尿毒症转移性软组织钙化累及腮腺1例

尿毒症患者因血液透析不规律引起的软组织钙化较为罕见,术中对组织的分离及术后的护理十分重要。本文报告1例尿毒症患者因透析不规律引起的腮腺软组织钙化1例,为临床治疗提供参考。     

局部注射地塞米松和口服美菲康对下颌复杂阻生牙拔除术后并发症的预防

目的探讨有效预防下颌复杂阻生牙拔除术后并发症的方法。方法将在湖南省永顺县中医院口腔科拔除下颌复杂阻生牙的200例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组100例。实验组患者在拔牙前半小时口服美菲康1片,同时在所拔牙的周围软组织局部注射地塞米松,拔牙后3d每晚口服美菲康1片。对照组患者按常规拔牙,不作特殊处理。两组患者均在拔牙术后24、48、72h按肿胀、疼痛及张口受限的程度来判断疗效。结果术后24、48、72h实验组患者的并发症明显少于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拔牙前在患者所拔牙的周围软组织局部注射地塞米松和口服美菲康能有效减轻阻生牙拔除术后的并发症。     

微创拔除埋伏阻生牙的临床经验总结

目的 探讨微创拔除埋伏阻生牙的方法及其临床应用价值.方法 98 例埋伏阻生牙,排除拔牙禁忌证,术前拍摄X 线片或牙科CT,评估患牙位置及其与毗邻重要解剖结构的位置关系,采用改良翻瓣术,利用微创拔牙器械与方法拔除患牙.术后常规医嘱,1 周后拆线.记录术中、术后患者主观感受;记录术中、术后并发症发生率,评估微创拔牙方法的效果.结果 微创拔牙手术时间为5 ～ 30 min,平均为16 min.患者术中感觉舒适,与采用传统拔牙相比,患者的恐惧感有所降低.微创拔牙术后不良反应如术区肿胀、疼痛等患者自觉不适为12.2%.98 例均未出现严重并发症.结论 微创拔牙相比传统拔牙术,提高了患者在手术中的舒适度,减少了各种术中、术后并发症的发生率,可在临床上普及采用.     

下颌第三磨牙拔出方法与颞下颌关节紊乱病的相关性研究

目的:分析不同拔牙方式对下颌第三磨牙拔出后患者出现TMD的症状,探讨两种拔牙方式拔出下颌第三磨牙后与TMD的相关性。方法:随机选择符合纳入标准的需要拔出下颌第三磨牙的患者160例,采用微创拔牙法与传统拔牙法拔出异位萌出的下颌第三磨牙,在拔牙术前、术后1周、4周、6月分别进行TMD的双轴诊断,确定TMD的不同程度。结果:通过对160例拔牙患者6个月的回访发现,微创拔牙方式拔除下颌第三磨牙后弹响消失、减轻的患者占15%,选择传统拔牙方式拔除下颌第三磨牙后弹响消失、减轻的患者占7.5%;双轴诊断评价结果显示运用微创技术拔出下颌第三磨牙后出现颞下颌关节结构紊乱疾病、咀嚼肌紊乱疾病的患者数量较传统拔牙法有下降的趋势,差异具有统计学意义。结论:微创拔牙技术能够显著降低下颌第三磨牙拔出术中、术后颞下颌关节紊乱并发症出现的几率。     

微创拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙方法分析

目的: 应用牵引拔牙、截冠和超声骨刀微创拔牙技术拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙,观察术后产生下唇麻木等并发症的发生情况。方法: 选择60例全景片和锥形束CT（CBCT）显示下颌第三磨牙牙根压迫下牙槽神经的患者,分别采用3种方法拔牙各20例,术后检查下唇麻木情况。结果: 应用牵引拔牙技术和截冠方法拔除压迫下牙槽神经的第三磨牙,术后无人发生下唇麻木,而应用超声骨刀微创拔牙的患者中有1例出现轻微的下唇麻木症状,经用药1个月后好转。结论: 牵引拔牙技术、截冠和超声骨刀3种方法均可有效避免智牙拔除后下唇麻木的并发症。     

