缺血修饰白蛋白与急性早期心肌梗死患者的相关性研究

目的探讨缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在早期急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断中的临床价值。方法检测126例疑似AMI的胸痛患者[其中67例最终确诊为AMI(AMI组),59例为非AMI(NAMI组)]在发病6 h内、6 h后(7~24 h)血清IMA、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(MYO)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)浓度,以50名无心肌疾患的健康者作为正常对照组,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,观察IMA对AMI的诊断灵敏度及诊断效能。结果 AMI组血清IMA、cTnI、MYO和CK-MB浓度均明显高于NAMI组及正常对照组(P0.001),NAMI组4项指标浓度亦高于正常对照组(P0.001)。ROC曲线显示IMA诊断早期AMI(6 h)的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851[95%可信区间(CI):0.775~0.926],最佳临界点为82.1 U/mL,灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为82.2%、84.9%、85.9%和80.6%,灵敏度高于cTnI(50.7%,P0.001)、MYO(67.1%,P0.05)和CK-MB(20.9%,P0.001)。早期联合检测血清IMA、cTnI、MYO和CK-MB的阳性检出率可达92.5%。结论检测疑似AMI患者的IMA水平有助于AMI的早期临床诊断。多项心肌标志物联合检测可提高AMI的早期检出率。     

探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白和肌红蛋白联合检测对急性心肌梗死早期诊断的临床价值

目的探讨联合检测缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)和肌红蛋白(MYO)水平对早期辅助诊断急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床应用价值。方法随机选择100例AMI患者(实验组)和100例同期体检健康者(对照组)作为研究对象,同时检测患者胸痛后第3、6、12、24、48小时的血清IMA、MYO浓度水平和心电图,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果与对照组比较,实验组患者的第3、6小时的血清IMA和MYO水平出现明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者第12、24、48小时血清IMA和MYO出现下降趋势,第24、48小时与对照组无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。第3、6小时AMI患者的血清IMA和MYO阳性检出率均在80.00%以上,明显高于心电图的阳性检出率(P0.05),联合检测血清IMA和MYO阳性检出率均在90.00%以上,且明显高于单项检测结果(P0.05)。结论IMA和MYO都是有效的早期辅助诊断AMI指标,阳性检出率较高且发生变化时间较早。联合检测IMA和MYO指标有利于AMI早期筛查率的提高,降低疾病漏诊率,为及时治疗提供可靠依据。     

血清缺血修饰白蛋白在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的临床价值

目的研究血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期诊断中的临床价值。方法分别检测非心源性胸痛组(FXY组,n=37)、非AMI组(n=42)和AMI组(n=46)患者在胸痛发作2h内、2h-4h、4h-6h、6h-12h、12h-24h的血清IMA、cTnI、CK、CK-MB水平。结果 AMI组在胸痛发作2h内的患者血清IMA显著高于非AMI组和FXY组(P0.05),而cTnI、CK和CK-MB无统计学差异(P0.05);AMI患者中,血清IMA在胸痛发作早期的阳性检出率(93.48%,76.09%)显著高于同时段的cTnI(13.04%,65.22%)、CK(2.17%,23.91%)和CK-MB(2.17%,15.22%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清缺血修饰白蛋白是早期诊断心肌梗死的敏感指标,对于心肌梗死的早期诊断、病情判断、及早治疗和避免误诊都有重要的临床价值。     

hsCRP、IMA等五种心肌标志物联合检测在急性冠脉综合征早期诊断中的临床意义

【目的】探讨高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和肌红蛋白（MYO）对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的早期诊断价值。【方法】选择经确诊的66例ACS患者和40例正常对照组进行hsCRP、IMA、CK—MB、cTnI和MYO的水平检测，观察其变化并进行比较。【结果】AcS胸痛病人在胸痛发作就诊6h内抽血检测的hsCRP和IMA、CK-MB、cTnI、MYO其结果明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；病例组hsCRP和IMA、CK—MB、cTnI、MYO的阳性检出率为IMA（83．3％）〉hsCRP（77．3％）〉MYO（66．7％）〉cTnI（56．1％）〉CK—MB（48．5％）。【结论】联合检测血清hs—CRP和IMA、CK-MB、cTnI、MYO对急性冠脉综合征早期诊断和治疗有重要的临床意义。     

73例老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者3项生化指标检测结果分析

目的探讨心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平在老年急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)诊断中的临床应用价值。方法分别对73例老年ACS患者在胸痛发作3h和6h内的血清标本进行H-FABP、IMA、hs-CRP和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平测定,并与同步测定的健康对照组(健康体检者)的检测结果进行统计学分析。结果老年ACS组发病3h内标本血清H-FABP、IMA、hs-CRP水平高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血清CK-MB水平高于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);老年ACS组发病6h内标本血清H-FABP、IMA、CK-MB、hs-CRP水平高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合检测血清H-FABP、IMA和hs-CRP的灵敏度明显优于各单项指标(P0.05)。结论血清HFABP、IMA和hs-CRP可作为判断老年ACS患者心肌坏死或损伤的早期指标,联合检测有助于提高老年ACS的检出率。     

