腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔的疗效对比

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术与传统开腹术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔的临床疗效.方法 收集该院72例老年胃十二指肠穿孔患者的手术资料,将其随机分为两组,腹腔镜组36例,行腹腔镜胃十二指肠穿孔修补术;开腹组36例,行传统开腹胃十二指肠穿孔修补术.观察两组老年患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症并进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组手术时间和出血量明显少于开腹组(P＜0.05),术后排气时间、胃肠功能恢复时间以及住院时间亦比开腹组短(P＜0.05),术后老年患者并发症发生率明显低于开腹组(P＜0.05);腹腔镜组的总有效率(94.4％)高于开腹组的总有效率(77.8％)(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术治疗老年胃十二指肠穿孔具有微创、恢复快、术后并发症少、住院时间短等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

胃十二指肠穿孔合并高血压病患者行腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜手术及开腹手术治疗胃十二指肠穿孔合并高血压病患者的临床效果。方法选择我院2012年1月~2015年6月收治的胃十二指肠穿孔合并高血压病患者62例作为研究对象,按照手术方式的不同分为观察组和对照组,各31例。对照组给予降压及开腹穿孔修补术治疗,观察组给予降压及腹腔镜下胃十二指肠穿孔修补术治疗,同时两组患者均配合抗感染、镇痛、补充营养等对症治疗,比较两种手术方式方法的效果及血压波动情况。结果观察组在手术时间、出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间及平均住院时间等指标均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且观察组患者术中血压的波动情况较小,明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论与传统的开腹穿孔修补术相比,腹腔镜下胃十二指肠穿孔修补术治疗合并高血压病胃十二指肠患者的效果更为理想,且血压波动情况较小,手术风险低,故值得推广应用。     

23例老年人上消化道穿孔的诊治体会

１９９５年８月～１９９９年９月,我们收治６０岁以上老年上消化道穿孔患者２３例,取得满意效果。报告如下。 临床资料：２３例中,男１７例,女６例;年龄６１～７８岁、其中胃溃疡穿孔１１例,十二指肠溃疡穿孔８例,胃癌穿孔４例,穿孔至入院时间３～３６小时,平均６．５小时。全组均行手术治疗,其中在胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡穿孔１９例中,一期胃大部切除９例,单纯穿孔修补术１０例。胃癌穿孔４例中,１例行一期胃癌根治 术,１例姑息性切除,另２例行单纯修补。 结果：本组病例中,死亡２例,死亡率为８．７％。 其中１例为溃疡病行…     

肝硬化并发上消化道溃疡穿孔患者手术治疗方式及疗效

目的探讨肝硬化并发上消化道溃疡穿孔患者的手术治疗方式及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2019年6月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院进行手术治疗的46例肝硬化并发上消化道溃疡穿孔患者的临床资料。其中40例行穿孔修补术,6例行远端胃大部切除术。依据手术方式不同,将穿孔修补术患者分为开腹组(18例)和腹腔镜组(22例),比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症。电话或门诊随访行穿孔修补术患者术后1～12个月胃镜结果。结果开腹组与腹腔镜组患者手术时间[(131.3±21.7)min vs(85.7±22.8)min]、术中出血量[(150.0±40.8)ml vs(40.0±11.5)ml]、术后排气时间[(4.5±1.3)d vs(2.8±1.0)d]、术后住院时间[(28.1±20.7)d vs(8.1±1.8)d]及术后并发症[61.1%(11/18)vs 22.7%(5/22)]差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。行远端胃大部切除术的6例患者均无严重并发症。随访40例穿孔修补术后患者,29例在术后1～12个月进行了胃镜检查,其中3例溃疡未愈合,继续内科治疗后痊愈;3例十二指肠球部瘢痕伴狭窄,患者无症状;1例胃窦溃疡患者术后1年复查溃疡癌变。结论腹腔镜穿孔修补术更适用于肝硬化并发上消化道溃疡穿孔患者,具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少及恢复快等优点。远端胃大部切除术可综合患者情况谨慎开展。     

原发性十二指肠非乳头区肿瘤的诊断及手术治疗(附54例报告)