上颌埋伏阻生第三磨牙78例微创拔除的临床总结

目的评价微创拔除较为困难上颌埋伏阻生第三磨牙的临床效果。 方法2012年1月至2017年3月期间就诊广州市海珠区口腔医院口腔颌面外科诊断为上颌埋伏阻生第三磨牙共计78例,排除拔牙禁忌证,锥形束CT（CBCT）检查评估患牙位置与毗邻重要解剖结构的位置关系,利用微创拔牙器械与方法拔除患牙。术后1周评估微创拔牙方法的效果以及其并发症发生率等。 结果78例微创拔牙手术时间为3~ 45 min,平均13 min。手术期间患者感觉无明显不适,微创拔牙术后不良反应较低,78例均未出现严重并发症的情况。 结论微创拔牙在拔除较为困难的上颌埋伏阻生第三磨牙中具有一定优势,值得临床推广使用。     

312例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的冠心病患者的心电监护拔牙的临床回顾研究

目的:观察分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者局部麻醉和拔牙过程中的血压、心率、心电图的变化以及并发症的处理,为此类患者安全施行拔牙手术提供参考。方法:全程心电监护312例PCI术后的冠心病患者的拔牙,术前、术中根据心率、血压、心电图等情况给予相关的治疗,记录麻醉术前、中、后和拔牙术前、中、后的血压、心率的变化,进行对比分析。结果:303例患者完成手术,其中62例术中出现需要处置的心肌缺血、血压升高及心率失常等改变。9例因并发症停止拔牙治疗。麻醉前、中、后及拔牙前、中、后收缩压、舒张压和心率的变化有显著性差异,P<0.05;拔牙后10分钟的收缩压、舒张压和心率较麻醉前显著下降,P<0.01。结论:在术前积极准备及沟通、术中严密心电监护下,大多数经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的冠心病患者可以安全地完成牙齿拔除术。     

富血小板血浆在抗凝治疗患者拔牙术中的应用

目的:评价富血小板血浆局部应用对抗凝治疗患者拔牙术后出血及拔牙创愈合的影响。方法:选择抗凝治疗需拔牙患者48例随机分为实验组和对照组,另外随机选择从未经抗凝治疗拔牙患者20例作正常对照。拔牙前均行凝血酶原时间和国际标准化率检测。拔牙术后实验组拔牙创置自体富血小板血浆,对照组和正常对照组拔牙创行明胶海绵填塞、可吸收线缝合或填塞加缝合处理,比较三组术后出血情况及拔牙创愈合情况。结果:实验组术后轻度出血1例,对照组术后中度出血1例,轻度出血3例,正常对照组术后轻度出血1例,三组均未出现严重出血病例;10 d后拔牙创软组织愈合实验组优于对照组和正常对照组。结论:富血小板血浆局部应用能有效预防抗凝治疗患者拔牙术后出血,促进拔牙创软组织早期愈合。     

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出血是尿毒症常见的并发症之一,尤其是接受血液透析的尿毒症患者。由于尿毒症患者体内肌酐、尿素氮指标均较正常值高出很多,刺激相关部位引起出血;尿毒症时常合并血小板功能不全引起凝血机制障碍,血小板功能不     

老年糖尿病患者拔牙的围手术期治疗体会

目的：总结老年糖尿病患者施行拔牙术围手术期处理经验。方法：对700例并存糖尿病的老年患者控制血糖后施行拔牙手术,并对该类患者的围手术期治疗进行分析和总结。结果：700例患者均安全度过围手术期,手术时间（注射局麻至离开椅位）10-40分钟,平均15分钟,无心脑血管意外事件发生,未出现糖尿病严重并发症。结论：糖尿病患者施行拔牙手术,要高度重视围手术期治疗,减少心、脑血管等意外事件和糖尿病严重并发症的发生,促进拔牙伤口愈合,提高患者生活质量。     

