金雀异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠脑抗氧化作用的影响

目的研究金雀异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠大脑抗氧化作用的影响,为使用植物雌激素防治女性更年期后老年性痴呆提供依据。方法40只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、去卵巢对照组、金雀异黄酮组和苯甲酸雌二醇组,给予相应手术和治疗。术后6周分析大鼠额叶、颞叶、海马和基底前脑的SOD和MDA值。结果假手术组颞叶和海马的SOD值低于基底前脑(P<0.05);额叶和颞叶的MDA值高于海马和基底前脑(P<0.05);去卵巢对照组基底前脑的SOD值显著低于假手术组、金雀异黄酮组和苯甲酸雌二醇组(P<0.05),MDA值显著高于假手术组、金雀异黄酮组和苯甲酸雌二醇组(P<0.05);假手术组、金雀异黄酮组及苯甲酸雌二醇组之间SOD值和MDA值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论去卵巢对照组大鼠基底前脑抗氧化能力显著降低,氧化损伤程度显著升高,金雀异黄酮替代治疗可增加去卵巢大鼠基底前脑的抗氧化能力,降低基底前脑的氧化损伤,可用于女性更年期后老年性痴呆的防治。     

金雀异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠认知能力的影响

目的　观察金雀异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠学习记忆的影响 ,寻找替代雌激素用于防治女性更年期后神经退行性变的药物。方法　 32只 3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为 4组 :假手术组 (0 9%NS 5 0 μl)、去卵巢对照组 (0 9%NS 5 0 μl)、金雀异黄酮组 (Gs2 5 0 μg)、苯甲酸雌二醇组 (EB 5 0 μg)各 8只 ,皮下注射给药 ,隔日一次 ,用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力。 结果　金雀异黄酮组前 4次和后 5次的平均逃避潜伏期 ( x±s)分别为 (2 3 34± 7 2 9)s和 (8 5 4± 1 87)s;空间探索试验中大鼠穿越平台的次数为 6 0 0± 1 1 0次 ;与OVX组相比具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　金雀异黄酮可提高去卵巢大鼠的空间学习记忆能力     

运动联合福善美对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和神经传导的影响

目的: 观察运动是否可增强福善美对卵巢切除大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法: 将90只6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham,18只)和卵巢切除模型组(OVX,72只)。大鼠卵巢切除8周后,测定大鼠第4腰椎骨密度(BMD)和血清雌二醇含量。随后,存活的OVX大鼠分为模型组(OVX)、福善美治疗组(OVX+FOX)、运动治疗组(OVX+EX)和福善美与运动联合治疗组(OVX+FOX+EX),分别给予1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1福善美灌胃和(或)跑台运动干预治疗12周后,双能X线骨密度仪测定各组大鼠第4腰椎BMD;肌电图机检测大鼠左侧股神经传导速度(MCV)、运动末端潜伏期(ML)和复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP);ELISA法测定大鼠血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽(PICP)及Ⅰ型胶原羧基端交联端肽(ICTP)含量。结果: 卵巢切除大鼠福善美和(或)运动干预治疗12周后,OVX组与sham组相比,BMD显著降低(P<0.05),血清PICP和ICTP明显增高(P<0.05),左侧股神经ML未见明显改变。福善美和运动均可显著提高骨质疏松大鼠BMD,降低ICTP;福善美可显著降低骨质疏松大鼠ICTP,而运动对ICTP无明显影响。运动可明显缩短模型组左侧ML(P<0.05),福善美对ML无显著改善作用。运动与福善美联合对BMD、PICP、ICTP及ML的改善作用较两者单用效果显著(P<0.05);福善美与运动两治疗组间未见明显差异。各组大鼠左侧股神经MCV和CMAP未见明显差异。2×2析因设计的方差分析显示,福善美与运动2种处理方式之间不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。结论: 福善美和运动可能通过抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收而抑制大鼠卵巢切除对骨密度的影响。     

