胰腺囊肿手术治疗术式选择(附40例报告)

我科自1979年11月至1987年11月共收治胰腺囊肿(包括严重感染形成脓肿)55例,其中真性胰腺囊肿7例(含2例恶性囊性腺癌),假性胰腺囊肿43例,胰腺脓肿5例。本组采用手术治疗者共40例,术式选择分别为:胰腺囊肿或脓肿单纯外引流术15例,经胃前壁切口,胃后壁囊肿吻合术1例,囊肿空肠Roux—Y型吻合术20例,囊肿胰体、尾、脾切除术4例,全组死亡4例。现就其手术治疗术式选择问题讨论如下。一、囊肿单纯外引流术:适用于病情严重,囊肿体积巨大,且增长速度较快,而囊肿壁薄脆有破裂危险,或有继发感染形成脓肿者,此时不宜行内引流     

腹腔镜胃前壁切开入路假性囊肿-胃吻合术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜胃前壁切开入路假性囊肿-胃吻合术治疗胰腺假性囊肿中的应用和效果。方法 回顾性分析2016 年12 月至2019 年6 月浙江省人民医院肝胆胰外科/微创外科（3 例）、安吉县第三人民医院外科（1 例）、永康市第一人民医院外一科（1 例）共5 例胰腺假性囊肿行腹腔镜下胃前壁切开入路胰胃吻合术治疗的临床资料,分析该术式的近远期疗效。结果 5例胰腺假性囊肿患者,其中男4例,女1例,2 例为胰腺术后胰漏所致假性囊肿,2 例为急性胰腺炎所致假性囊肿,1 例为胰腺外伤后所致假性囊肿。手术时间60～150 min,术中出血10～50 mL,术后无胰漏、胃漏、消化道出血等。术后随访2～24 个月,无反复发作胰腺炎、囊肿腔内感染及囊肿复发。结论 腹腔镜胃前壁切开入路囊肿-胃吻合治疗胰腺假性囊肿操作简单、安全有效,在合适病例中值得推荐。     

超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗早期胰腺假性囊肿23例

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗早期胰腺假性囊肿的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003至2008年在超声内镜引导下早期经胃穿刺置管引流进行治疗的23例巨大胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 假性囊肿位于胰头部3例,胰体部11例,胰尾部9例,囊肿平均直径11 cm(8～18 cm),均为单发囊性,所有病例在超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿,假性囊肿发现至穿刺手术间隔17～65d,平均31 d.2例术后发生囊肿感染,1例改用外引流,另1例改用手术内引流治疗治愈;3例出现消化道出血,保守治疗后治愈.2～3个月后CT复查,6例患者假性囊肿完全消失,余15例患者囊肿明显缩小,所有患者腹胀、腹痛症状缓解.随访1年,无溃疡、出血、囊腔感染等并发症发生.结论 超声引导下早期经胃穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿是安全、有效的.     

巨大胰腺假性囊肿外科内引流术式的选择

目的探讨巨大胰腺假性囊肿内引流术治疗的术式选择。方法回顾性分析收治且行囊肿内引流的13例巨大胰腺假性囊肿(长径15 cm)的临床资料。结果均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的6例,其中术后囊肿感染2例。囊肿胃吻合术3例,术后囊肿感染2例,消化道出血1例,其中2例需二次干预。囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术4例,其中囊肿胃一期内、外引流术2例,术后1例囊肿感染,非手术治疗后痊愈;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y一期内、外引流术2例,无术后并发症。全组无死亡病例。结论对部分巨大胰腺假性囊肿,囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术可能更为合适。对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的巨大胰腺假性囊肿,建议行囊肿胃一期内、外引流术。     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科治疗体会

回顾性分析5年余收治的25例胰腺假性囊肿的病例资料。行囊肿空肠吻合术7例，囊肿胃吻合术1例，单纯囊肿外引流术9例，内引流+外引流术2例，外引流+脾切除术1例，外引流+半胃切除+胃空肠吻合术1例，囊肿切除术1例，经皮穿刺置管引流术1例，非手术治疗2例。外引流术后1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术，1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管切除术，1例囊肿胃吻合术后并发消化道出血经非手术治疗而愈，其余病例术后均痊愈。提示胰腺假性囊肿应根据不同情况选择不同的治疗方式，大多能治愈。     

