铸钢接尘与离尘工人肺功能及呼吸系统症状的配对研究

本文对沈阳某重型机器厂铸钢车间２５９名接尘工人与７４名调离铸钢粉尘作业工人进行了肺功能与呼吸系统症状的配对分析。结果表明：无论是接尘人工，还是调离粉尘作业工人，其ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ、ＦＥＦ２５－７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺功能指标的实测值均较对照组明显降低，肺功能异常人数以及呼吸系统症状阳性人数与慢性支气管炎的患病人数则较对照组显著升高。     

铸造接尘女工肺功能与呼吸系统症状的配对研究

为了深入探讨铸造粉尘对接尘女工呼吸系统的损害，本文按配对设计原则，就１６２对不吸烟的铸造接尘女工与对照女工进行了肺功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究。结果表明：接尘组ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５％～７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺功能指标的实测值均较对照组显著降低，除Ｖ７５外，Ｐ值均小于０．０１；肺功能各项指标异常、呼吸系统症状呈阳性以及患慢性支气管炎的例数，接尘组则均较对照组明显增加，且均具有统计学意义。因此，对铸造接尘女工的职业性危害问题应给予足够的重视。     

滑石接尘矿工呼吸系统损害的调查

对接触滑石尘５年以上的２６７名男性矿工进行了呼吸系统症状阳性率，慢性支气管炎患病率与肺功能损害的调查与分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，接尘组咳嗽、咯痰、胸闷，气短等呼吸系统症状阳性率、慢性支气管炎患闰率均显著高于对照组。ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、ＰＥＦ、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５等指标实测值／预计值（％）较对照组明显较低，异常率明显升高。多因素分析结果表明：接尘工龄是影响肺功能损害的主要因素，即接尘工龄越长，肺     

石材制品厂非吸烟接尘工人呼吸系统损害研究

「目的」探讨接尘不吸烟工人呼吸系统的损害。「方法」对石制品１２４名接尘不吸烟工人及对照组进行呼吸系统询问调查和肺功能测定。「结果」接尘组工人呼吸症状阳性率明显高于对照组,肺功能明显下降,ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５明显下降,均有显著性差异。「结论」矽尘作业工人呼吸系统和肺功能损害是严重的,应采取防护措施。     

离尘矿工肺通气功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究

对１５６名离尘矿工进行了肺通气功能和呼吸系统症状的配对研究，结果表明：无论是ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１．０、ＦＥＦ２５％～７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺通气功能指标的实测值，还是肺通气功能异常率均显示离尘矿工肺通气功能损害较对照工人严重，除ＦＶＣ外，均有统计学意义；呼吸系统症状阳性人数和慢性支气管炎患病人数离尘矿工也均显著高于对照工人。     

调离铸钢粉尘作业人工肺功能的研究

本文对１４３名调离铸钢粉尘作业工人肺功能损害及呼吸系统症状阳性率与慢性支气管炎的患者病进行了研究，结果表明，无论吸烟与否，离尘组工人的ＦＶＣ１，ＦＥＶ１．０，ＦＥＦ２５－７５％，Ｖ７５，Ｖ５０及ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ％等肺功能指标的实测值占地值百分比均较对照工人组显降低，肺功能异常率则显著增高，除个别指标外，其差别均有非常显著的意义，配对比较显示，离尘组工人肺功能各项指标的实测值显著低于对照组，异常     

沈阳水泵厂铸造车间接尘不吸烟工人呼吸系统损害的调查

本文对沈阳水泵厂铸造车间８２名接尘不吸烟工人进行了呼吸系统询问调查与肺功能检测。结果表明，接尘组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、胸痛、胸闷的阳性率较对照组明显升高，且均具有显著性；ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５与对照组相比，其实测值、实测值占预计值％的下降及异常率的升高，多具有显著性差别。     

影响铸钢接尘工人肺功能损害的因素分析

对沈阳重型机器厂铸钢车间５０６名铸钢接尘工人进行了肺功能测定与影响因素分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，铸钢接尘工人ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５－７５％、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０和ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ％等肺功能指标的实测值占预计值百分比较对照组明显低（Ｐ均＜０．０１）．接尘工人肺功能损害随着累计接尘量的增加和接尘工龄的延长而加重。清砂工肺功能损害较其它工种为重．多因素分析表明：粉尘是影响工人肺功能损害的主要因素．     

滑石接尘退休工人肺功能损害的调查及其影响因素分析

对１２１名滑石接尘退休工人进行了肺功能损害的调查及其影响因素分析。结果表明：不论吸烟与否，退休接尘工人ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５等指标的实测值、实测值／预计值（％）较对照组明显降低，异常率则明显升高，且多具有显著或非常显著的统计学意义。多因素分析表明：慢性支气管炎和接尘工龄是影响退休接尘工人肺功能下降的主要因素。     

生产性皮毛粉尘对接尘工人肺功能急性影响的研究

地某皮毛厂９３名接尘工人与１０１名对照工人进行了班前、班中肺功能测定的比较分析。接尘组工人班中测定的肺功能平均值多较班前为低，其中男工的ＭＭＦ、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等指标的差值具有统计学意义。与对照组相比，接尘组男工的ＭＭＦ、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等指标班中与班前差的平均值具有非常显著意义的差别；接尘组工人肺功能急性改变率较对照组明显增高，其中ＦＶＣ、ＭＭＦ与Ｖ５０具有非常显著的意义。     

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in swine confinement workers.