植物雌激素对去卵巢大鼠海马神经元线粒体超微结构的保护作用

采用去卵巢(OVX)SD大鼠模拟女性绝经后神经元的退变来观察雌激素、植物雌激素对海马神经元线粒体的保护作用。雌性SD大鼠分为5组:(1)正常对照组;(2)去卵巢对照组;(3)雌激素治疗组;(4)金雀异黄酮治疗组;(5)依普拉芬治疗组,并于术后12d取材进行超微结构观察和体视学定量分析。结果显示:(1)去卵巢后海马神经元的线粒体肿胀明显,嵴断裂明显,空泡化显著;3个治疗组细胞和线粒体相对于去卵巢对照组均有明显改善;(2)与去卵巢对照组相比较,3个治疗组线粒体的体积密度(Vv)、平均直径(D)、平均表面积(S)明显减小(P<0.05);3个治疗组的比表面(δ)、数密度(Nv)和粒子分散度(Cλz)较去卵巢对照组明显增大(P<0.05)。以上结果表明:雌激素和植物雌激素对去卵巢后大鼠的海马神经元线粒体具有保护作用。本研究结果为雌激素和植物雌激素以线粒体为靶点防治女性更年期后神经元的退变及老年性痴呆可能的作用机制提供了一定的形态学资料。     

辛伐他汀对去卵巢大鼠骨痂骨保护素表达的影响

目的: 研究去卵巢及辛伐他汀(simvastatin, SVS)对大鼠骨痂骨保护素(osteoprotegerin, OPG)表达的影响。方法: 2月龄雌性SD大鼠采用去卵巢(ovariectomy, OVX)方法模拟人绝经后骨质疏松症,造模成功后进一步建立胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定模型。大鼠分为3组:假手术组(sham+vehicle)、空白组(OVX+vehicle)及实验组(OVX+SVS)。OVX+SVS组于骨折端皮下注射辛伐他汀(10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1×5 d),sham+vehicle及OVX+vehicle组仅注射无辛伐他汀的空白溶剂。骨折后1、2、4周取骨痂标本,切片免疫组化染色,分析骨痂中的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、OPG表达情况。结果: 结果显示OVX+vehicle组骨折后1、2、4周PCNA阳性率较sham+vehicle组分别下降17.3%、32.1%和26.1%(P<0.01);OVX+SVS组骨折后1、2、4周PCNA阳性率较OVX+vehicle组分别增加60.1%、67.7%和67.7%(P<0.01);半定量结果显示OVX+vehicle组OPG表达水平最低,sham+vehicle组最高,而OVX+SVS组的OPG表达水平介于2组之间,OVX+SVS组与OVX+vehicle组间差异显著(P<0.01)。结论: 本实验显示去势可明显减少骨痂OPG的表达,而辛伐他汀可刺激骨痂分泌OPG,提示他汀类药物具有间接抑制破骨细胞的作用。     

雌激素对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:探讨雌激素对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法:选取雌性SD大鼠24只,随机分为假手术组、卵巢切除组(ovariectomy,OVX)、OVX+苯甲酸雌二醇组(estradiolbenzoate,EB),每组8只。于海马注射Aβ1-42建立AD大鼠模型,通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠的学习记忆能力,同时用ELISA检测脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(super oxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholine esterase,ACh E)的活性,用免疫组化分析神经元型一氧化氮合酶(n NOS)并测定其OD值。结果:与OVX组比较,OVX+EB组逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P0.05),原平台象限活动时间明显增加(P0.05),穿越原平台次数明显增多(P0.05)。雌激素作用还提高大鼠脑组织SOD、ACh E和n NOS活性,降低MDA活性(P0.05)。结论:研究表明雌激素可改善AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能通过提高脑组织SOD、ACh E和n NOS活性,降低MDA活性有关。     

雌激素对卵巢摘除大鼠心内神经节细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

本实验建立了去卵巢和雌激素替代疗法动物模型,用免疫组织化学SABC法结合图象分析方法,观察大鼠心内神经节细胞中Bcl-2和Bax的变化,探讨雌激素对卵巢摘除大鼠心内神经节细胞中Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响。去卵巢(OVX)大鼠心内神经节细胞中Bcl-2的表达较正常对照组明显减弱(P<0.05),雌激素替代治疗组大鼠心内神经节中Bcl-2的表达与正常对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),而较卵巢摘除组显著增高(P<0.05);卵巢摘除后同时给予特异性雌激素受体阻断剂(TAM)和17β-雌二醇(OVX+TAM+ERT)组大鼠心内神经节中Bcl-2的表达较正常对照组显著减弱(P<0.05),但与OVX组无显著性差异(P>.05)。各组中Bax的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验结果提示雌激素能上调大鼠心内神经节细胞中Bcl-2的表达,但对Bax的表达无影响。     

