预激综合征伴房颤射频消融治疗的探讨

目的观察房室旁路射频消融术与房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术两种消融方法治疗预激综合征伴心房颤动患者的疗效。方法本研究纳入58例预激伴房颤患者,随机分为两组,一组为单纯行房室旁路射频消融术(单纯组)36例,另一组为房室旁路射频消融术联合环肺静脉电隔离术(联合组)22例,术后随访两组患者房颤的复发情况。结果最长随访42个月,最短随访3个月,两组随访期间均无一例患者发生房颤(p>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论在预激伴房颤患者中,房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术不优于单纯房室旁路消融术;房室旁路消融术可减少预激伴房颤患者的房颤再发率。     

预激综合征患者发生心房颤动的危险因素及射频消融房室旁道后对其远期发生率的影响

目的分析预激伴房颤患者的危险因素,阐明射频消融房室旁道旁道对预激伴房颤患者的疗效。方法研究对象为639例在我院行射频消融术治疗预激综合征患者。对其诸多可能发生房颤的危险因素(性别、年龄、旁道部位、旁道数目、房颤病史、房颤发作时心电图上最短RR间期、左房内径等)进行研究,从而确定房颤发生的危险因素及消融房室旁道后房颤复发的影响因素。结果在639例预激综合征患者中,其中有82例经病史和心电图证实伴有心房颤动,其余557例不伴有心房颤动。比较两组后发现,预激伴房颤组男性更多(64/82 vs 332/557,P<0.01),高龄者更多(45.6±14.3岁vs 35.8±15.5岁,P<0.001),双旁路或多旁路者更多(14/82 vs 48/557,0.01相似文献   

预激综合征患者发生心房颤动的危险因素及射频消融房室旁道后对其远期发生率的影响

目的分析预激伴房颤患者的危险因素,阐明射频消融房室旁道旁道对预激伴房颤患者的疗效。方法研究对象为639例在我院行射频消融术治疗预激综合征患者。对其诸多可能发生房颤的危险因素(性别、年龄、旁道部位、旁道数目、房颤病史、房颤发作时心电图上最短RR间期、左房内径等)进行研究,从而确定房颤发生的危险因素及消融房室旁道后房颤复发的影响因素。结果在639例预激综合征患者中,其中有82例经病史和心电图证实伴有心房颤动,其余557例不伴有心房颤动。比较两组后发现,预激伴房颤组男性更多(64/82 vs 332/557,P<0.01),高龄者更多(45.6±14.3岁vs 35.8±15.5岁,P<0.001),双旁路或多旁路者更多(14/82 vs 48/557,0.01相似文献   

心房颤动时射频消融右侧房室旁路一例

心房颤动时射频消融右侧房室旁路一例曹克将单其俊杨志健李闻奇黄元铸顾翔何胜虎心房颤动（房颤）是临床上十分常见的心律失常，它不仅发生于器质性心脏病病人，也常见于预激综合征患者。在进行射频消融房室旁路时，房颤的出现导致导管标测复杂化，严重影响消融靶点的确定...     

预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞的诊断及治疗

目的 报道5例预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞患者的诊断和治疗。方法 进行心内电生理检查和射频消融旁路。结果 电生理检查未诱发房室折返性心动过速，心房刺激时体表心电图的预激程度无变化。消融阻断旁路前传后，均示完全性房室阻滞。4例患者在消融术后植入永久性起搏器．随访中无心房颤动发作。1例患者放弃对旁路的消融治疗。结论 预激综合征合并完全性房室阻滞是射频消融的适应证。消融前对房室传导功能的评定十分重要。成功消融旁路后应植入永久性起搏器。     

阵发性房室或房室结折返性心动过速患者射频消融治疗前后有关心房颤动的研究

心房颤动 (房颤 )是房室旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT )及阵发性房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT )患者常见的并发症 ,国外报道发生率为 19%～ 44% ,并因其对显性预激患者具有潜在的导致恶性室性心律失常、血栓栓塞及猝死的危险而倍受重视。射频消融治疗已成为目前治疗AVRT和AVNRT的一线治疗。本研究的目的是总结AVRT和AVNRT患者射频消融治疗前后房颤的发生情况 ,从而分析成功的射频消融慢径及房室旁路对房颤的预防作用。资料和方法对象为 1994年 1月～ 1999年 12月在我院导管室接受射频消融治疗成功的 90例AVRT和AVNRT…     

