整形外科治疗中预扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿的成因分析

目的:探讨扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿的形成原因及防治措施。方法:皮瓣扩张转移术患者56例,共实施皮肤软组织扩张术147例次,扩张皮瓣转移后,其中15个皮瓣下形成不同程度的滑液囊肿,发生时间为术后7d～3个月,发生率为10.2%。滑液囊肿经切除囊内膜、术后彻底引流、预防感染等处理。结果:不同部位滑液囊肿发生率以四肢最高(26.7%),其次为颈部(15.4%)、躯干(8.8%),头面部未见发生;不同容量扩张器滑液囊肿发生率以500～800mL最高(27.6%),其次为300～400mL(11.8%),100～200mL最低(1.5%);扩张皮瓣转移时内膜不剥离者滑液囊肿发生率为26.9%,明显高于内膜剥离者(3.8%)。结论:重视扩张器埋置部位、容量、切除部分囊内膜、尽可能选用多个小型扩张器、皮瓣转移后适当固定是有效防治扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿形成的重要措施。     

皮肤扩张器在头面部大面积皮肤病损治疗中的应用

目的:探讨皮肤扩张器在头面部大面积皮肤病损治疗中的临床应用。方法:使用皮肤扩张器治疗16例头面颈部大面积皮肤病损患者。选用100～500 ml容量的扩张器植入病损旁的皮下,注射壶内置,注水扩张6～8周。Ⅱ期手术取出扩张器,将扩张皮瓣用滑行推进或旋转推进方式修复切除病损之创面。结果:16例患者共治疗24处病损,置入扩张器39个,一次修复最大面积为12 cm×18 cm,所有患者均得到有效治疗;扩张期发生并发症2例,为术后血肿及扩张器外露,发生率约5%。结论:应用皮肤扩张器修复头面部大面积病损是一种理想的方法,但应重视并发症的预防。     

整形外科治疗中预扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿的成因分析

目的：探讨扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿的形成原因及防治措施。方法：皮瓣扩张转移术患56例，共实施皮肤软组织扩张术147例次，扩张皮瓣转移后，其中15个皮瓣下形成不同程度的滑液囊肿，发生时间为术后7d～3个月，发生率为10．2％。滑液囊肿经切除囊内膜、术后彻底引流、预防感染等处理。结果：不同部位滑液囊肿发生率以四肢最高(26．7％)，其次为颈部(15．4％)、躯干(8．8％)，头面部未见发生；不同容量扩张器滑液囊肿发生率以500～800mL最高(27．6％)，其次为300～400mL(11．8％)，100～200mL最低(1．5％)；扩张皮瓣转移时内膜不剥离滑液囊肿发生率为26．9％，明显高于内膜剥离(3．8％)。结论：重视扩张器埋置部位、容量、切除部分囊内膜、尽可能选用多个小型扩张器、皮瓣转移后适当固定是有效防治扩张皮瓣转移后滑液囊肿形成的重要措施。     

非外伤开颅手术后并发远隔部位血肿的原因分析

目的探讨非外伤开颅手术后并发远隔部位血肿的原因及治疗。方法总结本院 1995年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月 15例非外伤开颅手术后并发远隔部位血肿病例及其发生部位、时间以及出血量的多少 ,分析其发生的原因与治疗效果。结果原发幕上手术 11例 ,幕下手术 3例 ,脑室腹腔分流术 1例。并发手术区对侧硬膜外血肿 3例 ,硬膜下血肿 1例 ,同侧硬膜外血肿 7例 ,硬膜下血肿 4例。发生部位 :额部 8例 ,额颞部 4例 ,颞顶部 3例。出血时间 :6小时以内 13例 ,8小时1例 ,12小时 1例。出血量小于 5 0ml者 12例 ,5 0～ 10 0ml者 3例。患者均行再次开颅血肿清除术 ,均恢复良好。结论颅内压力下降过快是导致远隔血肿发生的主要原因 ,及时发现、早期治疗是患者预后良好的关键     

面颈部埋植扩张器术后血肿的观察及处理

面颈部埋植扩张器术后血肿的观察及处理张焕茹，马光华，康吏娟，杜风兰，李桂芬面颈部是影响人体美观的最重要部位，患者对该部位缺损的修复要求很高。皮肤软组织扩张术是整形外科一种新的有效的治疗方法。但由于面颈部解剖特点及操作等原因，使术后血肿发生率较高。我科...     