胰腺囊肿性疾病69例诊治体会

目的 总结胰腺囊肿性疾病的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析69例胰腺囊肿性疾病的分类、诊断和治疗方法、手术时机、手术方式以及疗效.结果 31例肿瘤性囊腺瘤中,3例作局部切除术,17例作胰体尾部切除术,3例胰尾+脾脏切除术,1例仅作囊肿-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,4例施行胰头十二指肠切除术,1例仅作T管架桥胆-肠内引流术,2例作胰颈体中段切除术;全组无并发症与死亡,23例囊腺瘤均无瘤存活,8例(100%)囊腺癌存活1年,7例(87%)存活3年,4例(50%)存活5年.38例胰腺假性囊肿中,6例保守治愈,2例置管外引流、4例手术外引流痊愈;26例内引流术中包括1例囊肿-胃吻合术、1例囊肿-十二指肠吻合术、2例囊肿-空肠襻式吻合术、21例囊肿-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,1例囊肿切除术均获得成功.6例部分性肠梗阻、2例吻合口瘘、1例外引流囊内出血均治愈无死亡;31例(81.6%)随访2年以上无复发.结论 胰腺肿瘤性囊肿一经诊断,均应考虑手术切除为妥;对于急性胰腺假性囊肿先观察6周,未能消退者亦应考虑手术治疗.     

腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流术11例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流术治疗胰腺体尾部假性囊肿的可行性和安全性。方法我科2013年6月~2016年1月对11例胰腺假性囊肿施行完全腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流,完全腹腔镜下从横结肠系膜后方切开囊壁,用带倒刺缝线行胰空肠吻合术。结果均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开腹,术中平均出血量60 ml(40~150ml),平均手术时间120 min(90~180 min),术后平均住院时间7.5 d(5~12 d)。术后均无严重并发症发生。11例术后随访10~24个月,平均19.3月,无胰腺假性囊肿复发,无腹痛、畏寒、发热等不适。结论对胰腺体尾部假性囊肿采用完全腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流安全、可行。     

胰腺囊性疾病破裂的诊断与治疗(附20例临床病例分析)

目的探讨胰腺囊性疾病破裂的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2015年12月期间哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院胰胆外科收治的20例胰腺囊性疾病破裂患者的临床资料,其中胰腺假性囊肿15例,胰腺囊性肿瘤5例。结果 5例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者均行手术切除,其中2例行胰十二指肠切除术,3例行胰体尾脾切除术。15例胰腺假性囊肿患者中,行超声引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺置管引流2例;内镜下胰管内支架引流2例;内镜下胰管内支架引流联合超声引导下胰腺假性囊肿穿刺置管引流2例;手术治疗9例,其中假性囊肿外引流1例,假性囊肿内引流8例(胰腺假性囊肿空肠吻合5例,胰腺假性囊肿胃吻合3例)。术后发生胰瘘3例(A级2例,B级1例),胃排空障碍1例,肺部感染2例,腹腔积液1例。随访3个月至5年,平均25.6个月,1例胰腺假性囊肿患者行内镜下胰管内支架引流术后假性囊肿复发,还有1例胰腺假性囊肿患者行假性囊肿内引流术后复发,2例复发患者均经非手术治疗后症状好转,痊愈出院。结论正确地鉴别胰腺囊性肿瘤与胰腺假性囊肿是胰腺囊性疾病破裂治疗方式选择的前提。胰腺囊性疾病破裂的治疗较常规胰腺囊性疾病的治疗急迫,治疗方式的选择至关重要,应根据患者具体情况制定出个体化治疗方案,使患者最大程度获益。     