房室旁路射频消融术对预激综合征患者心房颤动发生率的影响

目的观察房室旁路射频消融术对伴有阵发性心房颤动(PAF)的预激综合征患者PAF发生情况的影响.方法对75例(男59例,女16例),年龄41±8(14～71)岁,伴有PAF的预激综合征(WPW)患者进行显性房室旁路的射频消融术,其中左侧旁路35例,右侧旁路40例.全部患者均经射频消融消除显性旁路并定期通过症状和心电图随访判定有无PAF再发.结果除9例患者失访外,51例无PAF再发,15例有PAF再发,再发的15例PAF中有5例转为永久性心房颤动.有PAF再发的患者均无阵发性心动过速再发的证据.结论房室旁路射频消融术后可显著减少预激综合征患者PAF的再发率.     

射频消融的延迟效应及其临床意义(附2例报道)

目的评价射频消融阵发性室上性心动过速的延迟作用及其临床意义.方法 2例顽固性阵发性室上性心动过速患者住院行射频消融术.例1女性,15岁,预激综合征,体表心电图及心内电生理检查示左侧旁路.例2男性,体表心电图正常,心内电生理检查证实为左侧房室旁路.结果在消融放电时,2例患者的房室旁路均可被阻断,但都因停止放电后旁路多次复发而致术中消融失败.例1术后一天预激消失,例2术后第七天重复心内电生理检查无旁路传导.平均随访7个月无心动过速复发.结论射频能量对心脏的作用,不仅发生在释放能量的当时,而且可延迟到术后一段时间.     

心房颤动时预激综合征患者房室旁路的射频导管消融二例

心房颤动时预激综合征患者房室旁路的射频导管消融二例中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学心血管病研究所阜外心血管病医院临床电生理研究室马坚张奎俊王方正王锦志余培桢本文结合２例心房颤动心律时显性房室旁路的射频导管消融过程，讨论其消融术特点。１临床资料例１女性...     

预激性心动过速心电图精读

预激性心动过速（preexcited tachycardia）是随着心脏电生理研究的进展，近几年形成的新概念，是指预激综合征伴经旁路（含房束和束室旁路）前传心室的心动过速的总称，包括窦性、房性、房室折返、房室结折返性心动过速和房扑、房颤伴旁路前传心室的快速心律失常。室律规整者以预激综合征伴房扑为常见，不规整者多见于预激综合征伴房颤。下面结合2例分析讨论如下。     

Iatrogenic ventricular fibrillation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is the most common manifestation of ventricular pre-excitation syndrome and is mostly found in individuals with no structural heart disease. Although the risk of malignant arrhythmias is low, sudden cardiac death (SCD) as the first clinical manifestation of WPW syndrome is well documented, and atrial fibrillation (AF) with a rapid ventricular response is the main mechanism involved. Unfortunately, the signs of pre-excitation and arrhythmias are sometimes under-diagnosed and under-treated. We describe the case of a 31-year-old man who was admitted with an irregular wide complex tachycardia consistent with pre-excited AF, which was not promptly diagnosed, and who developed ventricular fibrillation (VF) after administration of atrioventricular (AV) nodal blockers, as a primary manifestation of WPW syndrome. Blocking the AV node in patients with pre-excited AF may increase the ventricular rate and potentially result in hemodynamic instability. Among patients with WPW syndrome who survive an episode of SCD, catheter ablation of the accessory pathway is the treatment of choice.     