缺血修饰清蛋白在急性冠状动脉综合征早期诊断中的临床意义

目的 探讨缺血修饰清蛋白(ischemia modified albumin,IMA)检测在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes,ACS)早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 57例确诊ACS患者在发病后的入院即刻,2,4,6,12h采集静脉血分别检测血清中IMA、肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB质量(CK-MB mass) 、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的浓度,另选35例健康体检者做正常对照组,将测得的结果进行比较,以评价IMA对ACS诊断的临床价值.结果 ACS患者中IMA水平于胸痛发作后入院即刻略有升高,但与对照组比较差异无统计学显著性意义(P>0.1),2 h已经明显升高,4 h仍持续增高,且均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05) ,6 h开始下降并逐渐回到基线水平,而MYO在发病后2 h开始升高,CK-MB mass,cTnI水平则在胸痛发作4～6 h开始升高.结论 IMA对ACS的早期诊断具有较高的敏感度,是一种较理想的ACS早期诊断指标.     

心型脂肪酸结合蛋白检测对早期心肌损伤辅助诊断的临床价值

目的探讨心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)检测对早期心肌损伤辅助诊断的临床价值。方法选择2014年5月至2015年7月确诊为心肌损伤68例患者作为患者组,分为不稳定型心绞痛组(A组)、非ST段抬高心肌梗死组(B组)、ST段抬高心肌梗死组(C组),3个小组,选择同期进行健康体检且健康者25例作为健康对照组。检测所有研究对象的血清H-FABP、缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)、肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)浓度。结果与健康对照组比较,患者组患者在入院早期(3~6h)和中晚期(6~12h)2次检测血清HFABP、IMA、MYO、CK、CK-MB的浓度均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但A、B、C 3组间H-FABP浓度差异并无统计学意义(P0.05);A、B、C 3组患者在入院早期检测血清H-FABP、IMA、MYO的阳性率均超过80.00%,明显高于CK和CK-MB的阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但血清H-FABP、IMA、MYO在3组间的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A、B、C 3组患者在入院中晚期检测该5项指标,阳性率均超过80.00%,5项指标阳性率分别两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。早期和中晚期H-FABP检测结果与确诊结果的Kappa一致性分析显示,结果分别为0.80(P0.05)和0.95(P0.05)。结论 H-FABP对心肌损伤患者的早期诊断具有一定的临床价值,较高的灵敏度和特异度适用于心肌损伤的筛查,能有效降低漏诊率和误诊率。     

缺血修饰白蛋白在急性冠状动脉综合征早期诊断中的应用价值研究

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)水平的变化,探讨IMA在ACS早期诊断中的价值。方法连续监测97例ACS患者[包括急性心肌梗死(AMI)43例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)54例]急性胸痛发作后2、6、12、24、48 h血清IMA、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)和心肌肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)水平的变化,并与42例疑似ACS最终确诊排除诊断的患者(对照组)比较;评价各项标志物在ACS早期诊断中的应用价值。结果 UAP及AMI患者发病后2 h血清IMA水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),AMI患者发病12 h时达高峰,24 h时下降到和对照组水平基本持平。UAP患者CK-MB及c Tn T各检测时间点与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示AMI患者发病2 h时,IMA、CK-MB、c Tn T诊断AMI的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.812、0.781、0.648。结论 IMA可作为ACS心肌缺血的敏感标志物,可用于早期诊断AMI。     

新型心肌损伤标志物与传统心肌酶对诊断早期急性心肌梗死的敏感度和特异度评价

目的探讨新型心肌损伤标志物与传统心肌酶对诊断早期急性心肌梗死(AMI)的敏感度及特异度评价。方法选取2013年1月至2015年6月该院有AMI发病指征的疑似210例患者作为研究组,并选择同时间段有胸痛指征疑似AMI但确诊为非AMI的210例患者作为对照组。初诊患者均检测新型心肌损伤标志物心肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)、肌红蛋白(MYO)和传统心肌酶谱肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),在发病后3h,3~6h,以3h间隔抽取静脉血离心血清。比较两组检测结果。结果研究组0~3h、3~6h的H-FABP、cTnI和MYO水平显著高于对照组,并且逐渐升高,升高幅度明显大于传统心肌酶指标,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);3~6h的CK-MB、LDH显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);H-FABP、cTnI、MYO敏感度和特异度均相对高于传统心肌酶指标,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中H-FABP在3~6h的特异度和敏感度均最高。结论传统心肌酶用于排除AMI疑似患者,缺乏敏感度和特异度,可采用连续监测法代替判断AMI。新型心肌损伤标志物用于诊断早期急性心肌梗死,敏感度及特异度均优于传统心肌酶法,值得推广应用。     

缺血修饰白蛋白在急性冠脉综合征早期诊断中的作用

[目的]检测探讨缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的早期诊断价值。[方法]经确诊的ACS患者114例3 h内取血测定IMA、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和肌红蛋白（MYO）,观察其变化水平并作比较。同时取100例健康体检者抽血测定IMA作为对照组,观察其变化水平。[结果]病例组IMA水平明显高于对照组（t=-33.56,P〈0.01）,ACS胸痛病人在胸痛发作就诊3 h内抽血检测IMA阳性率达到86.0%;明显高于其他4种心肌标志物（χ^2=442.775,P〈0.01）。[结论]IMA可对急性心肌缺血做出早期诊断,在ACS的早期诊断与排除诊断中比其他四个心肌指标更为敏感。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.