皮肤软组织扩张术术后并发症的分析与处理

目的研究瘢痕治疗中采用皮肤软组织扩张术术后的并发症分析与处理。方法1999-06/2002-05本科进行皮肤软组织扩张术164例,男75例,女89例,年龄4～56岁。共计使用扩张器254只。总结43只皮肤软组织扩张器并发症的教训。结果扩张过程中43只扩张器术后出现需要处理的并发症,包括感染、血肿、外露和不扩张,发生率16.9%。其中发生并发症43只次,其中扩张器外露17次,扩张器不扩张12次。结论血肿、感染、扩张器外露、破裂等常见并发症发生的原因较多,而手术方法、术者技术的熟练程度为重要因素。对于扩张方法的选择,应结合临床实际,根据患者的年龄、扩张部位、扩张区皮肤的弹性,患者的耐受程度等因素,选择适宜的扩张法。     

扩张器在头额部皮肤缺损修复中的应用

背景烧伤后瘢痕或先天性疾病引起头额部皮肤缺损修复是整形外科较为棘手的问题.目的探讨扩张器在头额部皮肤缺损修复中优于传统手术疗效的方法. 设计前后对照研究.地点和对象中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学整形外科医院收治的先天性和获得性头额部皮肤缺损患者72例,男33例,女39例;年龄4～45岁.方法对72例头额部的先天性和获得性缺损应用扩张器修复病例进行回顾性总结.主要观察指标①术后头额部缺损修复情况.②并发症发生率.结果根据不同缺损采用相应的处理方法,12例出现并发症,发生率16.7%.主要包括感染、血肿、扩张器外露或不张和毛发缺失.均获满意疗效.结论在充分做好术前设计、提高手术技巧和严防并发症发生的情况下,对头额部缺损的修复,皮肤组织扩张术可取得满意的效果.     

耳部再造扩张器埋置注水期感染的处理

寻求耳部再造扩张器埋置注水期感染的处理方法。该法是处理Ⅰ期埋置扩张器期间局部感染的有效方法 ,避免了取出扩张器而达到耳再造的目的。全耳再造扩张注水期间 ,大部分患者是在出院后进行的 ,特别是注射壶外置的患者 ,由于患者护理欠妥 ,有发生扩张器注水期间感染的可能。 1　材料与方法　 ( 1)临床资料　本组共 5例 ,男 3例 ,女 2例。年龄 8～ 2 0岁 ,平均年龄 14 5岁 ,Ⅰ期埋置扩张器 1～ 2个 ( 60～ 10 0ml) ,注射壶均采用外置。术后 5～ 7d开始流水 ,15～ 2 5d后扩张器埋置区域出现红、肿、热、痛感染征象。 ( 2 )治疗方法　从导管穿…     

扩张超薄穿支皮瓣在面颈部体表良性肿瘤切除术后缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨扩张超薄穿支皮瓣在面颈部体表良性肿瘤切除术后缺损修复中的应用价值。方法:2011年1月~2014年12月,采用前胸部扩张超薄穿支皮瓣修复了12例面颈部良性肿瘤切除术后缺损患者,一期术前用多普勒超声血流探测仪定位血管的部位及走行,于前胸部皮肤全层下埋置扩张器,二期切除面颈部肿瘤,设计扩张超薄皮瓣修复面颈部肿瘤术后缺损,供区一期闭合。结果:11例皮瓣完全存活,仅1例出现末端血运障碍,经处理后,皮瓣存活良好;转移皮瓣大小为8 cm×9 cm~24 cm×16 cm;术后随访6个月,患者皮瓣颜色接近正常皮肤,感觉良好,面部表情自如。结论:超薄扩张穿支皮瓣是面颈部良性肿瘤切除术后修复缺损的理想方法,值得临床推广。     

颈部皮肤软组织扩张术后的护理

颈部皮肤软组织相对较薄、血管丰富及其本身解剖特点 ,颈部皮肤软组织扩张术后并发症较多 ,护理难度较大。本文通过对 1 3例颈部扩张术后患者成功的护理 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组患者 1 3例 ,其中男 9例 ,女 4例 ,年龄在 1 2岁～ 5 0岁之间。均为烧伤后面、下颌、颈部瘢痕增生需整形的病人。埋置扩张器的容量为 3 0 0ｍｌ～5 0 0ｍｌ。手术分二期施行。一期手术是将扩张器埋入颈部或颈侧皮下浅筋膜深面 ,术后常规扩张 ,达到预期效果后行二期手术。二期手术是切除需整形部位的瘢痕 ,用扩张后“额外”的皮肤修复。2　护理2 1　术前护理…     

儿童遗传性心律失常的诊治进展

回顾在遗传性心律失常领域最新发表的相关研究,主要关注与儿童心源性猝死关系密切的离子通道病,包括长QT综合征（LQTS）、短QT综合征（SQTS）、Brugada综合征（BrS）和儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速（CPVT）,总结它们在发病机制及诊治方面的进展。     

