伊曲康唑口服液预防血液病粒细胞缺乏时真菌感染

目的：观察粒细胞缺乏时应用伊曲康唑口服液预防真菌感染的疗效。方法：回顾性分析本中心患粒细胞缺乏病人104例,分两组：①预防组,②未预防组,给予伊曲康唑口服液预防侵袭性真菌感染为预防组,未预防组50例,对比分析两组发生真菌感染的情况。结果：当粒细胞缺乏时,伊曲康唑口服液预防组54例有38例出现感染,感染率70．37％,其中确诊侵袭性真菌感染1例,临床诊断3例,拟诊4例;未预防组50例中46例出现感染,感染率92％,其中确诊侵袭性真菌感染3例,临床诊断7例,拟诊7例。预防组总真菌感染率14．8％,未预防组总真菌感染率34．0％,两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：恶性血液病患者粒细胞缺乏期应用伊曲康唑口服液,可以有效预防侵袭性真菌感染,降低侵袭性真菌感染的发病率,具有临床应用价值。     

氟康唑与伊曲康唑预防造血干细胞移植真菌感染的效果

目的比较异基因造血干细胞移植患者应用氟康唑和伊曲康唑预防侵袭性真菌感染的疗效。方法回顾分析115例异基因造血干细胞移植患者,其中应用氟康唑60例,伊曲康唑55例,比较两组患者侵袭性真菌感染的发生转归情况。结果氟康唑组和伊曲康唑组侵袭性真菌感染的发生率分别为8.3%和5.5%,二者差异无统计学意义（P=0.719）,发生部位都以肺部为主,中位发生时间无明显差异;伊曲康唑副反应较大（P=0.038）。结论氟康唑与伊曲康唑预防异基因造血干细胞移植早期侵袭性真菌感染效果相近,氟康唑成本低、副作用少,更适合应用于异基因造血干细胞移植早期真菌感染的预防。     

造血干细胞移植中氟康唑与伊曲康唑短疗程预防真菌感染的观察

目的 比较异基因造血干细胞移植患者应用氟康唑和伊曲康唑预防侵袭性真菌感染的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾分析192例异基因造血干细胞移植患者予短疗程(30 d)氟康唑或伊曲康唑行真菌一级预防,其中应用氟康唑134例,伊曲康唑58例,比较两组患者侵袭性真菌感染的发生和转归情况.结果 氟康唑组和伊曲康唑组移植30、60、90、180 d侵袭性真菌感染的发生率分别为9.0%和5.2%、16.5%和6.9%、17.2%和8.7%、22.0%和16.4%,差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.370、0.081、0.128、0.309),但移植后60d时P值明显较小.真菌感染发生部位均以肺部为主.患者均能很好耐受两药,但伊曲康唑副反应较大(19.0%vs 2.2%,P=0.000).结论 短疗程伊曲康唑与氟康唑预防异基因造血干细胞移植后侵袭性真菌感染在移植60d时伊曲康唑较氟康唑显示了一定的优势.     

伊曲康唑在异基因造血干细胞移植真菌感染预防中的应用

目的探讨伊曲康唑在异基因造血干细胞移植患者侵袭性真菌感染预防中的疗效。方法 110例异基因造血干细胞移植患者,预防性应用伊曲康唑或氟康唑,观察两组患者发生侵袭性真菌感染的情况。结果随访至造血干细胞移植后180d,伊曲康唑组和氟康唑组侵袭性真菌感染的发生率分别为7.2%(5/69)和19.5%(8/41),二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组真菌感染相关病死率(2.9%vs.7.3%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);伊曲康唑的不良反应发生率较氟康唑高(26.9%vs.7.0%),但患者均能耐受。结论伊曲康唑预防用药可以显著降低异基因造血干细胞移植患者侵袭性真菌感染的发生率,是一种安全、有效的方法。     

伊曲康唑与氟康唑预防成人急性白血病侵袭性真菌感染的疗效比较

目的 探索对成人急性白血病患者临床预防侵袭性真菌感染的有效方法.方法 采用非随机同期对照实验的方法,将符合实验标准的84例急性白血病患者分为实验组和对照组,每组42例.实验组给予伊曲康唑200 mg·次-1,口服,1次·d-1,共15 d;对照组给予氟康唑150 mg·次-1,口服,1次·d-1,共15 d.结果 两组用药前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素和血肌酐比较,均P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.两组间真菌感染(确诊+临床诊断+拟诊)率分别为19.0%和40.5%;真菌感染(确诊+临床诊断)率分别为14.3%和33.3%,经χ2检验均P＜0.05,可认为两组间真菌感染率具有显著性差异.两组间心电图异常发生率分别为9.5%和4.8%,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 伊曲康唑预防急性白血病患者真菌感染的发生较氟康唑更具有优越性,且安全可靠.     