胰腺损伤12例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺损伤的手术方法。方法根据胰腺损伤AAST分级,12例患者分别行胰腺清创修补、胰体尾部切除(部分加脾切除)、胰腺近端缝扎、远侧行胰空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术及胰十二指肠切除术。对患者的临床资料进行总结。结果本组治愈11例,死亡1例。术后出现胰瘘6例,假性囊肿2例。平均住院24 d。结论胰腺损伤需结合血清酶学及影像学检查综合分析,及早明确诊断,选择合理术式,充分引流,及时处理并发症。     

胰腺囊肿经胃或十二指肠吻合术

胰腺囊肿的常用术式有胰腺囊肿切除、胰体尾部切除术,外引流术和内引流术。除个别真性囊肿可施行囊肿切除或包括胰体尾部切除外,绝大多数胰腺囊肿应用内引流术。位于胃上和后方的囊肿宜行胃囊肿吻合术。位于胰头而又蔓及十二指肠后壁的囊肿而宜行囊肿十二指肠吻合术。只有那些囊肿位于大网膜囊内或横结肠系膜间隙的膨胀性囊肿,才适应于囊肿空肠Roux—Y式吻合术。作者在六十年代以前所处理的胰腺囊肿术式繁多,效果不尽满意。六十年代以后基本上按上述原则选择应用,尤其对经胃或经十二指肠囊肿内引流术,感到操作简便、效果良好,兹就此术式     

Treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts by laparoscopic cystogastrostomy

AIM: To evaluate the clinical results of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy and to determine the potential advantages of this new therapeutic option. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study concerned 12 patients presenting with pancreatic pseudocyst and operated on by laparoscopic cystogastrostomy between 1997 and 2002. There were five men and seven women with a median age of 46 years (range: 30-72). In ten patients, the pseudocyst developed after acute pancreatitis and the median delay between the acute onset and surgery was 7 months (range: 2-24). In two patients, the pseudocyst was associated with chronic pancreatitis. All the patients had a single cyst bulging into the posterior wall of the stomach and the median cyst diameter was 9 cm (range: 5-14). RESULTS: Endoluminal gastric laparoscopy was used in six patients and intraperitoneal transgastric laparoscopy in six patients. Conversion to open surgery was required in one patient because the cyst could not be correctly localised by laparoscopy. The median size of the cystogastrostomy was 3 cm (range: 2-5). In eight patients, necrotic debris were still present within the cyst. The median operative time was 90 min (range: 60-140) and the median postoperative hospital stay was 6 days (range: 4-24). No mortality was recorded and postoperative morbidity was limited to one haematoma of the rectus sheath on a port site. One patient was readmitted on the 20th postoperative day because of cyst infection due to partial closure of the cystogastrostomy and was treated by endoscopic placement of a stent. One patient was lost for follow-up 2 months after surgery. With a median clinical and radiological follow-up of 12 months (range: 6-36), no recurrence of pancreatic pseudocyst was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, laparoscopic cystogastrostomy is associated with a low postoperative morbidity and an effective permanent result. Laparoscopy has two main advantages: an excellent control of haemostasis and the creation of a wide communication with debridement of the cyst contents thus minimizing the risk of infection or recurrence of the pseudocyst.     

Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst is safe and effective.

Between March 1997 and March 1998, three consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for persistent giant retrogastric pancreatic pseudocyst complicating an attack of acute pancreatitis. The mean cyst diameter was 15 +/- 1 cm (range 14-16). The procedure was performed with four trocars. The anterior wall of the stomach was opened longitudinally. The pseudocyst was entered through the posterior wall of the stomach. A cystogastrostomy was created by suturing the margins of the communication by interrupted nonabsorbable sutures. The mean operative time was 123 +/- 15 min, and there were no postoperative complications. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 +/- 1 days. Computed tomography demonstrated complete resolution of the pseudocyst. Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy represents a good therapeutic option for persistent retrogastric pancreatic pseudocyst.     

