PI3K/AKT信号通路在RANKL诱导的SGC-7901胃癌细胞迁移中的作用

目的文献报道RANKL/RANK/OPG途径与肿瘤细胞迁移及骨转移密切相关,但RANKL/RANK途径是否参与胃癌细胞迁移,尚无文献报道。本文拟检测RANK在胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞中的表达,并进一步探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/Akt)信号通路在RANKL诱导的胃癌细胞迁移中的作用。方法 West-ern blot检测SGC-7901细胞表面RANK蛋白的表达;RANKL刺激后磷酸化Akt(P-Akt)及Akt的表达;Transwell法测定RANKL及抑制剂刺激后细胞迁移能力的改变。结果 SGC7901细胞表达RANK蛋白。RANKL(1μg/mL)诱导SGC-7901细胞迁移能力增强,迁移增加率为57.2%±5.9%,RANKL抑制剂rOPG(5μg/mL)显著抑制RANKL诱导的细胞迁移(13.88%±3.57%,P<0.05)。RANKL刺激后30 min～3 h,SGC-7901细胞p-Akt表达升高,应用PI3K的抑制剂LY294002(50 mmol/L)显著抑制RANKL诱导的胃癌细胞SGC-7901的迁移(57.28%±5.91%vs23.18%±2.79%,P<0.05)。结论胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞表达受体RANK,PI3K/Akt信号通路参与RANKL诱导的SGC-7901细胞迁移。     

PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002对胃癌细胞化疗增敏作用的探讨

目的 探讨PI3K/Akt特异性抑制剂LY294002与化疗药物5-Fu及奥沙利铂联合使用对3种胃癌细胞系(MGC803、BGC823和SGC7901)化疗效果的影响.方法 将PI3K/Akt特异性抑制剂LY294002联合化疗药物5-Fu及奥沙利铂作用于3种胃癌细胞系,MTT法检测单独使用5-Fu、奥沙利铂及联合LY294002对体外培养的3种胃癌细胞系的增殖抑制作用,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡.结果 联合LY294002作用后,5-Fu、奥沙利铂对3种胃癌细胞系的增殖抑制作用明显增强(P<0.05),且凋亡率显著提高(P<0.05).结论结果 LY294002能有效提高化疗药物5-Fu、奥沙利铂体外对胃癌细胞的增殖抑制作用,抑制PI3K/Akt信号转导通路可显著提高胃癌的化疗疗效.     

阿霉素诱导PI3'K/Akt/FKHRL1通路激活与胃癌细胞化疗耐药性的关系

目的 探讨阿霉素诱导胃癌细胞磷脂酰肌醇3’-激酶（PI3’K）／Akt／FKHRL1通路的激活对胃癌细胞SGC-7901化疗效果的影响及二者的关系。方法 阿霉素及PI3’K／Akt抑制剂Wortmannin分别作用于胃癌细胞SGC-7901，MTT比色法检测胃癌细胞的生存率，Western印迹法检测FKHRL1磷酸化表达水平。结果 阿霉素抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的生长，呈时间依赖性诱导FKHRL1磷酸化。Wortmannin可明显增强阿霉索的细胞生长抑制作用，同时下调阿霉素诱导的磷酸化FKHRL1表达。结论 阿霉素可能通过激活SGC-7901细胞的PI3’K／Akt通路诱导FKHRL1磷酸化，从而影响胃癌细胞的化疗耐药性。Wortmannin可以阻断PI3’K／Akt／FKHRL1通路而提高胃癌的化疗敏感性。     

阿霉素诱导磷脂酰肌醇3′-激酶丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶FKHRL1通路对胃癌细胞化疗耐药性的影响

目的探讨阿霉素在胃癌细胞中诱导PI3′K/Akt/FKHRL1通路的激活,对胃癌细胞SGC-7901化疗效果的影响及两者的关系。方法2004-01~2005-09武汉大学人民医院消化内科采用MTT比色法检测胃癌细胞的生存率,Western印迹法检测FKHRL1磷酸化表达水平,同时观察PI3′K/Akt抑制剂wortmannin对阿霉素诱导的上述变化的影响。结果阿霉素抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的生长,呈时间依赖性的诱导FKHRL1磷酸化。wortmannin可明显增强阿霉素的细胞生长抑制作用,同时下调阿霉素诱导的磷酸化FKHRL1表达。结论阿霉素可能是通过激活SGC-7901细胞的PI3′K/Akt通路,呈时间依赖性诱导FKHRL1磷酸化,从而影响胃癌细胞的化疗耐药性。wortmannin可以阻断PI3′K/Akt/FKHRL1通路而提高胃癌的化疗敏感性。     

非小细胞肺癌中PI3K/Akt信号通路通过Cdh1调控Skp2表达的机制研究

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中Cdc20同源蛋白1（Cdh1）参与磷脂酰肌醇三羟基激酶（PI3K）/Akt信号通路对S期激酶相关蛋白2（Skp2）表达调控的机制。方法体外培养NSCLC细胞系A549、LK2和H460,LY294002特异性阻断PI3K/Akt信号通路后,Western blot检测Skp2、Cdh1及p-Akt蛋白表达的变化,免疫荧光（IF）检测Cdh1在NSCLC中的定位变化。结果 LY294002处理后,与对照组相比3种细胞中Skp2蛋白表达和Akt磷酸化水平均降低（P〈0.01）,Cdh1在3种细胞的核内表达均增多。结论 NSCLC中PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制剂LY294002使Skp2蛋白表达下调与Cdh1由细胞质向细胞核转位有关。     