Doppler predictors of inducibility of atrial fibrillation in patients with WPW syndrome and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) may induce complex ventricular arrhythmias resulting in sudden cardiac death. It is essential to find an effective non-invasive diagnostic method allowing to select patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Our objective was to examine Doppler predictors of AF in patients with WPW and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 65 patients with WPW and AVRT (33 men, mean age 39 +/- 11 y) were prospectively studied. In all patients TTE was performed with measurements of left ventricle (LV) diameters, volumes and parameters of systolic and diastolic function. TTE was followed by invasive electrophysiology study (EPS) and radiofrequency current ablation of accessory pathway.AF lasting at least 30 s was induced in 29 (44.6%) patients during EPS. Reduction of right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) systolic velocity (P < 0.005) and systolic to diastolic velocity ratio (P < 0.005) and increase in atrial reversal velocity (P < 0.05) of RUPV flow and difference between duration of RUPV atrial reversal flow and A wave of mitral profile (P < 0.05) were associated with increased risk of AF in patients with WPW syndrome and AVRT. Systolic and atrial reversal velocities were identified as independent predictors of AF in those patients. CONCLUSIONS: Systolic and atrial reversal right upper pulmonary vein flow velocities have been shown to be independent predictors of AF inducibility in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia.     

Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on atrial fibrillation recurrence after accessory pathway ablation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

BackgroundAlthough successful ablation of the accessory pathway (AP) eliminates atrial fibrillation (AF) in some of patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome and paroxysmal AF, in other patients it can recur.HypothesisWhether adding pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) after successful AP ablation effectively prevents AF recurrence in patients with WPW syndrome is unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 160 patients (102 men, 58 women; mean age, 46 ± 14 years) with WPW syndrome and paroxysmal AF who underwent AP ablation, namely 103 (64.4%) undergoing only AP ablation (AP group) and 57 (35.6%) undergoing AP ablation plus PVI (AP + PVI group). Advanced interatrial block (IAB) was defined as a P‐wave duration of >120 ms and biphasic (±) morphology in the inferior leads, using 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG).ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 30.9 ± 9.2 months (range, 3‐36 months), 22 patients (13.8%) developed AF recurrence. The recurrence rate did not differ in patients in the AP + PVI group and AP group (15.5% vs 10.5%, respectively; P = .373). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that PVI was not associated with the risk of AF recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.26‐1.68; P = .380). In WPW patients with advanced IAB, the recurrence rate was lower in patients in the AP + PVI group vs the AP group (90% vs 33.3%, respectively; P = .032).ConclusionsPVI after successful AP ablation significantly reduced the AF recurrence rate in WPW patients with advanced IAB. Screening of a resting 12‐lead ECG immediately after AP ablation helps identify patients in whom PVI is beneficial.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways during pre-excited atrial fibrillation: acute success rate and long-term clinical follow-up results as compared to those patients undergoing successful catheter ablation during sinus rhythm

The onset of recurrent or sustained atrial fibrillation (AF) is common during electrophysiological (EP) studies of accessory pathways (AP). We report our experience in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome in whom AF with rapid antegrade conduction over the AP occurred during an EP study and mapping and ablation were done during sustained AF, as compared to patients ablated during sinus rhythm. The study group consisted of 18 patients (group 1) with WPW syndrome who underwent catheter ablation during pre-excited AF. Two hundred and sixty-three patients, comparable for clinical characteristics, whose manifest APs were ablated under sinus rhythm formed the control group (group 2). Bipolar electrogram criteria recorded from the ablation catheter showing early ventricular activation relative to the delta wave on the surface ECG and AP potentials preceding the onset of ventricular activation were used as targets for ablation. Clinically documented atrial fibrillation was significantly more frequent and antegrade ERP of AP was significantly shorter in group 1 than in group 2 (39% vs 14%, P = 0.014 and 268 ± 37 vs 283 ± 16, P < 0.001, respectively). Procedure-related variables, acute success rates (17/18 [94%] in group 1, 251/263 [95%] in group 2; P > 0.05) and late recurrence rates (0/18 [0%] in group 1 vs 5/263 [2%] in group 2; P > 0.05) during a mean follow-up of 25 ± 9 months (range 8–52 months) did not differ significantly. Our results show that both right- and left-sided accessory pathways can be mapped and ablated safely during pre-excited AF without delay, and that acute success and recurrence rates and long-term follow-up results are similar to those of pathways ablated during sinus rhythm.     

