(25/38)],而复发率[2.5%(1/40)]低于对照组[5.3%(2/38)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿用药后不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论奥美拉唑三联疗法与雷尼替丁组三联疗法比较,Hp根除率、治愈率高,复发率低,值得在临床推广应用。     

奥美拉唑三联与四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡效果比较

目的：观察奥美拉唑三联和四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性的消化性溃疡临床疗效。方法154例Hp阳性的消化性溃疡患者分为四联组（70例）和三联组（84例）两组,分别给予奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林＋胶体果胶铋和奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林＋胶体果胶铋治疗,疗程均14d。观察两组临床疗效、Hp 根除率、6个月复发率和不良反应发生率。结果四联组的痊愈率、总有效率均高于三联组,差异具有统计学意义。治疗后四联组Hp 根除率明显高于三联组,差异有统计学意义;四联组6个月后复发率低于三联组,但差异无统计学意义。四联组不良反应发生率略低于三联组,但差异无统计学意义。结论奥美拉唑四联疗法治疗Hp 阳性的消化性溃疡疗效优于三联用药,是理想的根除Hp 和治疗Hp 相关性溃疡的方案。     

奥美拉唑三联治疗儿童消化性溃疡疗效观察

目的观察奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联治疗儿童消化性溃疡的临床效果。方法将82例Hp阳性的消化性溃疡患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各41例,观察组应用奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联疗法;对照组应用胶态次枸橼酸铋钾、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联疗法。观察两组患儿疼痛缓解时间,第1、2周临床症状改善情况及治疗期间药物不良反应;疗程结束4w后复查胃镜,比较两组HP清除率、溃疡愈合率、有效率。结果观察组患儿在疼痛缓解时间、第1、2w临床症状消失率等比较重均优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;溃疡愈合率、HP根除率、有效率及不良反应组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗儿童消化性溃疡总体疗效优于胶态次枸橼酸铋钾三联疗法,症状消失快、溃疡愈合迅速、Hp根治率较高,无明显不良反应,适于临床推广使用。     

泮托拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗消化性溃疡伴Hp感染80例疗效观察

目的 观察泮托拉唑与国产奥美拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗Hp阳性的消化性溃疡的溃疡愈合、Hp根除及复发的疗效.方法 将80例Hp阳性的消化性溃疡的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别用泮托拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林和奥美拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林进行治疗.结果 治疗组在一周症状缓解率、溃疡愈合率、Hp根除率、三月后溃疡及Hp复发率均有差异,但副反应无明显的差异.结论 泮托拉唑联合克拉霉素、阿莫西林在治疗Hp感染的消化性溃疡及防止溃疡、Hp复发均有较好的疗效.     

埃索美拉唑和奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗HP相关性消化性溃疡的疗效分析

目的:探析埃索美拉唑和奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗HP相关性消化性溃疡的疗效及对HP根除效果对比.方法:选取我院2015年1月～2017年2月收治的70例HP相关性消化性溃疡患者为研究对象,采用单双号法分为对照组(给予奥美拉唑、阿莫西林及克拉霉素)和观察组(给予埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林及克拉霉素),每组35例,同时观察两组临床疗效及Hp根除率.结果:观察组总有效率、Hp根除率分别为100.00％、94.29％明显高于对照组的85.71％、77.14％,经X2检验P<0.05.结论:在Hp相关性消化性溃疡治疗中,与奥美拉唑三联疗法相比,埃索美拉唑三联疗法的临床效果更显著,Hp根除率更高,值得临床推广.     

三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡疗效观察

目的观察三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter Pylori，简称HP）阳性消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法将2005年2月至2007年12月经胃镜检查和HP检测阳性的消化性溃疡患者，随机分为两组各30例，观察组采用三联疗法治疗，服用奥美拉唑20mg＋克拉霉素0．5g＋阿莫西林1g，2次／d，疗程1周；对照组仅给予奥美拉唑治疗，疗程2周，疗程结束后4周复查胃镜并检测Hp。结果观察组4周后溃疡愈合率为83．3％，HP根除率为76．7％；对照组为66．7％，Hp根除率63．3％，观察组疗效明显优于对照组，两组差异有统计学意义，（P〈0．05）。结论三联疗法（奥美拉唑、克拉霉素和阿莫西林）治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡临床疗效明显优于奥美拉唑单-治疗法，值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.