口服抗凝药物老年患者拔牙术中的临床治疗体会

目的:总结在服用抗凝药物的老年患者拔牙术中的治疗经验。方法:选择2018年1月~2019年6月口腔科就诊的46例(服用阿司匹林患者28例,波立维11例,法华林7例)长期口服抗凝药物且需要拔牙老年患者,拔牙前行凝血酶原时间和国际标准化率检测,分别在术后30分钟、1和24小时对治疗结果进行观察和分析。结果:拔牙术后30分钟出血15例,术后1小时内出血4例,术后24小时复诊出血1例。结论:INR在1.5~2.5范围,拔牙创局部止血处理,且压迫观察1小时,有效地预防抗凝治疗的老年患者在不停用抗凝药的情况下拔牙术后出血的情况。     

邻牙向拔牙区移动最佳时机选择的实验研究

目的　研究拔牙创愈合的生理过程和牙齿向拔牙区移动的生物学反应,探讨邻牙向拔牙区移动的最佳时机。方法　30只同源雄性SD大鼠分为5组,拔除上颌第一磨牙,在拔牙后不同的时间制作口内矫治器,牵第二磨牙向拔牙区移动。所有的大鼠分别在矫治器加力前两天和处死前两天给予四环素和钙黄绿素腹腔注射;制备硬组织切片,采用骨硬组织形态测量和计算机图像处理技术,对向处于不同愈合阶段的拔牙区移动牙齿时的骨改建参数进行定量分析。结果　①骨改建同时包括吸收和形成两个过程;②近中牙槽骨面(压力侧)骨吸收较远中 (张力侧)活跃,而远中牙槽骨面(张力侧)骨形成则较近中(压力侧)活跃;③骨形成参数、骨吸收参数均在拔牙后1 周存在一个峰值。结论　①拔牙后宜早期移动牙齿,以便充分利用拔牙创的骨改建优势;②其理想的移动时机为拔牙后1周左右。     

拔牙区骨改建对牙齿移动影响的组织学及组织形态测量学研究

目的 :探讨不同愈合阶段的拔牙区内骨密度及骨质结构对牙齿移动的影响 ,以及邻牙向不同愈合阶段的拔牙区内移动时的组织学变化 ,确定邻牙向拔牙区移动的最佳时机。方法 :选择同源 13周龄雄性、SPF级SD大鼠 3 0只 ,分成 3个实验组。3组动物均拔除上颌第一磨牙 ,分别在拔牙后 1、7、2 1d戴用统一规格的矫治器牵第二磨牙向拔牙区移动。所有大鼠在实验结束处死后 ,将上颌骨解剖制备硬组织切片和组织学切片。通过大体标本及组织学观察、组织形态测量等手段 ,研究拔牙区骨改建对牙齿移动的影响。结果 :随着拔牙后间隔时间延长 ,拔牙区骨密度逐渐增加 ,骨结构日趋致密、牙移动逐渐减少 ;拔牙后立即移动牙齿 ,更容易引起根尖牙周组织损害及牙根吸收。结论 :拔牙后应早期移动牙齿 ,其理想的移动时机为拔牙后 1周左右。     

拔牙区骨改建对邻牙移动速度的影响

目的　本研究通过对拔牙创的骨改建进程及矫治力对牙齿移动的影响进行研究,为临床医生选择理想的矫治力和牙齿移动时机,缩短矫治时间提供依据。方法　取SD大鼠36只,随机分为3组,全麻下拔除一侧上颌第一磨牙,3月后拔除另一侧上颌第一磨牙。在拔牙后不同的时间制作口内矫治器,分别以0·30、0·60、1·36 N的力牵上颌第二磨牙向拔牙区移动,分别在施力前及施力后的第1、3、5、7、10、14天拍摄X线片,利用图像处理技术, 测量牙齿移动距离,以置入的拔髓针校正放大率。结果　①牙齿向新鲜拔牙区移动的速度明显大于向已愈合拔牙区移动的速度。②无论向新鲜拔牙区移动还是向已经愈合的拔牙区移动,0·30 N力组牙齿移动的距离在各时间点与0·60 N、1·36 N力组牙齿移动的距离之间存在显著的统计学差异;而0·60 N与1·36 N力组牙齿移动的距离之间基本上从第5天开始差别不大。③加力后牙齿移动周期一般包括三个阶段:瞬时运动;迟滞期;后期移动阶段。大约在第14天时,由于矫治力衰减,牙齿停止移动。结论　①牙齿向新鲜拔牙区移动速度快,而向已经愈合的拔牙区移动速度慢。②在矫治过程中,中等力较为合适;即使使用较大的力,也不一定引起较大的牙齿移动。     