The acoustic characteristics of the skull

Many investigators have stated that the difficulties of imaging with acoustical energy through the skull result from the marked attenuation of the energy by the skull. In the literature measurements of total attenuation have been confused with those for absorption.Measurements made by us show that absorption by compact bone varies between 2–3 dB cm^?1 MHz^?1 and, in the low megaHertz region appears to be directly proportional to frequency.It has also between shown that the convoluted inner surface of the ivory bone of the inner table of the skull may degrade the collimation and directionality of the beam by refraction.Cancellous bone, such as is present in the dipole of the skull, greatly attenuates the energy. It is postulated that this largely results from scattering. It is also postulated that the energy propagates through cancellous bone as two components, one in the soft tissues and the other partly in the bony spicules. Observations suggest that attenuation due to scattering much more markedly affects the latter of these components and scatters more greatly the higher frequencies in a pulse of broad bandwidth.The energy in each component has varying propagation paths so that the later cycles in the pulse of each component are subject to increasing interference as a result of the variations in propagation times. The two components moreover may have different propagation times so that interference may occur between the pulses of each component as well.All of these phenomena degrade the collimation, coherence, directionality, beam width, pulse length, frequency and other properties of the ultrasonic energy upon which imaging through the skull depends.The interference effects described above are least for the first cycle in the pulse which usually is not the cycle of highest amplitude. Since, in the free field, most of the energy is concentrated around the beam axis, most of the energy in the field which is deflected from its normal propagation path is deflected away from the beam axis. Thus the directionality of the beam is least degraded in the beam axis. The effects of the skull in degrading the properties of the ultrasonic pulse would therefore be lessened if the amplitude of the first cycle of the pulse and the directionality of its energy could be used for imaging.     

Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade

SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.     

2017年呼吸疾病主要进展

2017年,国内外学者在呼吸系统疾病的临床和基础领域均进行了深入研究,不仅对相关指南进行了更新,并且针对一些临床热点、难点问题达成专家共识,现就2017年呼吸疾病相关进展作一简单介绍。     

家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的加强对家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（familially hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,FHL）的认识。方法报道确诊为FHL的新病例1例,结合国内外报道的FHL的病例,对该病的临床特点进行汇总分析。结果FHL2常与PRF1基因突变相关,约20%~40%的患者存在穿孔素基因突变。结论对于有阳性家族史,基因诊断明确,应尽早行化疗或者造血干细胞移植。若无家族史,未发现与继发性HLH相关的原发病因,可考虑行基因筛查以明确是否存在FHL的可能。     

COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related dermatological reactions: An interesting case series with a narrative review of the potential critical and non‐critical mucocutaneous adverse effects related to virus,therapy, and the vaccination

This narrative review article was conducted to lay out a summarized but exhaustive review of current literature over mucocutaneous manifestations in 4 dimensions of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: virus itself, treatment‐related, vaccine‐induced, and alteration of chronic dermatologic diseases following infection. Virus and vaccine‐related were mainly self‐limited and non‐severe. Treatment‐related reactions could be life‐threatening.     

Burkitt's lymphoma of maxillary gingiva: A case report

Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) is an aggressive form of nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with three variants namely endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. It is endemic in Africa and sporadic in other parts of the world. While the endemic form is widely reported to occur in early childhood and commonly involves the jaw bones, the sporadic form typically presents as an abdominal mass. This presentation reports a rare case of sporadic form of BL clinically manifesting as a generalized gingival enlargement in an immunocompetent adult male which demonstrated an aggressive behavior. The patient reported with a prominent anterior gingival swelling of 6 mo duration which slowly enlarged in size and associated with multiple lymph node involvement. Microscopic examination of the lesion using H, E and immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis as BL. The patient succumbed to the disease before any therapy could be instituted. Since a wide array of causes can be attributed to gingival enlargements, it is necessary to consider malignancies as one of the important differential diagnosis so as to facilitate the need for appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment.     

Real‐life effectiveness of biological therapies on symptoms in severe asthma with comorbid CRSwNP

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibody therapies on nasal polyp symptoms in patients treated for severe asthma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP who were treated with anti‐IgE, anti‐IL‐5/R or anti‐IL‐4R. CRSwNP symptom burden was evaluated before and after 6 months of therapy.ResultsFifty patients were included hereof treated with anti‐IgE: 9, anti‐IL‐5/R: 26 and anti‐IL‐4R: 15 patients. At baseline median SNOT‐20 was similar among groups (anti‐IgE: 55, anti‐IL‐5/R: 52 and anti‐IL‐4R: 56, p = 0.76), median visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms was 4, 7 and 8 (p = 0.14) and VAS for total symptoms was higher in the anti‐IL‐4R group (4, 5 and 8, p = 0.002). After 6 months SNOT‐20 improved significantly in all patient groups with median improvement of anti‐IgE: −8 (p < 0.01), anti‐IL‐5/R: −13 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −18 (p < 0.001), with larger improvement in the anti‐IL‐4R group than in anti‐IgE (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐5/R (p < 0.001) groups. VAS nasal symptoms improved by median anti‐IgE: 0 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −1 (p < 0.01) and anti‐IL‐4R: −3 (p < 0.001), VAS total symptoms by anti‐IgE: −1 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −2 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment by all antibodies showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of CRSwNP in patients with severe asthma, with the largest reduction observed in anti‐IL‐4R‐treated patients.     

Recalcitrant giant orf recurrence after amputation: A case report and review of the literature

Orf is caused by a parapoxvirus. We present a recurrent, giant digital orf case in a female patient with a history of hairy cell leukemia. In spite of shave excision, the lesion progressed and recurred after digital amputation. Treatment with topical imiquimod cream and systemic subcutaneous interferon alfa‐2a was successful.