MRI脑灰质形态学分析在双重病理所致颞叶癫痫的应用

目的应用基于体素形态学(VBM)及基于表面形态学(SBM)分析,探讨双重病理所致颞叶癫痫磁共振成像(MRI)脑灰质结构变化。方法收集病理确诊为海马硬化(HS)合并局灶性皮质发育不良(FCD)的双重病理颞叶癫痫患者36例(左侧癫痫组20例、右侧癫痫组16例)及健康对照组30例行MRI T_1WI 3D BRAVO序列扫描,使用SPM及Freesurfer软件分别进行灰质体积及皮层厚度、皮层表面积分析,并采用独立样本t检验获得有统计学差异脑区。结果左、右侧癫痫组与对照组比较,病侧大部分颞叶(含海马)灰质体积减小,左侧癫痫组同侧丘脑及杏仁核灰质体积减小,其差异均有显著统计学意义(FDR校正,P0.001,K≥20体素)。癫痫组均出现部分颞叶及颞叶以外脑区皮层增厚,但左、右侧癫痫组异常脑区存在不同;同时癫痫组病变侧颞叶脑区皮层表面积减小,上述差异均具有统计学意义(未校正,P0.01,顶点数≥100)。结论HS合并FCD致颞叶癫痫病变侧颞叶(含海马)灰质体积广泛缩小为主要形态学特征,皮层表面积减小对病变定侧也有一定作用,单纯通过皮层增厚观察双重病理中FCD存在一定局限性。     

儿童颞叶中内侧硬化所致颞叶癫痫的MRI研究

目的 对儿童颢叶癫痫进行前瞻性MRI研究分析。探讨儿童颢叶癫痫的MRI表现特征。方法 对127例临床和脑电图检查诊断为颢叶癫痫的儿童进行MRI多序列成像．分析研究颞叶的形态结构、信号并判断海马有无萎缩性改变。结果 127例颢叶癫痫患儿中，9例(7．1％)海马有萎缩性改变，且在T2加权成像和液体率减恢复(F1AIR)成像上呈高信号。9例中，6例伴有海马受累同侧颞叶信号异常；3例伴有同侧颞叶皮层结构不良；1例伴有同侧颞叶萎缩。结论 颞叶中内侧硬化是儿童颢叶癫痫的一个相对少见原因，受累侧海马MRI表现为萎缩和信号异常，同时常伴海马外颞叶结构受累。     

颞叶癫痫内侧颞叶结构体积变化及与临床因素相关性研究

目的：探讨颞叶癫痫（TLE）海马、杏仁核及内嗅皮层体积变化及与临床的相关性。方法：采用MRI对117例TLE患者的海马、杏仁核及内嗅皮层体积进行测量并进行临床相关性研究。结果：有侧别优势的TLE患侧海马体积较对侧小，其中海马硬化组患侧和对侧内嗅皮层体积也存在差异，而杏仁核体积均未见明显差异；海马及杏仁核体积变化与发作频率、起病年龄的早晚、病程长短、高热惊厥之间未见明显相关性，海马硬化组内嗅皮层体积减少程度与复杂部分性发作频率存在相关性。结论：内侧颞叶结构对颞叶癫痫相关的损伤敏感性存在差别。     

基于体素的形态测量学观察两种亚型血管性认知障碍患者脑灰质萎缩的差异

目的 利用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法观察由皮质下微血管病变导致的脑室周围白质脱髓鞘(PWMH)后轻度认知障碍的患者与关键部位单发梗死(SSI)后轻度认知障碍的患者灰质萎缩的差异。方法 根据神经心理学测试结果收集24例具有轻度认知障碍的脑梗死患者,根据MRI结果将其分为PWMH组(n=14)和SSI组(n=10);另选同期16名神经心理学测试结果正常、脑实质内未见明显梗死灶者作为对照组。对所有受检者行高分辨力结构MR扫描后进行VBM分析,比较组间灰质体积的差异。结果 与SSI组相比,PWMH组双侧额叶及颞叶灰质体积明显缩小,以双侧颞叶明显,左侧颞叶萎缩体素差为4086个,右侧颞叶为4154个,左侧额叶为1718个,右侧额叶为1141个。结论 PWMH患者与SSI患者具有不同的灰质萎缩特点。PWMH与神经退行性改变具有相似的灰质萎缩特点,提示该类型的血管性认知障碍可能合并或继发于神经退行性改变。     