三唑类抗真菌药进行真菌预防治疗的临床观察

目的 探讨伏立康唑、伊曲康唑和氟康唑分别预防血液病患者中性粒细胞缺乏(粒缺)期侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)的疗效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2010~2016年笔者医院收治的380例血液病患者在粒缺期用伏立康唑、伊曲康唑和氟康唑预防侵袭性真菌感染,观察IFI的发生率和药物不良反应情况。结果 伏立康唑组(n=114)的IFI发生率为7.0%,明显低于非伏立康唑组(n=266)的真菌感染率15.4%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.038)。伏立康唑组和非伏立康唑组的总不良事件(AE)发生率分别为13.2%和23.3%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。而且Kaplan-Meier分析显示,伏立康唑组IFIs的累积发生率低于非伏立康唑组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.045)。结论 伏立康唑用于恶性血液病粒缺期患者侵袭性真菌感染的预防,有较好的疗效及安全性。     

侵袭性真菌感染237例治疗分析

目的 观察侵袭性真菌感染应用氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B治疗的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择南方医科大学附属南方医院2002年2月至2007年2月收治的侵袭性真菌感染患者237例,单用常规剂量氟康唑107例、伊曲康唑84例、两性霉素B 46例;氟康唑治疗无效者改用伊曲康唑39例和两性霉素B26例,伊曲康唑治疗无效改用两性霉素B和脂质体两性霉素B 39例.结果 237例侵袭性真菌感染总的治愈率和有效率分别为54.85%和72.57%.单用氟康唑治疗组的有效率显著低于伊曲康唑和两性霉素B治疗组,分别为39.25%、53.57%和56.52%(P<0.05);用氟康唑治疗无效改用伊曲康唑或两性霉素B治疗的有效率分别为76.93%和84.61%.结论 伊曲康唑和两性霉素B抗真菌谱广且疗效相似,优于氟康唑;氟康唑和伊曲康唑安全性良好.而两性霉素B的不良反应发生率高.     

伊曲康唑口服液预防血液肿瘤患者深部真菌感染的疗效观察

目的 观察应用伊曲康唑口服液预防血液肿瘤患者深部真菌感染的效果.方法 将我院2008年5月至2010年10月收治的79例血液肿瘤患者随机分为真菌感染预防用药组和对照组,其中预防用药组患者预防性地服用伊曲康唑口服液,而对照组患者仅给予常规治疗.观察两组患者深部真菌感染的发生率.结果 41例服用伊曲康唑口服液患者中,1例患...     

伊曲康唑注射液治疗ICU侵袭性真菌感染的临床效果观察

目的:探讨伊曲康唑注射液治疗ICU侵袭性真菌感染的临床疗效。方法:将40例ICU侵袭性真菌感染患者随机的分为对照组和试验组两组,对照组患者给予氟康唑治疗,试验组患者给予伊曲康唑注射液治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果:试验组患者所获得的总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:伊曲康唑注射液治疗ICU侵袭性真菌感染可以获得比较好的疗效,值得在临床上推广应用。     

恶性血液病并发侵袭性真菌感染37例临床分析

目的分析恶性血液病合并侵袭性真菌感染应用氟康唑、伊曲康唑的疗效。方法回顾性分析37例侵袭性真菌感染患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果单用氟康唑有效率38．5％，单用伊曲康唑有效率70．8％，应用氟康唑无效改为伊曲康唑有效率66．7％，总有效率59．5％。不良反应包括肝功能损害、呕吐、腹泻。结论针对恶性血液病并发侵袭性真菌感染伊曲康唑是一种安全有效的抗真菌药物。     

Management of mycoses in surgical patients -- review of the literature

Fungal infections have been recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic and non-neutropenic surgical intensive care patients. The incidence of Candida has increased: it is now the fourth most often isolated pathogen in bloodstream infections. The incidence of Aspergillus infection in transplant patients is highest in heart and lung transplants: 19-26%. Most invasive fungal infections in surgical patients are caused by Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., less by Cryptococcus spp. and may be classified as local or organ-related, as (chronic) disseminated, and as fungemia. There is no highly specific and sensitive routine test for the diagnosis of Candida and Aspergillus infections available; clinical signs of fungal infections are rather unspecific. The significance of colonization remains undetermined. In non-neutropenic surgical patients central venous access and broad-spectrum antibiotics are independent risk factors for the development of fungal infection. Immunsuppression, e.g., transplantation, burn injury, can render patients susceptible to fungal infection. This has lead to the introduction of antifungal prophylaxis in transplant and burned patients which has reduced the mortality for Candida spp. infection significantly. There is no prophylaxis available against Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. Treatment of fungal infections consists of surgical and medical treatment for most organ-related infections. Recommendations for the management of fungal infections exist mostly for neutropenic patients, only few reports address the fungal infection of the surgical intensive care patient. Amphotericin B has been recommended as first line treatment for most severe fungal infections with fluconazole as follow-up treatment. In case of the development of toxic side effects of amphotericin B, mostly fluconazole or lipid formulations of amphotericin were favored. However, a shift in Candida strains towards non-albicans spp. and more resistant species was observed during recent years. This has lead to treatment failures in severe Candida and Aspergillus infections. The prognosis for invasive Aspergillus infections remains poor despite amphotericin B treatment. Newer azoles, e.g. voriconazole, demonstrated stable activity against most of these strains and may offer an option in the treatment of refractory fungal infections.     

