血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化患者复发性脑梗死的相关研究

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化患者复发性脑梗死的关系.方法:颈动脉粥样硬化患者140例,根据脑梗死次数,分为脑梗死复发组45例,脑梗死初发组47例,对照组48例;检测并比较各组血浆Hcy水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT).结果:颈动脉IMT值与血浆Hcy水平正相关;脑梗死复发组及初发组血浆Hc...     

天麻钩藤饮联合甲钴胺片对H型高血压血同型半胱氨酸水平的影响分析

目的：分析天麻钩藤饮联合甲钴胺片对降低H型高血压血同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。方法：选取2017年4月-2019年4月收治的60例H型高血压患者为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,各30例,对照组实施常规治疗,试验组实施联合治疗,对比患者治疗前后血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。结果：试验组治疗后血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平明显下降(P＜0.05)、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)下降(P＜0.05)。结论：治疗H型高血压时,运用天麻钩藤饮联合甲钴胺片,能明显降低患者血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,减少颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),在有效控制血压的基础上,可以降低心脑血管相关事件发生的概率。     

高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨高血压患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),以及血浆总Hcy与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法采用免疫酶标吸附法测定60例高血压患者、60例健康对照血浆总Hcy水平,采用彩色多普勒超声测定颈动脉IMT。结果高血压组血浆Hcy水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),颈动脉IMT高于对照组(P<0.05),出现颈动脉增厚及斑块的比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着斑块严重程度的增加,血浆总Hcy水平呈增高趋势,并与颈动脉斑块的发生率呈正相关(r=0.341,P<0.05)。颈动脉IMT与年龄(r=0.41,P<0.01)、总胆固醇(r=0.28,P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.37,P<0.05)、收缩压(r=0.35,P<0.01)呈正相关,与体重指数、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、舒张压无相关。结论高血压患者血浆总Hcy及颈动脉IMT明显增高,两者呈正相关;血浆高Hcy、年龄、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压增高是颈动脉粥样硬化的重要危险因素。     

老年高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法选取167例老年高血压患者作为研究组,另选择同期体检的36例健康者作为对照组,检测血压、Hcy、hs-CRP及颈动脉粥样硬化。按照1999年中国高血压防治指南标准将研究组患者分为高血压1级组(n=41)、高血压2级组(n=64)、高血压3级组(n=62)。根据颈动脉粥样硬化的超声结果,将老年高血压患者分为颈动脉颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)正常组(n=40)、颈动脉IMT增厚组(n=62)、颈动脉斑块形成组(n=65),并根据颈动脉粥样硬化的程度进行分级(0~4级)。结果老年高血压患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);高血压2级组和高血压3级组患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平均显著高于高血压1级组(P0.05),高血压3级组患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平均显著高于高血压2级组(P0.05);颈动脉IMT增厚组和颈动脉斑块形成组患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平均显著高于颈动脉IMT正常组(P0.05),颈动脉斑块形成组患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平均显著高于颈动脉IMT增厚组(P0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化分级越高,患者的Hcy和hs-CRP水平越高。结论老年高血压患者的血压越高,血浆Hcy、hs-CRP水平越高,颈动脉粥样硬化程度越重,这提示Hcy及hs-CRP升高可能是颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。     

缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化严重程度与血清同型半胱氨酸水平的关系研究

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化严重程度与血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的关系。方法选取自2015年1月至2017年1月期间的76例缺血性脑卒中患者为病例组以及60例健康人群作为对照组。对比两组受试者Hcy、血糖(FBS)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及尿酸(UA)的水平;对比两组受试者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的检测结果;对比病例组不同颈动脉斑块数量、性质患者Hcy水平;分析缺血性脑卒中患者IMT、颈动脉斑块数量与Hcy的相关性。结果病例组的Hcy、TC、TG、LDL、FBS、UA均显著高于对照组,而HDL-C显著低于对照组(P0.05);病例组的IMT为(1.37±0.15)mm,显著高于对照组(P0.05);病例组Hcy升高患者颈动脉斑块检出率显著高于Hcy正常患者(P0.05);颈动脉内膜斑块形成患者的Hcy水平显著高于颈动脉内膜增厚和正常的患者(P0.05);颈动脉内膜增厚患者的Hcy水平显著高于颈动脉内膜正常的患者(P0.05);多发斑块患者的Hcy水平显著高于单发斑块及无斑块患者(P0.05);单发斑块患者的Hcy水平显著高于无斑块患者(P0.05);不稳定型斑块患者的Hcy水平显著高于稳定型斑块患者(P0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,缺血性脑卒中患者IMT、颈动脉斑块数量均与Hcy呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者的血清Hcy水平显著升高,且Hcy的升高程度与颈动脉粥样硬化程度呈正相关。     

