丘脑出血患者应用谷氨酰胺联合泮托拉唑的治疗方案对预防应激性溃疡发生及其预后的影响

目的探讨谷氨酰胺联合泮托拉唑对丘脑出血预防应激性溃疡及预后的影响.方法回顾性分析2012-05/2017-05鄞州第二医院收治的130例丘脑出血患者的临床资料,其中60例患者给予泮托拉唑方案预防应激性溃疡,将其作为对照组,70例患者使用谷氨酰胺联合泮托拉唑方案预防应激性溃疡,将其作为观察组.然后将两组患者的胃液pH值、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(adreno-cortico-tropichormone,ACTH)、血浆皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)等指标、应激性溃疡发生率、出血持续时间及死亡率等进行比较.结果在治疗后1 wk,观察组患者的胃液p H值明显高于对照组(5.19±0.81 vs 3.03±0.91),观察组患者的血浆ACTH、Cor浓度明显低于对照组(18.68±1.56vs 25.22±2.58、431.5±213.1 vs 579.9±209.6),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);在治疗后2 wk,观察组患者的胃液pH值明显高于对照组(5.12±0.87v s 2.92±0.93),观察组患者的血浆ACTH、Cor浓度明显低于对照组(17.32±1.41 vs 25.31±2.61、423.9±203.6 vs 531.8±210.7),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的应激性溃疡发生率、出血持续时间、死亡率明显低于对照组(14.29%vs 31.67%、2.56±1.89 vs 5.38±2.07、11.43%vs21.67%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论在丘脑出血患者中应用谷氨酰胺联合泮托拉唑的治疗方案,能够预防应激性溃疡的发生,改善患者预后.     

奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的 观察奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血的临床疗效.方法 对我院收治的96例急性上消化道出血患者,随机分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=46).两组均给予扩容、止血、预防感染等常规治疗,对照组在此基础上给予泮托拉唑40mg静滴,每日2次;观察组给予泮托拉唑40mg静滴,每日2次,奥曲肽注射液0.lmg缓慢静脉...     

泮托拉唑预防脑出血并发应激性溃疡的疗效观察

目的 观察泮托拉唑预防脑出血并发应激性溃疡的疗效.方法 将100例脑出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组,在常规治疗的同时,观察组静脉注射泮托拉唑40mg,1次/d,对照组静脉注射西咪替丁400mg,1次/6h,疗程均为14d.比较两组防止脑出血并发应激性溃疡情况.结果 观察组出现应激性溃疡3例,发生率为6.00%,对照组出现应激性溃疡12例,发生率为24.00%,观察组发生应激性溃疡率明显低于对照组.结论 泮托拉唑预防脑出血并发应激性溃疡疗效满意,值得临床推广应用.     

泮托拉唑与奥曲肽治疗消化性溃疡伴上消化道出血的临床观察

选取我院接收治疗的消化性溃疡伴上消化道出血96例患者为研究资料,按照入院时间顺序分两组,每组48例。予以观察组大剂量泮托拉唑与奥曲肽治疗,予以对照组常规剂量联合用药,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:观察组和对照组患者的临床治疗效果对比(P0.05);关于两组患者住院时间、输血量和止血时间情况比较(P0.05),观察组在出血率情况与对照组对比(P0.05)。结论:针对消化性溃疡伴上消化道出血患者,采用大剂量泮托拉唑与奥曲肽治疗,其疗效显著,能减少不良反应发生,促进患者病症恢复。     

泮托拉唑应用于预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床价值

目的:分析泮托拉唑应用于预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床价值.方法:选取2012-01/2014-01南阳市中心医院接收治疗的外科重症及大手术患者108例,采用随机数表法将108例患者分为观察组和对照组,每组54例.给予观察组患者泮托拉唑,给予对照组患者西咪替丁.对比治疗2w k后两组患者的发生率和手术前后的胃液p H值.结果:观察组患者中有2例患者发生应激性溃疡,发生率为3.71%.对照组患者中有11例患者发生应激性溃疡,发生率为20.38%.比较两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).术前观察组患者和对照组患者的胃液p H值分别为2.00±0.22和2.00±0.23,术后观察组患者和对照组患者的胃液p H值分别为2.00±0.23和7.20±1.10.手术前后观察组患者的胃液p H值均高于对照组患者,比较两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论:泮托拉唑较西咪替丁预防创伤后应激性溃疡的临床疗效较好,能够显著降低应激性溃疡的发生率.     