目的 总结原发性十二指肠非乳头区肿瘤的诊断和手术治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2001～2011年收治的54例原发性十二指肠非乳头区肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 肿瘤位于乳头上区26例,乳头下区28例;恶性39例,良性15例.临床表现主要为上腹痛、恶心呕吐、黑便、腹胀.术前经胃十二指肠镜检查52例,阳性43例(82.7％);全部行腹部CT检查,确诊率74.1％;上消化道造影24例,阳性16例(66.7％);小肠镜检查12例,确诊率100％;超声内镜检查13例,阳性8例(61.5％).良性肿瘤患者均行手术切除,术后5年生存率100％.恶性肿瘤患者中,行根治性切除术28例(胰十二指肠切除术17例,十二指肠节段切除8例,远端胃切除3例),手术切除率66.7％,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为77.1％、48.6％、28.2％.其余患者7例行短路手术,4例非手术治疗,均于1年内死亡.结论 十二指肠非乳头区肿瘤临床表现无特异性,早期诊断困难.胃十二指肠镜、腹部CT及消化道造影是十二指肠肿瘤的主要检查方法,小肠镜对十二指肠乳头下区肿瘤诊断有指导性意义.胰十二指肠切除术及十二指肠节段切除术是十二指肠非乳头区恶性肿瘤的主要手术方式.     

腹腔镜与开腹胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的对比研究

选择胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补患者68例,对其中32例采用腹腔镜治疗(腹腔镜组),36例行开腹穿孔修补术(开腹组),术后正规抗溃疡治疗.发现与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组手术时间明显缩短,术中出血量减少,术后肠蠕动恢复时间及下床活动时间较早,术后镇痛例数减少.认为腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术具有创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,术后抗溃疡治疗效果满意,值得临床推广.     

胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者腹腔镜下修补术后联合三联疗法治疗的临床疗效

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)相关性胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者应用腹腔镜下修补术后联合三联疗法治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月至2015年1月于广州中医药大学第一附属医院二外科行腹腔镜下修补术治疗的120例H.pylori相关性胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者为研究对象,根据术后治疗方法的不同分为对照组与观察组,每组60例。两组术后均给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上增加三联疗法(奥美拉唑+克拉霉素+甲硝唑),观察手术治疗效果,比较两组H.pylori根除率、临床症状评分与复发率。结果两组手术均成功,两组手术时间均在50~100 min,术后无幽门梗阻、无肠瘘、出血等并发症发生。观察组H.pylori根除率为96.67%,明显高于对照组的78.33%(P0.05);观察组治疗后6周临床症状评分低于对照组;随访期间观察组复发率为1.67%,低于对照组的11.67%(P0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜下修补术治疗H.pylori(+)胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者,安全可靠;术后给予患者药物三联疗法治疗可有效根除H.pylori,促进患者胃肠功能的恢复,降低复发率。     

传统开腹与腹腔镜穿孔修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔临床疗效对比分析

目的:分析对比传统开腹与腹腔镜穿孔修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔临床疗效。方法:选取84例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者分为观察组和对照组,分别给予传统开腹修补和腹腔镜穿孔修补,比较两组患者手术情况,术后恢复情况、住院时间/费用及并发症发生率。结果:两组患者住院费用和溃疡愈合率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者手术切口、手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间及并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜穿孔修补术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔创伤小、出血量少、缩短患者术后恢复时间,降低并发症的发病率,溃疡与愈合率与开腹手术无异,值得进一步推广应用。     

腹腔镜治疗急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的疗效。方法选取我院2013年1月~2015年1月收治的急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者50例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组方法进行传统手术方式治疗,观察组给予腹腔镜治疗,对比两组患者术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间。结果观察组患者的术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜治疗急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔疗效显著。     

消化性溃疡穿孔67例外科处理分析

目的 探讨在不同的条件下，选择合理的治疗消化性溃疡穿孔的手术方式。方法 回顾1995-01／2001-12我院67例经手术治疗的消化性溃疡穿孔病人的临床资料。其中胃大部切除术45例，穿孔修补术22例。结果 45例行胃大部切除术患者全部治愈，22例行修补术者除1例病情严重死亡外，余病人均恢复良好。结论 消化性溃疡穿孔外科治疗的二种术式各有优点和不足，应遵照循证医学，注重个体化方案。胃大部切除术是消化性溃疡穿孔外科治疗的主要术式。可提高患者的远期疗效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.