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与颈动脉粥样硬化患者同型半胱氨酸水平相关性分析

目的探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染与颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法选取2012年3月-2013年6月我院住院的180例颈动脉粥样硬化患者,其中Hp阳性患者90例(Hp阳性组),Hp阴性患者90例(Hp阴性组)。180例颈动脉粥样硬化患者经颈动脉超声诊断分为颈动脉内膜中层增厚组63例、稳定性斑块组64例和不稳定性斑块组53例。对所有患者的血清Hcy水平进行检测,并分析其与Hp感染的关系。结果 Hp阳性组血清Hcy水平和颈动脉中层内膜厚度均明显高于Hp阴性组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。颈动脉内膜中层增厚组、稳定性斑块组和不稳定性斑块组中,Hp阳性患者的血清Hcy水平均显著高于Hp阴性患者,且差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。颈动脉内膜中层增厚、稳定性斑块和不稳定性斑块的Hp阳性患者均与血清Hcy水平呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论 Hp感染会引发Hcy水平升高,以致颈动脉内膜中层厚度增加以及不稳定的颈动脉斑块出现,最终导致颈动脉粥样硬化。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与动脉粥样硬化及脑卒中的相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与动脉粥样硬化及脑卒中的相关性。方法:将我院2013年4月~2015年4月接收的60例大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者作为观察组,将我院接收的60例体检健康者作为对照组。比较两组Hcy水平、Hcy水平异常例数、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及颈动脉斑块例数。结果:观察组患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平以及颈动脉内膜中层厚度均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:动脉粥样硬化及脑卒中患者的血浆Hcy水平明显高于健康者。因此,Hcy在脑卒中的预防与治疗中意义重大。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与血清同型半胱氨酸水平及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与颈动脉内膜中层厚度、动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的关系。方法 选取颈动脉粥样硬化患者206例,根据14 C尿素呼气试验分为Hp感染组和非Hp感染组。同时根据颈动脉粥样硬化程度将Hp感染组又分为颈动脉内膜中层增厚组、稳定性斑块组和不稳定性斑块组。采用循环酶法测定血清Hcy水平,分析Hp感染和血清Hcy水平的相关性以及与颈动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系。结果 Hp感染组血清Hcy水平和颈动脉内膜中层厚度与非Hp感染组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Hp感染组和非Hp感染组颈动脉粥样硬化类型的构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.939,P=0.000 3)。在Hp感染组中,不稳定性斑块组、稳定性斑块组、颈动脉内膜中层增厚组血清Hcy水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。直线相关分析显示,Hp感染组血清Hcy水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关(r=0.731,P<0.01)。结论 Hp感染可能通过影响血液Hcy水平使颈动脉内膜中层增厚,并导致颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性增加,从而促进颈动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

轻中度高血压及合并冠心病患者血Hcy与颈动脉IMT的关系

目的:检验轻中度高血压患者及轻中度高血压合并冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系。方法:轻中度高血压及合并冠心病患者各60例分别检测血浆同型半胱氨酸和颈动脉内膜中层厚度,监测其差异并探讨其临床意义。结果:轻中度高血压组血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度为(15.43±1.02)mm o l/L,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(0.82±0.03)mm;合并冠心病组血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度为(38.34±1.23)mm o l/L,颈动脉内膜中层厚度为(0.97±0.09)mm,两组相比P<0.05。结论:轻中度高血压合并冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度较对照组明显升高,颈动脉内膜中层厚度亦明显升高。     

颈动脉硬化患者幽门螺杆菌感染及同型半胱氨酸水平研究

目的探讨颈动脉硬化患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平差异,以及三者之间关系。方法选择彩超提示颈动脉粥样硬化患者为研究对象,根据14 C尿素呼气检验结果分为Hp感染组和Hp阴性组,采用彩色多普勒超声测定双侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、有无粥样斑块形成及斑块类型,同时测定血清Hcy水平,进行统计学分析。结果 Hp感染组IMT及血清Hcy水平均高于Hp阴性组(P0.05);Hp感染组动脉粥样斑块发生率及不稳定性斑块发生率均高于Hp阴性组(P0.05);Hp感染组不稳定性斑块患者血清Hcy水平明显高于Hp阴性组(P0.05);Hp感染组患血清Hcy与IMT呈正相关性(r=0.558,P=0.001)。结论 Hp感染可能会加速颈动脉粥样硬化形成,升高血清Hcy浓度,并促进斑块不稳定性的转变。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.