Patients' self-perceived impacts and prosthodontic needs at the time and after tooth loss

Studies on self-perception have demonstrated that tooth loss is associated with esthetic, functional, psychological and social impacts for individuals. However, not all subjects seek treatment immediately after tooth loss, even when desire for replacement is strongly expressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of patients submitted to tooth extraction about factors associated with tooth loss and prosthodontic treatment, at the time and after extraction. A convenience sample of 211 consecutive patients were clinically evaluated and answered to a questionnaire about perceived impacts and prosthodontic treatment needs. Data were collected at the time of extraction and after a 3-month time interval. Perceived impacts were high (21 to 76% at the time and 35 to 87% after extraction). From 72.5% patients who expressed intention of immediate replacement of edentulous spaces, only 8.1% had actually been treated. Financial limitation was considered the most important factor that restricted access to treatment. Bivariate statistical analysis showed association between immediate dental replacement and anterior tooth loss (p=0.00) and extension of edentulous space (p=0.01). Position of lost teeth was associated to perceived functional limitation (p=0.03). Worsened appearance was associated to tooth loss in the maxillary arch (p=0.02), and desire of prosthodontic treatment was associated to the extension of edentulous space (p=0.05). Perceived impacts were more frequent in women than men. It was concluded that although patients usually expressed prosthodontic treatment needs, clinical and financial issues are determinant factors for tooth replacement.     

上前牙位点保存的临床研究

目的:探讨使用羟基磷灰石骨粉复合生物胶原材料进行拔牙位点保存的临床效果。方法:对30例拔除前牙的患者随机分组,试验组15例,拔牙同期在拔牙窝内植入羟基磷灰石骨粉,生物胶原材料覆盖表面关闭拔牙窝,临时义齿修复缺失牙并在位点处维持软组织形态;对照组15例,拔牙后常规处理,让拔牙窝内充满自然形成的血凝块。6个月后复诊,观察拔牙窝愈合情况,测量牙槽嵴的高度、宽度和牙间乳头的位置,采用两独立样本t检验进行统计学分析,使用SPSS17.0统计学软件分析处理数据。结果:试验组拔牙窝愈合良好,牙槽骨丰满,牙龈乳头形态得以保留,牙龈边缘连续一致;而对照组牙槽嵴吸收、萎缩,高度降低、宽度缩小明显,牙龈乳头萎缩甚至消失。实验组和对照组间牙槽嵴高度、宽度和牙间乳头的变化差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:羟基磷灰石骨粉复合生物胶原材料起到了保存拔牙后牙槽骨骨量的作用,及时的临时义齿修复很好的维持了软组织形态。     

Prognosis of replanted primary incisors after injuries

Between 1979 and 1997, 58 avulsed primary teeth were treated at the Pedodontic Clinic of Niigata University Dental Hospital. Among these, we replanted six avulsed incisors of four patients and treated two teeth of two patients replanted at other dental clinics. Referring to the clinical records, oral photographs and radiographs, we examined the injury age, cause of injury, condition of tooth storage, length of time until replantation, and also the prognosis after replantation. Three teeth of two cases remained until eruption of their permanent successors, and one tooth of one case remained under observation without extraction. Although the other four teeth of three cases resulted in extraction, no secondary infection was detected due to replantation. The following reasons were suspected for the poor prognosis of the four teeth. One avulsed tooth was not fixed immediately after replantation. One replanted tooth might not have been compatible with the alveolar socket. In the other two teeth, the periodontal vital tissues might have been removed before replantation. It is generally suggested that replantation of primary teeth is not a good option. However, from the present results, it was considered that replantation can be an effectual method when the condition of the avulsed primary tooth is suitable.     