氟康唑预防急性白血病化疗后真菌感染的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨氟康唑预防急性白血病患者化疗后继发真菌感染的疗效。方法：将60例急性白血病患者于化疗后分为氟康唑组（治疗组）及对照组。治疗组在常规治疗基础上加氟康唑200～400mg／日口服,对照组予常规治疗。两组患者分别于停用化疗后即刻、1周及2周对其粪便及痰液涂片查真菌或真菌培养,结果：应用氟康唑可减少因使用化疗药物引起的粪、痰中真菌阳性率升高;治疗组真菌感染率23．3％,对照组66．7％,两组比较有明显差异（P〈0．01）。结论：氟康唑口服预防急性白血病化疗后继发真菌感染疗效确切、安全可靠。     

氟康唑预防早产儿深静脉置管时真菌感染临床分析

目的:探讨口服小剂量氟康唑预防早产儿经外周穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)时侵袭性真菌感染的疗效性和安全性。方法:对照分析放置PICC的早产儿。其中口服氟康唑预防真菌感染为预防组,未口服氟康唑为对照组。比较分析真菌感染的发生率及药物的安全性。结果:对照组与预防组患儿的基本临床特点及侵袭性真菌感染的危险因素类似。72例预防组患儿中无导管相关性真菌血症发生,侵袭性真菌感染发生率1.39%,而54例中导管相关性真菌血症的发生率为7.41%,侵袭性真菌感染发生率14.81%,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在预防用药后2周、4周比较两组肝功能指标,无差异。结论:小剂量氟康唑可有效预防早产儿PICC置管相关真菌感染,临床安全性较好。     

儿童异基因造血干细胞移植后早期真菌感染的临床观察

目的探讨儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)后使用伊曲康唑注射液预防早期真菌感染的疗效,并评价血浆真菌(1-3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(G试验)的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性调查分析2008年3月~2011年2月南方医院儿科145例异基因造血干细胞移植术后早期真菌感染的发生情况。结果伊曲康唑注射液预防组及口服抗真菌药预防组的早期真菌感染率分别为5.50%和22.22%,两组早期死亡率分别为1.83%和11.11%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);伊曲康唑注射液副作用少。112例患儿进行了G试验,73例患儿结果阳性,其中3例为真菌感染病例;39例患儿结果阴性,其中1例为真菌感染病例;G试验对诊断真菌感染无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伊曲康唑注射液能有效、安全地预防儿童allo-HSCT术后早期真菌感染。G试验在儿童allo-HSCT术后早期合并真菌感染诊断方面的应用价值有待进一步探讨。     

Efficacy and safety of intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole solution in the treatment of invasive pulmonary mycosis

Background  Invasive pulmonary mycosis is the most common type of invasive fungal infection. It is often severe and difficult to treat, and is accompanied by high mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole solution in the treatment of invasive pulmonary mycosis and to determine the distribution of different fungi species.

Methods  This was a multi-center, open-label study which enrolled 71 patients who were diagnosed as invasive pulmonary mycosis between July 2007 and January 2009. All patients received intravenous itraconazole therapy followed by oral itraconazole solution with a total treatment duration of 6 weeks. Intravenous itraconazole was given at a dose of 200 mg bid (intravenous infusion every 12 hours) for the first two days, 200 mg qd for the subsequent 12 days. Sequential oral itraconazole solution was given at a dose of 200 mg bid for 4 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed according to clinical as well as microbiological criteria.

Results  Seventy one patients participated in this study. Of the 60 patients in the full analysis dataset, the clinical response rate was 61.7% and the mycological eradication rate was 66.7%. The overall response rate was 66.7%. Drug-related adverse events occurred in 18.0% of patients: hypokalemia, liver function impairment and mild gastrointestinal side effects were the most common. One patient suffered from severe adverse event, with limb and facial swelling.

Conclusion This study showed that in patients with invasive pulmonary mycosis, intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole solution therapy was safe and effective.

     

Prophylactic use of fluconazole in neutropenic cancer patients.

This study was carried out on 70 patients with haematological or solid malignancies who were receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Forty-one patients were randomly assigned to receive fluconazole, 400 mg/day, while they were neutropenic. Systemic fungal infection developed in four of the 41 patients (9%) receiving prophylaxis in comparison to nine of 29 patients (31%) not receiving prophylaxis. The incidence of systemic fungal infection was significantly different between the groups receiving prophylaxis and those not receiving it (p < 0.05). Fluconazole was found to be effective for preventing systemic fungal infections in neutropenic patients with cancer.