泮托拉唑和法莫替丁对高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者上消化道出血的预防作用比较

目的研究泮托拉唑和法莫替丁对高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者上消化道出血的预防作用。方法纳入120例高龄COPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各60例。观察组行泮托拉唑治疗方案,对照组行法莫替丁治疗方案。比较两组治疗效果、上消化道出血严重程度及对胃液p H值的影响。结果观察组腹痛、腹胀、反酸及上消化道出血发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),观察组上消化道出血严重程度与对照组比较显著较轻(P0.05)。观察组治疗第2天、治疗1周及治疗结束时pH值水平显著高于对照组和治疗前1天(P0.05)。结论泮托拉唑较法莫替丁用于防治高龄COPD患者并发上消化道出血效果更好,能显著降低出血率,减轻出血程度,这可能与其良好的pH值控制效果有关。     

泮托拉唑与雷尼替丁治疗重症脑出血并发应激性溃疡出血的临床观察

目的 探讨泮托拉唑与雷尼替丁治疗重症脑出血并发应激性溃疡出血的临床效果。方法 130例重症脑出血并发应激性溃疡出血患者随机分为两组：治疗组和对照组，治疗组70例，采用泮托拉唑治疗；对照组60例，采用雷尼替丁治疗。结果 治疗组与对照组总有效率分别是94．3％和70％。两组比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 泮托拉唑较雷尼替丁能更有效地治疗重症脑出血并发应激性溃疡出血。     

中西医结合治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的探讨分析奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效。方法研究对象为我院收治的急性上消化道出血患者153例,并随机分为观察组77例和对照组76例。对照组采用泮托拉唑治疗,观察组采用奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑治疗。比较两组的疗效。结果对照组总有效率为77.63%与观察组94.81%相比较低,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效显著,值得推广。     

奥美拉唑预防呼吸衰竭并发上消化道出血27例临床观察

目的观察奥美拉唑预防呼吸衰竭并发上消化道出血的作用。方法对27例肺心病急性发作期呼吸衰竭患者以奥美拉唑预防胃黏膜糜烂和(或)应激性溃疡上消化道出血,并与同期内收治的25例应用H2-受体拮抗剂西米替丁作对照,观察两组患者发生上消化道出血的情况。结果治疗组较对照组发生应激性溃疡或胃黏膜糜烂上消化道出血者少,差异有显著性意义(P<0·05)。结论对肺心病急性发作期给予奥美拉唑治疗,可有效预防上消化道出血的发生。     

泮托拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血治疗效果对比

目的对比评价泮托拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效.方法本研究收集湖北省潜江市中心医院消化内科住院部2016-03/2016-12期间确诊并纳入治疗的消化性溃疡出血患者80例作为研究对象,根据治疗方案分为奥美拉唑组(n=40)与泮托拉唑组(n=40).对比2组患者在临床疗效、出血情况以及呕血、黑便等临床指标方面的差异.结果对比临床总有效率,泮托拉唑组与奥美拉唑组均为95.00%(38/40),无显著差异(P0.05).对比出血情况,泮托拉唑组治疗第1天出血量为153.2 mL±15.6 mL,治疗第3天出血量为12.1 mL±2.5 mL,出血停止时间为1.3 d±0.4 d,均显著低于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).对比临床治疗,泮托拉唑组呕血次数平均为0.2次±0.1次,黑便次数平均为0.9次±0.2次,均显著低于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).对比胃内酸碱度,泮托拉唑组24 h胃内酸碱值平均为6.7 pH±0.2pH,显著高于奥美拉唑组,酸碱度达4.0时间平均为18.1 min±2.5 min,酸碱度达6.0时间平均为31.5 min±1.2 min,均显著短于奥美拉唑组,对比有显著差异(P0.05).结论泮托拉唑治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床疗效与奥美拉唑相当,但在控制出血、缩短出血时间以及缓解呕血黑便等症状上效果更为确切,有临床推广实践价值.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.