Risk factors of atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with WPW syndrome may be a life-threatening arrhythmia. AIM: To identify risk factors of AF and their prognostic significance in patients with WPW syndrome. METHODS: Clinical and electrophysiological parameters of 239 patients with WPW syndrome, who underwent successful RF ablation, were analysed using logistic regression and multivariate analysis. One hundred eight patients had no history of AF whereas the remaining 81 patients had previous spontaneous AF episodes. Long-term follow-up data (mean 29+/-23 months, range 1-99 months) were available in 136 patients (87 without AF and 49 with AF). RESULTS: Patients with AF were significantly older, more frequently of male gender and had more often a history of syncope than patients without AF. There were two peaks of AF occurrence - in the third and in the fifth decade of life. Fourteen patients had a history of ventricular fibrillation - 11 patients with AF vs 3 patients without AF (p=0.0016). Patients with a history of AF were more prone to AF induced during electrophysiological study and had less frequently concealed accessory pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender and a history of syncope are the independent risk factors of AF in patients with WPW syndrome. Anterograde conduction via accessory pathway is of major importance in the development of AF. RF ablation of an accessory pathway should be performed early because the risk of the procedure is small and there is an increasing risk of AF with ageing.     

预激综合征合并心房颤动的射频消融及远期随防

探讨导管射频消融阻断房室旁道治疗预激综合征（ＷＰＷ）合并心房颤动（ＡＦ）病人的远期疗效，对连续５８例ＷＰＷ合并ＡＦ进行射频消融阻断旁道并随访观察，其中男３２例、女２２例，年龄４２±１７岁，ＡＦ病史２３±１１年，发作频度为１１±９次／年，ＡＦ时心室率１７８±２７ｂｐｍ，心电图上最短ＲＲ间期为２２１±３８ｍｓ。合并器质性心脏病９例、合并心功能不全４例。５８例中右侧旁道占９０％（５２／５８）、左侧旁道占１０％（６／５８）；单旁道５５例、双旁道３例（均为右侧旁道）。右房室环游离壁旁道３７条（６１％）、右前间隔９条（１５％）、右后间隔７条（１１％）、右中间隔２条（３％）、左游离壁４条（７％）、左后间隔２条（３％）。首次消融成功率９４％，两次消融成功率１００％，３个月内心电图上预激复发３例（５％），经再次消融成功。随访２．０±１．８年，５７例不再发作ＡＦ（９８％），１例ＡＦ复发者（２％）合并Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形和心功能不全，消融后ＡＦ发作次数比消融前明显减少，洋地黄容易控制心室率。４例心功能不全者在旁道阻断６个月后心功能恢复正常３例、改善１例。结论：短不应期房室旁道是导致ＷＰＷ病人发作ＡＦ的重要因素之一，采用导管射频消融?     

When should we recommend catheter ablation for patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Catheter ablation has been proven as very effective and safe therapy for patients with symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Its application in asymptomatic individuals with WPW pattern remains controversial. This review will elaborate on the role of catheter ablation in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with WPW pattern on ECG. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recent prospective studies evaluated invasive risk stratification followed by prophylactic catheter ablation in asymptomatic patients with WPW pattern. Inducibility of arrhythmias in these patients during invasive electrophysiological study was shown to predict the development of future symptomatic arrhythmias. Although ablation of accessory pathways performed in 'inducible' patients decreased the incidence of subsequent symptomatic arrhythmias, the studies were not powered to detect a reduction in life-threatening arrhythmias. SUMMARY: Radiofrequency catheter ablation remains the first-line therapy for patients with symptomatic WPW syndrome. Invasive electrophysiological study and possible ablation of accessory pathway may be offered to well informed asymptomatic individuals with WPW if they are willing to trade the very small risk of subsequent sudden death or incapacity for a small immediate procedural risk of serious complications or death. Asymptomatic patients may require invasive risk stratification and possible catheter ablation for important social or professional reasons.     

Frequency of recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of overt accessory pathways.