颞叶癫痫的1H MRSI和MRI体积测量研究

目的评价质子磁共振波谱成像(1H-MRSI)和MRI体积测量对颞叶癫痫(TLE) 的定侧诊断价值.方法对13例单侧TLE和13例对照者行MRI和1H-MRSI扫描,测量颞叶氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)的浓度比率及海马结构体积.结果 TLE组8例海马结构萎缩,患侧海马结构NAA/Cr及NAA/(Cr Cho) 显著小于对侧及对照组(前者F=5.187,P=0.012;后者F=6.731,P=0.004);患侧颞叶外侧皮层的NAA/Cr显著小于对侧(t=-2.82, P=0.015).海马体积测量定侧敏感性为61.5%; 1H-MRSI定侧敏感性为84.6%.结论 1H-MRSI可发现颞叶广泛的代谢异常,增加定侧诊断敏感性.     

儿童局灶性颞叶癫痫：3.0T 1H-MRS及MR海马容积分析

目的：探讨3.0T氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)与磁共振容积测量（vMR）对儿童局灶性颞叶癫痫（fTLE）的诊断价值及临床相关因素分析。材料与方法：对30例经24小时动态脑电图确诊的fTLE患儿（年龄5～14岁,平均8.5岁）行3.0T 1H-MRS分析及vMR测量,并以随机的30名儿童（年龄5～14岁,平均8.8岁）对照,计算患者组双侧海马区代谢产物氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）/肌酸（Cr）及海马容积、对照组任一侧海马NAA/Cr及容积,比较患儿病灶侧与病灶对侧、病灶侧与对照组、病灶对侧与对照组之间有否差异。分析癫痫发作频率等临床相关因素与海马萎缩的相关性。结果：患儿病灶侧海马区NAA/Cr（1.47±0.24）较病灶对侧（1.79±0.35）及对照组（1.81±0.27）明显减低,而病灶对侧NAA/Cr与对照组差异不明显;患儿病灶侧海马容积（2.75±0.35）较病灶对侧（3.06±0.46）和对照组（3.11±0.17）亦明显减小(对照组NAA/Cr值及海马容积参考值范围为标准）。此外,fTLE患儿癫痫发作频率与病灶侧海马容积缩小不具有相关性,而热惊厥史对海马体积具有显著影响。结论：3.0T 1H-MRS及vMR测量对儿童局灶性颞叶癫痫病灶具有定位作用,并且能够定量反映患儿海马代谢性异常及形态学改变,是为临床诊治提供可靠依据的无创性检查手段。     

儿童颞叶癫痫的临床特点及MRS的定位诊断价值分析

目的:探讨儿童颞叶癫痫(TLE)的临床特点以及磁共振波谱分析(MRS)对儿童TLE病灶定位的诊断价值。方法:共选择2017年5月~2019年4月40例临床确诊为儿童TLE的临床资料作为研究(实验组),对患儿的病灶及海马组织标本进行病理检查,分析临床病理及发作特点。并选择同期40例健康志愿者作为对照(对照组),两组均行常规磁共振成像(MRI)和MRS,分析实验组患者、对侧及对照组的海马NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho和NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值。结果:病理结果显示,排在前3位的为FCDⅢb、低级别肿瘤、局灶性皮层发育不良。40例儿童TLE临床共发作70次,临床发作症状最多的为意识改变、口部自动症。常规MRI,健康志愿者无异常;儿童TLE双侧海马大小不对称,患侧海马体积缩小、颞角扩大共16例,患侧FLAIR序列海马信号增高共9例。MRS,TLE患侧的NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)值明显小于TLE对侧、健康者左侧、健康者右侧,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TLE对侧、健康者左侧、健康者右侧两两间比较无明显差异,无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论:儿童TLE的诊断应依据临床发作特点及MRS综合分析,MRS能够无创并定量反映儿童TLE海马生化代谢异常,在TLE的术前定位中具有重要的诊断价值。     