雌激素及其类似物对去卵巢大鼠脑一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的影响

雌激素类似物(ZR)具有雌激素样作用,通过建立大鼠卵巢切除术(OVX)模型,初步探讨了雌激素(E)、ZR对脑组织一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响。实验用雌性Wistar大鼠(3月龄,体重240±10g);行卵巢切除术(OVX);假手术组只暴露卵巢而不切除;大鼠在OVX术后两周开始给药(5周,3d一次;im,200μg/只)。动物分组如下:1假手术组 橄榄油;2OVX 橄榄油;3OVX E;4OVX ZR。给药结束后,心脏灌流固定,取脑冰冻切片40μm,进行NADPN-diaphorase(NADPH-d)反应及nNOS免疫组化,进行图像分析。结果表明:NADPH-d酶组化及nNOS免疫组化标记的神经元在嗅皮…     

氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化及骨形态学影响的研究

目的 研究大豆异黄酮(SI)对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化及骨形态学的影响.方法 70只雌性SD大鼠按血清总胆固醇水平随机分为7组:高脂、雌激素,低、中、高剂量SI干预、假手术及正常对照组.对前5组摘除双侧卵巢后恢复1周开始干预,实验周期为12周,灌胃给药,每周称重1次,分别在去卵巢及处死时(12周)抽取尾静脉血,实验结束后取内脏及骨骼标本,分别测定血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(GSH-Px)及骨密度等指标,共63只大鼠完成实验.结果 SI干预组股骨重量高于高脂与正常对照组,干预可提高AKP、GSH-Px酶活性.高剂量干预对维持大鼠股骨密度的作用与雌激素相似.SI干预可缓解因去卵巢造成的骨丢失.结论 大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠的抗氧化、骨代谢酶活性及骨转化存在一定影响,适量干预能逆转因去势造成的骨密度下降.考虑到植物雌激素与哺乳动物的雌激素受体(ER)结合能力低下,采用SI在临床开展干预的剂量与远期效果尚待进一步研究.     

叶酸对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响

 目的: 观察叶酸对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化酶、一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响。方法: 40只3月龄健康雌性SD大鼠,随机分成5组:假手术组、去卵巢组、二乙基己烯雌酚(0.03 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)组、低剂量(5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)叶酸组和高剂量(20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)叶酸组。各组大鼠于术后1周开始灌胃给药,假手术组和去卵巢组给予蒸馏水,10周后,取L₅椎体和右股骨行骨密度(BMD)检测;测定血浆和骨匀浆总抗氧化能力(TAC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果: 与假手术组比较,去卵巢组大鼠L₅椎体和股骨BMD显著降低(P < 0.01),血浆GSH-Px、NO和骨匀浆TAC、GSH-Px、NOS及NO水平明显降低(P < 0.01),MDA浓度升高显著(P < 0.01);与去卵巢组大鼠比较,高剂量叶酸组大鼠L₅椎体和股骨BMD增加(P < 0.01),骨匀浆TAC、GSH-Px、NOS和NO水平升高(P < 0.01),MDA浓度降低(P < 0.01),血浆GSH-Px和NO水平升高。结论: 去卵巢大鼠体内抗氧化酶、NOS和NO水平降低,氧化应激参与了去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的发生;高剂量叶酸能提升去卵巢大鼠腰椎和股骨BMD,提高其体内抗氧化酶、NOS和NO水平,改善氧化应激,这可能是高剂量叶酸防治去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的机制之一。     