Laparoscopic intragastric stapled cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst

BACKGROUND: Mature symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts require surgical intervention for their management. In this era of minimal access surgery, several reports are now available of laparoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have performed this procedure in five patients over the past 2 years. Four patients developed the pseudocyst after acute alcoholic pancreatitis and one following acute biliary pancreatitis. The diameter of the pseudocyst ranged from 8 to 12 cm. The procedure was performed using five ports. The Harmonic Scalpel was used to create two ports in the anterior stomach wall through which two balloon trocars were placed into the gastric lumen. Following balloon inflation, the trocars were used to lift up the anterior gastric wall. This created the space for the cystogastrostomy to be fashioned laparoscopically through the balloon trocar. The ball probe of the Harmonic Scalpel was used to puncture the cyst through the posterior gastric wall. The cystogastrostomy was completed by firing an Endo-GIA30 stapler across the fused posterior gastric wall and anterior wall of the cyst. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 90 minutes (range 80-125 minutes). The mean postoperative stay was 3.0 days. One patient had intraoperative bleeding at the anastomotic site, which was easily controlled. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy offers a feasible and safe therapeutic option for selected patients with large symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Gastroscopic-assisted laparoscopic cystogastrostomy in the management of pseudocysts of the pancreas

Once pancreatic pseudocysts become persistent, unresolving, and symptomatic, surgical drainage is mandatory. Between January 1998 and December 2001, we performed five laparoscopic cystogastrostomies for such pseudocysts with the simultaneous use of the gastroendoscope. The mean cyst diameter was 20 cm (range, 18.5-24). In the first four cases, the anterior wall of the stomach was entered through two 10-mm balloon cannulae under gastroscopic guidance. By introducing the laparoscope through one port and a harmonic scalpel through the other, a wide cystogastrostomy was performed. In the fifth case, a modification of the above technique was carried out. A single 10-mm cannula was used to enter the stomach and, with the use of a side-viewing gastroduodenoscope as the camera source, the harmonic scalpel was used to create the cystogastrostomy. The punctures in the wall of the stomach were repaired with endosutures. The gallbladder was removed in all cases. The mean operating time was 110 minutes (range, 92-128) for the combined procedure. There were no postoperative complications, and the mean hospital stay was 4 days. Postoperative follow-up with ultrasonography over a period of 1 year in each case revealed complete resolution of the cyst. Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy using harmonic scalpel under gastroscopic control is an effective and rapid method of surgically managing such lesions.     

泛影葡胺造影在诊断上消化道穿孔中的应用

目的：探讨泛影葡胺造影对上消化道穿孔者的诊断价值。方法：对临床上怀疑上消化道穿孔的112例患者,术前使用泛影葡胺造影,并对该组的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者在透视下动态观察有无造影剂经胃、十二指肠漏出并摄片分析,有造影剂漏出为阳性,无则为阴性。结果：112例患者行泛影葡胺造影,阳性者72 例：胃穿孔31 例,其中胃溃疡穿孔27例,胃癌穿孔4例;十二指肠球部穿孔 41例。阴性者40例,其中39例经CT、急诊胃镜检查及剖腹探查确诊为其他疾病,但有1例阴性者行剖腹探查诊断为胃后壁穿孔。该法的诊断符合率99.1 %,敏感性98.6%,特异性100%,全组假阴性1例,无假阳性。结论：泛影葡胺在诊断上消化道穿孔中安全、有效、方便、价廉,有其重要应用价值。     

Surgical treatment of cysts and cyst-like formations of pancreas

Results of treatment of 87 patients with cystic pancreatic formation were analyzed. In 38 patients pancreatic cyst had formatted after destructive pancreatitis, in 28--after pancreatic trauma, in 6--due to virsungolithiasis, in 9--cystadenoma was revealed, in 6--cystadenocarcinoma. In 29 patients operation of internal drainage of cyst was performed. Basing on accumulated experience the authors recommend to perform puncture-cathetherizational intervention under ultrasonic investigation and computeric tomography control, when nonformated or complicated pancreatic cyst is present; in the treatment of uncomplicated nonformated pancreatic cyst the operation of internal drainage, using different organs, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, constitutes the method of choice. When it is impossible to perform puncture-cathetherizational intervention, external drainage of cyst and complex conservative therapy may become the method of choice for the treatment of complicated pancreatic cyst. In the presence of benign cystose tumor it is necessary widely apply radical operation--pancreatic resection. The largest frequency of complications occurrence have been noted after external drainage of cyst, performance of cystogastrostomy, pancreatic resection for cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. The principal of them are: the external pancreatic fistula occurrence (in 9.1% of observations), the cyst recurrency (in 5.7%), erosive hemorrhage (in 4.6%), pancreatitis (in 5.4%), suppuration of postoperative wound (in 8%), stenosis of cystodigestive anastomosis (in 2.3%). Postoperative mortality was 6.8%.     