MorphoBox自动分割皮层下灰质核团

目的 观察MorphoBox自动分割皮层下灰质核团(丘脑、壳核、尾状核、苍白球和海马)的价值。方法 收集40例颞叶癫痫(TLE)患者,按癫痫灶所在侧别将其分为左侧TLE(LTLE)组和右侧TLE(RTLE)组;另纳入22名健康人作为健康对照(HC组)。比较MorphoBox与传统Freesurfer基于MRI所测丘脑、壳核、尾状核、苍白球及海马体积的差异,评估MorphoBox的效能。结果 MorphoBox与Freesurfer所测双侧壳核、双侧尾状核、右侧苍白球及双侧海马体积差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。MorphoBox所测LTLE和RTLE组两侧壳核、尾状核及海马体积差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);Freesurfer所测RTLE组两侧丘脑体积和LTLE与RTLE组两侧壳核、尾状核、苍白球及海马体积差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。除HC组双侧海马外,MorphoBox与Freesurfer所测其余基底核团体积结果均相关(0.471≤r≤0.850);除HC组右侧苍白球及双侧海马外,二者所测其余基底核团体积结果均具有一致性(0.392≤ICC...     

特发性颞叶癫痫的MRI海马T2弛豫时间测量

[摘要] 目的：探讨海马T2弛豫时间（HCT2）在特发性颞叶癫痫（TLE）评价中的价值，并为后续的TLE病例HCT2测量与手术预后相关研究提供基础数据。方法：对36例全面性癫痫（GEP）、23例非颞叶部分性癫痫（NTPE）、26例TLE以及60例正常对照者（CL）进行HCT2测量，并分析其差异。结果：TLE组高侧平均HCT2较CL组增高7.5518ms，较GEP组及NTPE组增高4.1639ms和3.7293ms。TLE组低侧及GEP组和NTPE组低侧、高侧较CL组相应侧别分别增高2.7547ms、3.1347ms、3.2829ms、3.4669ms和3.9016ms。TLE组平均HCT2低/高比率较CL组、GEP组、NTPE组分别降低0.0482、0.0456和0.0425。结论：TLE组病灶侧HCT2明显高于CL组、GEP组及NTPE组，HCT2低/高比率降低是TLE的较特异表现。     

颞叶内侧癫痫全脑灰质基于体素的MRI形态分析

目的应用MRI基于体素的形态学测量方法（VBM）,分析颞叶内侧癫痫患者全脑灰质结构的改变。方法对23例颞叶内侧癫痫患者（其中右侧病变11例,左侧病变12例）,13例年龄性别与之匹配的健康志愿者行全脑扫描,应用磁化准备快速梯度回波成像序列获取三维结构图像。数据分析采用以SPM99软件包为基础的全自动VBM技术进行处理。结果与健康对照组比较,颞叶内侧癫痫患者显示了患侧和对侧海马,以及丘脑、扣带回等边缘系统结构灰质密度的减少。额叶及小脑皮层等结构也显示弥漫灰质密度的减少。结论VBM法操作简单,不但可检测颞叶内侧癫痫海马结构的异常,还可显示海马结构以外弥漫脑灰质结构的异常。     