去卵巢大鼠不同时期骨量、骨转换指标、雌激素水平的变化规律及相关性

背景：目前对去卵巢大鼠的研究较多,而对不同时间点大鼠骨量、骨转换指标、雌激素水平的变化规律及各因素的相关性研究报道较少。 目的：分析去卵巢大鼠不同时期骨量、骨转换指标、雌激素水平的变化规律并探讨其相关性。 方法：34只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为基线组、假手术组和去卵巢组。实验开始先将基线组处死,假手术组及去卵巢组于术后第4,8,12周分次处死。双能X射线吸收法(DXA)测定L1-3及股骨不同分区(头颈部R1区、转子部R2区、股骨干R3区、股骨整体R4区)的骨矿含量、骨密度、骨面积;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽及雌激素水平。对大鼠体质量、离体骨密度、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽、雌激素水平、月龄间的相关性进行分析。 结果与结论：①去卵巢后4周去卵巢组离体腰椎及股骨骨矿含量、骨密度均较基线组、假手术组明显降低(P < 0.05),第8,12周时均显著改善(P < 0.05),腰椎、股骨各区域骨量丢失幅度最大的为L1及股骨转子区。       ②去卵巢后4周去卵巢组血清Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽水平较基线组、假手术组均显著升高(P < 0.05),第8,12周差异无显著性意义。③去卵巢组第8,12周血清雌激素较假手术组及基线组明显降低(P < 0.01,P < 0.05)。④月龄与大鼠体质量、腰椎及股骨骨密度呈正相关,Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽与腰椎及股骨骨密度呈负相关(P < 0.01)。提示去卵巢后大鼠腰椎、股骨骨量变化呈先快速降低、再缓慢回升的趋势,其中L1及股骨转子部受影响最大;骨转换指标在去卵巢后显著加快、后期逐渐回归正常;雌激素水平变化规律为第1个月先升高、后期快速降低;体质量、骨转换指标及雌激素水平与骨量密切相关。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑NOS及Nestin阳性神经元的影响

目的 观察雌激素替代对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及巢蛋白(Nestin)阳性神经元的影响。方法 将28只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4个处理组:去势24 h雌激素替代组、去势2周雌激素替代组、去势植物油替代组及假手术组。用组织化学及免疫组织化学染色方法观察基底前脑的内侧隔核(MS)、斜角带垂直支(vDB)及水平支(hDB)的NOS和Nestin阳性神经元数的变化。结果 去势行植物油替代可使MS、vDB的NOS阳性神经元数明显下降(P<0.01);去势24 h或2周行雌激素替代均可使以上亚区的NOS阳性神经元数明显升高至正常水平(P<0.01)。去势行植物油替代或雌激素替代对hDB的:Nestin阳性神经元数的影响趋势与NOS阳性神经元的相似(P<0.01),但对MS及vDB的Nestin阳性神经元数影响不大(P>0.05)。结论 去卵巢行雌激素替代可选择性地使基底前脑不同亚区NOS、Nestin阳性神经元数升高,这可能与雌激素高调了NOS和Nestin的表达有关。     

Effect of ginseng mixture on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

In this study, the authors have characterized the effect of HER-S (red ginseng, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Phyllostachys folium, and soybean extracts) on osteoporosis-associated phenomena in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by measuring body weights and bone histomorphometries in control, sham, OVX, OVX(beta-estradiol-treated), and OVX(HER-S-treated) rats. Light microscopic analyses showed a porous or eroded appearance on the femoral trabecular bone surface in OVX rats, whereas the femoral trabecular bone surfaces of the other groups (control, sham, OVX(17beta-estradiol-treated), and OVX(HER-S-treated) rats) were composed of fine particles. The femoral trabecular bone area and number were decreased in OVX rats, but these reductions were significantly prevented by the administration of HER-S for 7 weeks, similar to estrogen. In the blood biochemistry results, serum phosphorus, calcium, T(3), and T(4) remained unchanged, but blood estrogen levels were significantly increased in HER-S-treated rats, which suggests that estrogen is related to the mechanism of the HER-S-induced antiosteoporosis function in OVX rats.     