Cause and occurrence timing of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw: a retrospective study focusing on prophylactic tooth extraction

Purpose

This retrospective study aimed to analyze the relationship between tooth extraction and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) occurrence. The irradiation field, dose, and time interval between radiotherapy (RT) and ORN were reviewed. We also discuss appropriate guidelines for prophylactic tooth extraction.

Methods

A total of 33 patients treated for grade ≥2 (clinical) ORN in our department from 2002 to 2014 were enrolled. The following epidemiological data were retrospectively gathered: age, sex, histological diagnosis, primary tumor sites, radiation dose, chemotherapy, site of ORN, relationship between tooth extraction and ORN occurrence, and time interval between tooth extraction and the initiation or end of RT.

Results

Twenty-one percent of ORN cases resulted from tooth extraction. The most common site of ORN (82 %) was the mandibular molar region. About half of ORN cases (49 %) occurred within 2 years after RT. All patients who received tooth extraction after RT developed ORN (100 %) independently of time interval between tooth extraction and the end of RT (median interval, 37.5 months; range, 27–120 months). In contrast, only 50 % of patients who received tooth extraction before RT developed ORN. There may have been an association between the irradiation field and the site of ORN development

Conclusions

ORN occurrence due to tooth extraction was 21 %. Occurrence timing of ORN did not depend on time interval between tooth extraction and the end of RT. The irradiation field is certainly related to the site of ORN; therefore, prophylactic tooth extraction should be performed in consideration of the proposed radiation field and dose.

     

A modified socket seal surgery with composite graft approach

The contour of the residual ridge is reduced within 1 year by approximately 25% in width after the extraction of a natural tooth. The augmentation of a tooth socket after an extraction decreases the loss of available bone width for an endosteal implant. Grafting at the same time as the extraction has benefits from both a patient and doctor perspective. However, primary closure is more difficult, and may require the facial keratinized gingiva to be undermined and approximated on the crest of the ridge, or the use of membranes, which are exposed during the soft tissue healing. The modified socket seal surgery uses a technique described by Landsberg and couples his procedure with autologous bone harvested from the maxillary tuberosity. As a result, the tooth extraction socket may be augmented with autologous bone and connective tissue with a simplified approach at the same time as the extraction of a tooth.     

老年糖尿病患者拔牙术前血糖控制目标与预后相关性的初步分析

目的观察老年糖尿病患者在空腹血糖>8.88 mmol/L且≤10.00 mmol/L条件下行拔牙术的安全性。方法本研究为前瞻性队列研究,纳入2018年10月至2019年10月就诊于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科心电监护门诊的老年糖尿病拔牙患者100例,男性53例,女性47例,年龄(75.8±8.0)岁(65~95岁)。拔牙术前空腹血糖>8.88 mmol/L且≤10.00 mmol/L的50例患者为观察组;空腹血糖≤8.88 mmol/L的50例患者为对照组,两组糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)均≤8.5%。分别观察拔牙术后24 h、1周拔牙窝处有无疼痛、肿胀、溢脓、瘘口及全身发热,观察术后1个月拔牙窝周围组织愈合情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件对拔牙术前血糖控制目标与预后的相关性进行统计学分析。结果观察组和对照组患者术前的空腹血糖分别为(6.92±0.99)和(9.88±0.68)mmol/L,HbAlc分别为(6.76±0.83)%和(7.69±0.75)%。两组患者的年龄、性别、糖尿病病史、拔牙牙位、牙龈指数、牙齿松动度等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24 h,对照组与观察组拔牙窝愈合良好的患者均占94%(47/50),两组均有3例患者拔牙窝局部疼痛,但可耐受,周围组织均无红肿表现。术后1周检查创口愈合良好,术后1个月创口完全愈合。两组患者拔牙术后创口愈合状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拔牙术前空腹血糖≤10.00 mmol/L且HbA1c≤8.5%可作为老年糖尿病患者常规拔牙或口腔小手术的安全参考值。