体外心脏震波治疗通过PI3K/Akt信号传导通路对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究体外心脏震波治疗(ESWT)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法:体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞分成3组,即对照组、ESWT组和ESWT+LY294002组。CCK8比色法检测细胞增殖情况,Annexin V/PI流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白质印迹方法(Westen blot)检测Bax、Bcl-2、p-Akt和Akt蛋白的表达水平。结果:ESWT能明显提高HUVECs的增殖能力(P0.001),抑制凋亡率(P0.001),减少HUVECs内Bax蛋白表达水平,增加Bcl-2和p-Akt蛋白表达水平(均P0.01),但这些作用可被PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002削弱。结论:磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/丝/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)及其下游信号通路介导了ESWT促进HUVECs增殖及抑制凋亡作用。     

阿霉素诱导磷脂酰肌醇3''''-激酶丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶FKHRL1通路对胃癌细胞化疗耐药性的影响

目的探讨阿霉素在胃癌细胞中诱导PI3'K/Akt/FKHRL1通路的激活,对胃癌细胞SGC-7901化疗效果的影响及两者的关系.方法 2004-01～2005-09武汉大学人民医院消化内科采用MTT比色法检测胃癌细胞的生存率,Western印迹法检测FKHRL1磷酸化表达水平,同时观察PI3'K/Akt抑制剂wortmannin对阿霉素诱导的上述变化的影响.结果阿霉素抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的生长,呈时间依赖性的诱导FKHRL1磷酸化.wortmannin可明显增强阿霉素的细胞生长抑制作用,同时下调阿霉素诱导的磷酸化FKHRL1表达.结论阿霉素可能是通过激活SGC-7901细胞的PI3′K/Akt通路,呈时间依赖性诱导FKHRL1磷酸化,从而影响胃癌细胞的化疗耐药性.wortmannin可以阻断PI3'K/Akt/FKHRL1通路而提高胃癌的化疗敏感性.     

阿霉素诱导磷脂酰肌醇3′-激酶 丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶FKHRL1通路对胃癌细胞化疗耐药性的影响

目的探讨阿霉素在胃癌细胞中诱导PI3′K／Akt／FKHRL1通路的激活，对胃癌细胞SGC-7901化疗效果的影响及两者的关系。方法2004-01-2005-09武汉大学人民医院消化内科采用MTT比色法检测胃癌细胞的生存率，Western印迹法检测FKHRL1磷酸化表达水平，同时观察PI3′K／Akt抑制剂wortmannin对阿霉素诱导的上述变化的影响。结果阿霉素抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的生长，呈时间依赖性的诱导FKHRL1磷酸化。wortmannin可明显增强阿霉素的细胞生长抑制作用，同时下调阿霉素诱导的磷酸化FKHRL1表达。结论阿霉素可能是通过激活SGC-7901细胞的PI3′K／Akt通路，呈时间依赖性诱导FKHRL1磷酸化。从而影响胃癌细胞的化疗耐药性。wortmannin可以阻断PI3′K／Akt／FKHRL1通路而提高胃癌的化疗敏感性。     

过表达miR-150通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的探讨过表达miR-150通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase/seronine kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡的机制。方法将体外培养HT-29细胞分为空白对照组(转染空脂质体) NC组(转染mimic)和miR-150(转染miR-150 mimic);采用RT-PCR检测转染后细胞中miR-150 mRNA水平; CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡; WB法检测Cleaved caspase3、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达。将对数生长期HT-29分为阴性对照组、miR-150组、LY294002组和LY294002+miR-150组,采用PI3K抑制剂验证LY294002在HT-29细胞凋亡中的作用。结果与空白对照组和NC组相比,miR-150组细胞中miR-150 mRNA水平明显升高(P 0. 05),24 h、48 h、72 h和96h的细胞抑制率明显升高(P 0. 05),细胞凋亡率明显升高(P 0. 05),Bcl-2/Bax、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/Akt蛋白的表达明显降低(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达明显升高(P 0. 05);与阴性对照组相比,miR-150组和LY294002组p-Akt/Akt和Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达均明显降低(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达明显升高(P 0. 05);与miR-150组相比,LY294002+miR-150组p-Akt/Akt和Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达均明显升高(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达明显降低(P 0. 05)。结论 miR-150过表达可能通过负调控PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制人结直肠癌细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡。     

肝X受体激动剂T0901317对血糖波动下人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖能力的影响

目的研究肝X受体(LXRs)激动剂T0901317对血糖波动条件下人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖能力的影响及其作用机制。方法用不同浓度的葡萄糖和T0901317处理HUVEC,采用CCK8法检测HUVEC增殖情况;Western印迹法检测Akt蛋白、p-Akt(Ser473)蛋白表达。结果血糖波动抑制HUVEC的增殖及p-Akt(Ser473)蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。T0901317促进血糖波动损伤后HUVEC的增殖(P<0.05),上调p-Akt(Ser473)蛋白表达(P<0.05),且具有浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。此外,PI3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002(10μmol/L)可以阻断T0901317上调p-Akt(Ser473)蛋白表达的作用(P<0.05)。结论血糖波动通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路减弱HUVEC增殖能力,LXRs激动剂T0901317可通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路增强血糖波动抑制下HUVEC的增殖能力。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.