Gray matter atrophy associated with duration of temporal lobe epilepsy

Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common abnormality associated with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Converging evidence supports that hippocampal sclerosis progresses with time. However, it is unclear whether extrahippocampal atrophy in patients with MTLE, similarly to hippocampal sclerosis, is an unremitting progressive process. In this article, we investigate the relationship between duration of epilepsy and gray matter concentration reduction in patients with MTLE within and outside the hippocampus. We employed a voxel-based morphometry study of MRI of the entire brain of 36 patients with drug refractory MTLE and 49 neurologically healthy age-matched controls. We performed a voxel-based parametric and nonparametric investigation of the association between gray matter concentration, age and duration of epilepsy. We complemented the investigation by extracting the gray matter concentration of regions of interest (ROIs) within the limbic system, and we investigated the association between the gray matter concentration on the ROIs and duration of epilepsy. Patients with MTLE exhibited gray matter concentration reduction that is negatively correlated with the duration of epilepsy within the ipsilateral hippocampus, temporal lobes as well as extratemporal limbic structures that are closely connected with the hippocampus. In conclusion, longer duration of refractory epilepsy was associated with a more intense hippocampal and extrahippocampal atrophy in patients with MTLE. The mechanism of progressive neuronal damage in MTLE may be related to active seizure activity within a limbic network, and early seizure control may prevent further brain atrophy in patients with refractory MTLE.     

Voxel-by-voxel comparison of automatically segmented cerebral gray matter--A rater-independent comparison of structural MRI in patients with epilepsy.

Quantitative evaluation of MRI in patients with epilepsy can give more information than qualitative assessment. Previously developed volume-of-interest-based methods identified subtle widespread structural changes in the neocortex beyond the visualized lesions in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and also in MRI-negative patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). This study evaluates a voxel-based automated analysis of structural MRI in epilepsy. After fully automated segmentation of cerebral gray matter from structural T1-weighted, high-resolution MRI scans, we applied the automated and objective technique of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to the analysis of gray matter of 35 control subjects, 10 patients with partial seizures and MCD, 10 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and HS, 10 patients with left TLE and normal MR quantitation of the hippocampus, and 20 patients with JME. At a corrected threshold of P < 0.05, significant abnormalities were found in 3/35 controls; in all 10 patients with MCD, 6 of whom had additional lesions beyond the margins of the visualized abnormalities; in 2/10 TLE patients with HS; in 2/10 MRI-negative TLE; and in 4/20 JME patients. Group comparisons between control subjects and HS patients identified the affected left temporal lobe with an increase in gray matter in the posterior temporal lobe, but did not identify hippocampal atrophy. The group of MRI-negative TLE patients showed no abnormalities compared with control subjects. Group comparison between control subjects and JME patients identified a mesial frontal increase in gray matter. The SPM-based voxel-by-voxel comparison of gray matter distribution identified MCD and abnormalities beyond the visualized lesion in individual MCD patients. The method did not reliably identify HS in individual patients or identify abnormalities in individual MRI-negative patients with TLE or JME in a proportion larger than the chance findings in the control group. Using group comparisons, structural abnormalities in the neocortical gray matter of patients with TLE and HS were lateralized to the affected temporal lobe. In patients with JME as a group, an increase in gray matter was localized to the mesial frontal area, corroborating earlier quantitative MRI findings.     

Voxel-based morphometric comparison of hippocampal and extrahippocampal abnormalities in patients with left and right hippocampal atrophy

We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM), an automatic whole-brain MR image analysis technique, to investigate gray matter abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), in whom hippocampal atrophy (HA) was demonstrated by application of the Cavalieri method of modern design stereology. VBM results (P < 0.05, corrected) indicated preferential gray matter concentration (GMC) reduction in anterior hippocampus in patients with left HA and posterior hippocampus in patients with right HA. GMC reduction was also found in right dorsal prefrontal cortex in left and right HA patients. Prefrontal atrophy may be due to epileptiform excitotoxic discharges from the reciprocally connected pathological hippocampus, and may be the underlying biological cause for executive dysfunction in patients with TLE. GMC excess in ipsilateral parahippocampal, cerebellar, and pericallosal regions was common to both left and right HA groups relative to controls, and is hypothesized to reflect diminished gray-white matter demarcation, underlying white matter atrophy, or structural displacement due to cerebrospinal fluid expansion. However, bilateral temporal lobe GMC excess was observed in left HA patients, while ipsilateral temporal lobe GMC excess was observed in right HA patients. This work demonstrates methodological consistency between automated VBM and manual stereological analysis of the hippocampus in group comparisons, indicates widespread extrahippocampal gray matter abnormalities in unilateral HA, and suggests that there may be inherent differences in the effect of TLE on temporal lobe structures depending on the side of HA.     