New techniques in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts

The results of an analysis on the mortality-morbidity data of 1698 operations performed for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and/or its complications at the First Department of Surgery of Semmelweis University Medical School between 1975 and 1995 are presented herein. Special attention was focused on the effectiveness of such recently introduced techniques as posterior cystogastrostomy, cysto-Wirsungo gastrostomy, modified pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and blunt transparenchymal cystoduodenostomy. The posterior cystogastrostomy is technically easier to perform than the traditional Juras operation, as only the posterior ventricular wall needs to be cut open, and it can be combined with decompression-type operations. On the other hand, the cysto-Wirsungo gastrostomy achieves a long-lasting effect, and the cyst drainage in this operation ensures decompression. Moreover, if this operation is performed at an early stage, the progression of chronic pancreatitis is slowed down. The modified pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy eliminates the disadvantages of the Whipple operation and is a commonly performed operation for chronic pancreatitis localized within the head of the pancreas. However, since the introduction of the blunt transparenchymal cystoduodenostomy, the number of pancreatoduodenectomies has been reduced by 60%. This is an effective method with long-lasting results for the treatment of smaller cysts localized deeply in the head of the pancreas. The findings of this study strongly suggest that that these procedures give significantly better results for certain pathological conditions such as pancreatic pesudocysts than traditional methods.     

Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage following internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts]

In operative treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts by inner drainage there is a risk of massive gastrointestinal bleeding particularly following an anastomosis to the stomach. In 10 patients in whom cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy had been performed elsewhere a second laparotomy was necessary because of acute bleeding. In one patient a cystadenoma of the pancreas had been anastomosed to the duodenum by mistake at the previous operation. The leak of obliteration of the cyst is suggested to be the most important factor in the pathophysiology of bleeding. Inner pseudocyst drainage in a disconnected small bowel loop therefore principally should be performed at the lowest point of the cyst. The indication for an inner cyst drainage, however, must be closely examined since simultaneous pathologic changes in the pancreas often justify a resection to remove the origin of the cyst and, further, averting the complications of an inadequate inner pancreatic cyst drainage.     

Late massive hemorrhage following cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst: Report of a case

We report the case of a man who developed life-threatening massive gastric hemorrhage 3 months after undergoing cystogastrostomy for a pancreatic pseudocyst. After cystogastrostomy, the pancreatic pseudocyst became remarkably reduced in size, having the appearance of a shallow ulcer by barium study. However, tarry stools and hematemesis developed 3 months later, 6 days after which sudden massive hematemesis and melena occurred with severe hypotension. At emergency operation, a large artery at the bottom of the reduced cyst wall was found to have ruptured and hemostasis was achieved by suture ligation. The splenic artery was suspected as the bleeding point because a 95% abrupt stenosis was seen on angiography-performed the next day. Thus, the risk of hemorrhage occurring after internal drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst even in the late postoperative period should always be borne in mind.     

胰腺假性囊肿内引流术式的研究

目的：探讨胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的术式选择。
方法：回顾性分析13余年收治且行囊肿内引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿62例的临床资料,着重探讨手术方法以及效果。
结果：全组均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的31例,术后囊肿感染发生率为9.7%（3/31）,消化道出血发生率为3.2%（1/31）,无死亡病例。行囊肿胃吻合术的16例,术后囊肿感染发生率为12.5%（2/16）,消化道出血发生率为37.5%（6/16）,病死率为6.25%（1/16）。行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术的15例,术后囊肿感染发生率为6.7%（1/15）,消化道出血发生率为13.3%（2/15）,无死亡者。
结论：囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是安全有效的术式;对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的囊肿,建议行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术。