A group of 59 workers (41 men and 18 women) employed in swine confinement areas was studied to assess the presence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of abnormalities in ventilatory function. A control group of 46 (31 men and 15 women) unexposed workers was studied for the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. For both male and female swine confinement workers complaints of chronic cough, dyspnoea, and chest tightness were significantly more frequent than among control workers. Male workers also complained more of chronic phlegm. Male swine confinement workers who were smokers had significantly higher prevalences of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and chronic bronchitis than male non-smoking swine confinement workers. The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the workshift was high among the swine confinement workers with more than half of the workers complaining of cough and dyspnoea associated with work. Significant acute across shift reductions in lung function occurred in swine confinement workers, being largest for FEF25. All Monday preshift ventilatory capacity measurements in male confinement workers were significantly lower than predicted values; FVC and FEV1 were found to be lower than predicted values for women. The data indicate that exposure in swine confinement buildings is associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and impairment of lung function. Smoking appears to aggravate these changes.     

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in swine confinement workers.

A group of 59 workers (41 men and 18 women) employed in swine confinement areas was studied to assess the presence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of abnormalities in ventilatory function. A control group of 46 (31 men and 15 women) unexposed workers was studied for the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. For both male and female swine confinement workers complaints of chronic cough, dyspnoea, and chest tightness were significantly more frequent than among control workers. Male workers also complained more of chronic phlegm. Male swine confinement workers who were smokers had significantly higher prevalences of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and chronic bronchitis than male non-smoking swine confinement workers. The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the workshift was high among the swine confinement workers with more than half of the workers complaining of cough and dyspnoea associated with work. Significant acute across shift reductions in lung function occurred in swine confinement workers, being largest for FEF25. All Monday preshift ventilatory capacity measurements in male confinement workers were significantly lower than predicted values; FVC and FEV1 were found to be lower than predicted values for women. The data indicate that exposure in swine confinement buildings is associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and impairment of lung function. Smoking appears to aggravate these changes.     

焦炉逸散物对作业工人肺功能及呼吸系统症状影响的配对研究

目的　探讨焦炉逸散物对作业工人肺功能及呼吸系统症状的影响。方法　按吸烟指数、年龄、身高和体重配对 ,对焦炉工和对照组进行问卷调查、肺功能测定和焦炉逸散物累积接触剂量 (指数 )估算。结果　接触组肺功能FVC、FEV1 0 、MMF、FEF2 5% 、FEF50 % 、FEF75% 和各项肺功能实测值占预计值百分比均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1)。焦炉工咳嗽、咳痰阳性率随累积接触剂量的增加而升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;累积接触剂量≥ 60 0 0时 ,各项肺功能指标异常率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　焦炉逸散物可引起肺功能的降低和呼吸系统异常症状发生率升高。     

焦炉逸散物对作业工人呼吸系统影响的研究

目的　为探讨焦炉逸散物（ＣＯＥ） 对作业工人呼吸系统的影响。方法　对４６５ 名焦炉作业工人和３６５ 名对照工人进行了体格检查、胸部Ｘ 线摄片和肺功能测定。结果　与对照相比,作业工人呼吸道炎、咽喉炎发生率明显增高;Ｘ 线异常改变主要表现在肺纹理与肺门的变化,工龄超过２０ 年的有统计学意义;ＦＥＶ１ ．０ 、ＦＥＶ１ ％ 、ＭＭＦ、ＦＥＦ５０％ 、ＦＥＦ７５ ％ 等肺功能指标明显下降,工龄＜ １０ 年者ＦＥＦ７５％ 差异具有极显著性,工龄１０ ～２０ 年者ＦＥＦ５０ ％ 差异有显著性;工龄＞ ２０ 年者ＦＥＶ１ ％ 、ＭＭＦ、ＦＥＦ５０ ％ 、ＦＥＦ７５％ 的差异具显著性或极显著性意义。结论　提示接触ＣＯＥ 可引起肺通气功能减退和呼吸系统的损害,且随工龄延长有加重的趋势。     

某陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能分析

目的 了解某陶瓷企业粉尘对工人肺功能的影响，为尘肺防治提供科学依据。方法对147例陶瓷生产工人和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定。结果 肺通气功能测定显示暴露工龄5a～组和10a～组VC、FVC、PEF、FEF 75％明显低于对照组，10a～组FEV，低于其他3组，暴露组FEF25-75、FEF25%。明显低于对照组。暴露组肺通气功能和小气道通气功能异常率高于对照组，其中10a～组与对照组的差异有统计学意义。结论 粉尘对该企业接尘工人的肺功能有危害，且随着工龄增加损伤程度加重。     

Respiratory function in animal food processing workers

A group of 71 men employed in animal food processing was studied to assess the prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the presence of lung function abnormalities. In addition, a control group of 55 unexposed men was studied for the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. A significantly higher prevalence for most of the chronic respiratory symptoms was found among the exposed workers compared to the control workers. Those workers who smoked had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, chronic bronchitis, and chest tightness than the smokers in the control group. For nonsmokers, the differences between exposed and control workers were significant for chronic phlegm and chest tightness. The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the work shift was high among the animal food workers. There were significantly lower measured values for FVC, FEV1, and FEF50 in the exposed group (smokers and nonsmokers) compared to predicted lung function values. In smokers, all measured parameters of ventilatory capacity were significantly less than predicted; for nonsmokers, the FVC and FEV1 were less than normal. Our data indicate that exposure to dust in the animal food industry may be associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the impairment of lung function. Smoking, in this setting, appears to aggravate these changes.     