Voxel-based morphometry of the thalamus in patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Previous research has suggested that patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) show gray matter atrophy both within the temporal lobes as well as in the thalamus. However, these studies have not distinguished between different nuclei within the thalamus. We examined whether thalamic atrophy correlates with the nuclei's connections to other regions in the limbic system. T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained from 49 neurologically healthy control subjects and 43 patients diagnosed with chronic refractory MTLE that was unilateral in origin (as measured by ictal EEG and hippocampal atrophy observed on MRI). Measurements of gray matter concentration (GMC) were made using automated segmentation algorithms. GMC was analyzed both voxel-by-voxel (preserving spatial precision) as well as using predefined regions of interest. Voxel-based morphometry revealed intense GMC reduction in the anterior portion relative to posterior thalami. Furthermore, thalamic atrophy was greater ipsilateral to the MTLE origin than on the contralateral side. Here we demonstrate that the thalamic atrophy is most intense in the thalamic nuclei that have strong connections with the limbic hippocampus. This finding suggests that thalamic atrophy reflects this region's anatomical and functional association with the limbic system rather than a general vulnerability to damage.     

Whole-brain voxel-based statistical analysis of gray matter and white matter in temporal lobe epilepsy

Volumetric MRI studies based on manual labeling of selected anatomical structures have provided in vivo evidence that brain abnormalities associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) extend beyond the hippocampus. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a fully automated image analysis technique allowing identification of regional differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) between groups of subjects without a prior region of interest. The purpose of this study was to determine whole-brain GM and WM changes in TLE and to investigate the relationship between these abnormalities and clinical parameters. We studied 85 patients with pharmacologically intractable TLE and unilateral hippocampal atrophy and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The seizure focus was right sided in 40 patients and left sided in 45. Student's t test statistical maps of differences between patients' and controls' GM and WM concentrations were obtained using a general linear model. A further regression against duration of epilepsy, age of onset, presence of febrile convulsions, and secondary generalized seizures was performed with the TLE population. Voxel-based morphometry revealed that GM pathology in TLE extends beyond the hippocampus involving other limbic areas such as the cingulum and the thalamus, as well as extralimbic areas, particularly the frontal lobe. White matter reduction was found only ipsilateral to the seizure focus, including the temporopolar, entorhinal, and perirhinal areas. This pattern of structural changes is suggestive of disconnection involving preferentially frontolimbic pathways in patients with pharmacologically intractable TLE.     

56例成年癫痫患者抑郁、焦虑的临床评估及危险因素分析

目的:分析总结成年癫痫患者的抑郁、焦虑情况,并评估影响焦虑、抑郁水平的可能危险因素。方法:收集56例成年癫痫患者临床相关资料,应用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对患者的焦虑、抑郁程度进行评估,探讨成人癫痫的焦虑、抑郁比例和主要症状,分析性别、年龄、学历、起病年龄、病程、发作频率、发作类型、颞叶癫痫、癫痫家族史、影像学、抗癫痫药物(AEDs)、体育锻炼等因素对患者抑郁、焦虑的影响。结果:56例患者中,抑郁者15例(26.80%),得分率最高的3个单项为抑郁(93.33%),绝望感(86.67%),精神焦虑(86.67%);焦虑者17例(30.40%),得分率最高的3个单项为认知功能(88.24%),紧张(82.35%)及焦虑心境(76.47%)。性别、起病年龄、癫痫家族史、有无运动习惯与抑郁、焦虑评分无明显相关;低学历、癫痫频繁发作、影像学有额颞叶异常的患者易伴发抑郁、焦虑(P<0.05);年龄≥23岁、病程≥9年、部分性发作、颞叶癫痫、AEDs联合治疗则与抑郁相关(P<0.05)。结论:成年癫痫患者伴抑郁、焦虑比例高,症状多样,尤其年龄大、病程长、部分性发作、颞叶癫痫、AEDs联合治疗则易伴发抑郁,低学历、癫痫频繁发作、影像学有额颞叶异常的患者需警惕抑郁、焦虑的可能。