The effect of successful catheter ablation of overt accessory pathways on the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was studied in 129 symptomatic patients with (n = 75) or without (n = 54) previous documented AF. Fourteen had had ventricular fibrillation. Factors predictive of recurrence were examined, including electrophysiologic parameters. Atrial vulnerability was defined as induction of sustained AF (greater than 1 minute) using single, then double, atrial extrastimuli at 2 basic pacing cycle lengths. When compared to patients with only reciprocating tachycardia, patients with clinical AF included more men (77 vs 54%, p = 0.008) and were older (35 +/- 12 vs 29 +/- 12 years, p = 0.01). They had a significantly shorter cycle length leading to anterograde accessory pathway block (252 +/- 42 vs 298 +/- 83 ms, p less than 0.001), greater incidences of atrial vulnerability (89 vs 24%, p less than 0.001) and subsequent need for cardioversion (51 vs 15%, p less than 0.001). After discharge, the follow-up period was 35 +/- 12 months (range 18 to 76); 7 patients with previous spontaneous AF (9%) had recurrence at a mean of 10 months after ablation. Age, presence of structural heart disease accessory pathway location, atrial refractory periods and accessory pathway anterograde conduction parameters were not predictive of AF recurrence. Persistence of atrial vulnerability after ablation was the only factor associated with further recurrence of AF. Atrial vulnerability was observed after ablation in only 56% of patients with previous AF versus 89% before ablation. It is concluded that successful catheter ablation of accessory pathways prevents further recurrence of AF in 91% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Why is Warfarin Underutilized in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation?

BACKGROUND: Identification of patients at risk for PAF recurrence after AP ablation is important because of the necessity for additional therapies. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether Maximum P-wave duration (Pmax) and P-wave dispersion (Pd ) detected on surface ECG after successful accessory pathway (AP) ablation can predict the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome who had at least one documented PAF episode and underwent catheter ablation were enrolled. Pmax, minimum P-wave duration (Pmin) and Pd were determined on a surface ECG recorded on a high resolution computer screen on day 2 after ablation of the AP. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in terms of basic clinical data and electrophysiological findings between patients with (Group-1, n = 19) and without (Group-2, n = 59) recurrence of PAF during follow-up of 21 +/- 10 months. Pmax and Pd were significantly higher in Group-1 than Group-2 (120 +/- 15 vs. 96 +/- 10 ms and 47 +/- 12 vs. 25 +/- 7 ms, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Pmin didn't differ significantly. A Pmax value of > or = 103 ms separated Group-1 from Group-2 with a sensitivity of 84.2%, specificity of 72.9%, positive predictive value of 50%, and negative predictive value of 93.5%. A Pd value of > or = 32.5 ms separated Group-1 from Group-2 with a sensitivity of 89.5%, specificity of 84.7%, positive predictive value of 65.4%, and negative predictive value of 96.2%. Pmax (p < 0.010) and Pd (p < 0.001) were found to be significant univariate predictors of PAF, whereas only Pd remained significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Pd > or = 32.5 ms and Pmax > or = 103.0 ms predict the recurrence of PAF after ablation with acceptable positive and negative predictive values. Pd > or = 32.5 ms is an independent predictor of recurrence of PAF after catheter ablation in patients with WPW syndrome.     

Ventricular fibrillation as a primary manifestation of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is defined as a condition involving an accessory pathway associated with symptoms. A typical ECG pattern of a pre-excitation shows a short PQ interval, presence of delta wave and a broad QRS complex on surface ECG. The underlying mechanism involves an accessory pathway, which enables conduction of a depolarization wave from atria to ventricles bypassing the AV node and predisposes to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The most common arrhythmia in patients with WPW syndrome is atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. However, it is not present in all patients with pre-excitation [1], [2], [3], [4]. Up to 1/3 of patients with AVRT experience atrial fibrillation, which may be conducted to ventricular myocardium via the accessory pathway and lead to a life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. The most effective treatment of the WPW syndrome is a radiofrequency catheter ablation [2], [5], [6], [7], [8]. This paper describes a case of a 40-year-old woman after a cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ventricular fibrillation, which was a primary manifestation of the WPW syndrome. It focuses on pathophysiology, clinical pattern and treatment possibilities of patients with WPW syndrome.