17β-雌二醇对去势大鼠子宫内膜厚度的影响

目的:探索外源性使用雌激素对去势后大鼠子宫内膜厚度的影响。方法:96只雌性成年SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组和17β-雌二醇(17β-estradiol,E2)治疗组,模型组和E2治疗组行去势手术,并且E2组给予不同剂量、不同时间的E2背部皮下注射后处死,假手术组于动情前期处死,取子宫标本,行HE染色,在200倍显微镜下随机选取六个位置拍照,测量子宫腔上皮厚度。结果:去势E2治疗组大鼠子宫的发育与替代雌激素的用量呈明显的量效关系及时效关系。E2浓度在6μg.只-1,连续使用2 d时,去势大鼠子宫内膜形态学检查与假手术组组基本相似,子宫腔上皮厚度比假手术组大鼠增加8%,可认为是合理的雌激素替代剂量与时间。     

17beta-estradiol attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic restraint stress in ovariectomized rats

Several lines of evidence suggest that hormonal changes after menopause may play an important role in the incidence of cognitive dysfunction, and also in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen on cognitive function in rats under different stress environment. Female rats were divided into four groups: two groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and two were sham-operated. One group each of OVX and sham rats was kept in a normal environment, and the other groups were assigned to a daily restraint stress (6 h/day) for 21 days from 2 months after the operation. Following the stress period, subjects were tested for performance in novel object recognition test and then used for morphological and neurochemical analyses. The OVX plus stress (OVX/stress) group showed a significant impairment of recognition of novel objects, compared with the other groups. The OVX/stress group also showed a marked decrease in the number of pyramidal cells of the CA3 region and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the hippocampus. We further examined the effect of estrogen against cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal changes of OVX/stress rats. Vehicle or 17beta-estradiol (E2) at 20 microg/day was s.c. administered to OVX/stress rats from 2 days before the stress period to the end of behavioral analysis through an implantable osmotic pump. Chronic E2 treatment decreased stress response and improved the cognitive and morphological impairments relative to vehicle group. These data have important implications for cognition enhancing effect of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women.     

Effect of Ginseng Mixture on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

In this study, the authors have characterized the effect of HER-S (red ginseng, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Phyllostachys folium, and soybean extracts) on osteoporosis-associated phenomena in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by measuring body weights and bone histomorphometries in control, sham, OVX, OVX(β-estradiol–treated), and OVX(HER-S–treated) rats. Light microscopic analyses showed a porous or eroded appearance on the femoral trabecular bone surface in OVX rats, whereas the femoral trabecular bone surfaces of the other groups (control, sham, OVX(17β-estradiol–treated), and OVX(HER-S–treated) rats) were composed of fine particles. The femoral trabecular bone area and number were decreased in OVX rats, but these reductions were significantly prevented by the administration of HER-S for 7 weeks, similar to estrogen. In the blood biochemistry results, serum phosphorus, calcium, T₃, and T₄ remained unchanged, but blood estrogen levels were significantly increased in HER-S–treated rats, which suggests that estrogen is related to the mechanism of the HER-S–induced antiosteoporosis function in OVX rats.     

Estrogen influences stimulated water intake by ovariectomized female rats

To further elucidate the influence of estrogen on water consumption, we examined water intake by adult female rats stimulated by water deprivation, injection of hypertonic saline or injection of isoproterenol (ISOP), a beta-adrenergic agonist that activates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Rats were ovariectomized (OVX) then injected with estradiol benzoate (EB; 10 microg/0.1 ml oil) or the oil vehicle (OIL; 0.1 ml) for 2 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the second injection, rats were deprived of food and water. On the following day, rats were given water and intake was measured after 2 h. EB significantly decreased water intake compared with that by OIL-treated rats following water deprivation. Two additional groups of adult female rats were OVX and treated with EB or OIL. Forty-eight hours after EB or OIL treatment, rats were injected with hypertonic saline (1 ml of 2 M NaCl) or ISOP (30 microg/kg in 0.15 M saline) and water intake was measured after 2 h. EB significantly attenuated water intake following ISOP but not after hypertonic saline. Finally, we examined plasma sodium concentration (pNa) after hypertonic saline and plasma renin activity (PRA) after ISOP in EB- and OIL-treated rats and found no differences in pNa or PRA. These results suggest that the stimuli for water intake after hypertonic saline and ISOP were comparable in EB- and OIL-treated rats. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that EB attenuation of stimulated water intake is specific to water intake elicited by activation of the RAS.