Longitudinal study of respiratory findings in rubber workers

A cross-sectional assessment of respiratory function and symptoms was performed in 1985 on 409 male rubber workers and 172 unexposed control workers. A follow-up study in 311 of the original rubber workers was performed 6 years later. Ventilatory capacity was measured by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves. At the time of the initial study, significantly higher prevalences of all chronic respiratory symptoms, except for asthma, were found among the rubber workers compared to controls. Smokers had a significantly higher prevalence of most of the chronic respiratory symptoms compared with nonsmokers. A high prevalence of acute symptoms during the workshift was recorded among the rubber workers at both surveys. Rubber workers demonstrated significantly lower ventilatory capacity measurements compared to predicted. Ventilatory capacity measurements diminished significantly across the workshift, particularly FEF50 and FEF25. Metaproterenol inhaled at the end of the workshift significantly improved lung function in a small group of sensitive rubber workers. Annual lung function loss among both smokers and nonsmokers was in excess of predicted. Our data suggest that exposure to noxious agents in the rubber industry are associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory impairment. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

某水泥厂粉尘作业工人健康检查结果分析

目的了解某水泥厂接触粉尘作业人员健康现状,探讨粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法以某水泥厂150名（男107名,女43名）粉尘作业工人为观察组,以市企、事业单位职工150人（男100人,女50人）作为对照组,进行职业健康检查。包括职业史、主诉、内科、尿常规、血常规、心电图、B超、胸部X线透视或照片,接尘工龄大于3a的作业工人选做了肺功能项目检查。结果观察组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、咽喉痛、鼻黏膜干燥为主要表现的呼吸系统症状检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。另外,食欲不振、全身酸痛、四肢麻木以及以尿频、尿急为主要表现的尿不适症状检出率也显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。观察组中血压偏高、尿常规异常、血常规异常检出率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。肺功能异常的检出率,观察组与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=38．07,P〈0．01）,主要表现为观察组肺功能损害特征以限制性肺通气功能障碍为主。结论该水泥厂粉尘对工人身体危害比较严重。建议相关部门加强对乡镇企业的监管,减少职业危害因素损害作业工人健康。     

Respiratory effects of chronic animal feed dust exposure

AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of chronic work related respiratory symptoms and to determine lung function abnormalities in animal feed industry workers. METHOD: 108 workers with a mean age of +/- SD: 32 +/- 7.11 yr employed in the animal feed industry and 108 unexposed subjects as a control group were enrolled in the study. All subjects filled out a questionnaire on their respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were conducted. Airborne dust (respirable fraction) was sampled during an 8-h work shift. Dust sampling was performed with a Casella AFC 123 machine. RESULTS: A significantly higher prevalence of work related upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms such as cough (12%), dyspnea (5.6%) and sinusitis (8.3%) were found among the workers than in the control group (p=0.001, p=0.04 and p=0.008 respectively). Irritation symptoms such as pruritis of the eyes (11.1%), skin lesions (7.4%) and nose symptoms (8.3%) were also significantly higher among workers that in the control group (p=0.001, p=0.014 and p=0.005 respectively). The mean PFTs (predicted %) of the workers; forced vital capacity (FVC)% +/- SD (85.23 +/- 12.06), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1)% +/- SD (88.73 +/- 13.09), peak expiratory flow (PEF)% +/- SD (70.64 +/- 18.76) and forced expiratory flow rate at 25-75% of the FVC (FEF25-75)% +/- SD (88.42 +/- 25.94) were found significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001 respectively). Our data indicate that exposure to animal feed dust is an important factor in the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and decline in lung functions.     

配合饲料生产工人的呼吸道损害

对39名配合饲料生产工人进行呼吸病症状学、X 线胸片、班前班后肺通气功能、抗原特异性IgG 抗体以及粉尘细菌、霉菌等方面调查。发现工人中支气管炎症状者占61.5%;胸大片有纹理改变占20.5%;其中1例出现点片状影;白细胞增高占38.5%;有12.8%的人表现肺功能阻塞障碍,而肺功其它指标如MMF,PF,V75等普遍较正常对照组为低。有43.6%受检血清中存在抗原特异性IgG 抗体,呼吸道症状者的阳性率显著高于非症状者(P<0.001),而正常人仅占5%。以上说明配合饲料生产可引起工人呼吸道炎症,这种炎症不排除外源性变应性肺泡炎的可能性。