虹膜氪激光联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼临床观察

目的评价氪激光虹膜新生血管光凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法对22例(男15例、女7例)药物难于控制的新生血管性青光眼患者,首先应用氪-绿激光器对虹膜新生血管进行直接覆盖光凝,观察虹膜新生血管闭塞、萎缩后,施行巩膜瓣下小梁切除与虹膜周边切除,术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC0.4mg/ml)。术后处理同常规小梁切除术。术后观察项目:眼压、结膜滤过泡、眼前段反应等,随访时间6～12个月。结果22例术后第1周眼压(11.42±2.61)mmHg较术前(43.42±6.46)mmHg明显降低(t=15.06,p=0.000):随访时眼压控制良好(18.17±2.04mmHg),其中仅2例接受局部应用β-受体阻滞剂。20例结膜滤过泡弥散隆起,2例较为扁平。术中有1例前房少量出血,不影响手术操作。术后前房无继发性出血发生。结论采用氪-绿激光直接覆盖光凝虹膜新生血管及小梁切除术的“二步”法,即首先利用氪-绿激光器对虹膜新生血管进行激光光凝,待虹膜新生血管闭塞、萎缩后,继之施行巩膜瓣下小梁切除联合MMC治疗新生血管性青光眼,经随访能有效降低眼压,控制病情进展。减少与避免常规滤过性手术中、术后因虹膜新生血管出血而导致的前房出血并发症,提高了新生血管性青光眼手术治疗的成功率。为一种较安全及有效的综合性治疗新生血管性青光眼的方法     

虹膜光凝联合复合式小梁切除治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价倍频532激光虹膜表面新生血管光凝术联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法对31例（32只眼）新生血管性青光眼先用倍频532 nm激光封闭虹膜表面新生血管,1～d天后再行复合式小梁切除术。结果术后随访半年,27例（28只眼）眼压控制在21 mm Hg以下,有效率达85.71%。结论倍频532激光虹膜光凝联合复合式小梁切除术是治疗新生血管性青光眼较为满意的方法。     

外伤植入性虹膜囊肿的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗外伤植入性虹膜囊肿的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析于2008年1月至2011年1月间手术治疗的外伤植入性虹膜囊肿12例(12只眼),术后随访12～28月,分析术后眼部情况、复发和并发症发生情况.结果 12例患者中2例虹膜囊肿复发(复发率16.7％),再次切除后治愈.12例患者治疗前后最佳矫正视力统计学上差异无统计学意义,术后发生了角膜水肿、炎症、出血等并发症,治疗后消退.结论 手术治疗外伤植入性虹膜囊肿是安全有效的.     

植入性虹膜囊肿11例临床分析及手术治疗

目的分析植入性虹膜囊肿的临床特点及其手术治疗的方法。方法收集11例植入性虹膜囊肿患者临床资料,分析其临床特点。术前超声生物显微镜明确囊肿病变范围及毗邻关系,施行虹膜囊肿切除或联合手术,切除组织行HE染色。结果囊肿切除联合节段虹膜切除术5例;囊肿切除联合穿透性角膜移植手术4例,其中1例联合前部玻璃体切割术;囊肿切除联合异体巩膜修补1例;内窥镜下经睫状体切除囊肿1例。术后平均视力0.3,眼压14~22mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),观察期内所有病例均无复发。结论彻底的联合手术摘除是植入性虹膜囊肿首选的治疗方法,超声生物显微镜指导下囊肿彻底切除是防止复发的关键。     

虹膜囊肿研究进展

虹膜囊肿是葡萄膜的良性肿瘤，分为原发和继发两类。UBM是诊断和鉴别诊断的主要手段。治疗方法较多，目前以手术摘除、激光光凝应用较广。本文就IC的分类、病理特征、诊断、治疗做一综述。     

Corneal Endothelial Damage with Neodymium:YAG Laser

Acute corneal endothelial changes following Nd:YAG laser application were evaluated in two series of rabbits. The first series underwent anterior capsulotomy, while the second series received laser applications at calculated distances ranging from 0.0 mm to 1.8 mm posterior to the endothelium. The rabbits were killed 24 hours after treatment and the endothelium evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. None of the eyes undergoing anterior capsulotomy showed endothelial damage, but the endothelium was focally denuded when laser shots were applied within 1.0 mm of it, and Descemet's membrane was disrupted by laser shots focused within 0.1 mm. Implications for clinical laser surgery are discussed.     

Peripheral pigmentary iris cyst: evaluation and differential diagnosis

Peripheral iris pigment epithelial cysts are benign lesions of the anterior segment. They are located at the iridociliary junction and can produce a localised distortion and/or displacement of the iris. Patients who have these lesions are usually asymptomatic and in the absence of a careful slitlamp examination will often remain undetected. The aetiology of these cysts is unknown and they tend to be unilateral and solitary in nature. The cyst walls are composed of iris pigment epithelium and the lumen contains clear fluid. Women are three times more likely to develop these cysts, which must be differentiated from malignancies of the iris or ciliary body. We report a case involving a peripheral pigmentary iris cyst and discuss methods of differentiating this benign lesion from serious ocular tumours.     

Nd:YAG激光治疗后发性白内障

目的评价Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障的疗效及安全性。探讨防止其并发症的有效方法。方法对９７例１１２眼后发性白内障行Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光后囊膜切开术,随访、观察８～１６ｍｏ,并进行分析、讨论。结果截囊成功率１００％,增视率９８．２％,术后视力恢复≥０．５者７６眼,占６７．９％．并发症仅有术后眼压暂时性升高１５眼占１３．４％,轻度人工晶状体损伤６眼占７．８％．结论Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光后囊膜切开术是治疗后发性白内障最安全有效的方法。准确瞄准和聚焦、低能量、射击次数少、后囊膜小切孔可有效防止其并发症     

Clinical and histopathological features of posttraumatic iris cyst

Iris cyst excision involves complex surgical maneuvers and may have a variable visual outcome depending upon preexisting and postoperative complications. Hereby, we report a case series of 10 eyes from which posttraumatic iris cysts were excised and proven histopathologically. Histopathology records were reviewed. Data regarding patient profile, clinical profile, surgical details, treatment outcomes and follow-up were reviewed. Outcome measures were defined as recurrences, visual acuity and number of other surgeries required. Non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to compare changes in the visual acuity and Fisher test was used to find out the significance of several risk factors. Mean age was 24.7 years (3-58 years). Mean follow-up was 2.36 years. Mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.56 in comparison to final logMAR visual acuity of 1.62. Factors related to adverse functional outcome were related to post-surgical complications.     

先天性虹膜囊肿10例临床分析

目的:探讨先天性虹膜囊肿不同时期的临床表现及影像学特征,避免先天性虹膜囊肿继发青光眼期误诊为闭角型青光眼而延误治疗。方法:对10例先天性虹膜临床症状,眼部体征,影像学检查资料进行回顾性分析。其中6例以眼红、眼痛、头痛、视力下降等主诉就诊,疑似闭角型青光眼;2例以眼痛、畏光、流泪、视物模糊等主诉就诊,疑似前葡萄膜炎;2例无症状为体检时发现的。结果:典型患者具有裂隙灯检查前房深浅不一,虹膜局部前凸;前房角镜检查显示局部房角窄,部分或全部关闭;眼压测定10例中有6例患眼眼压高于正常;超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查示虹膜囊肿。结论:先天性虹膜囊肿尤其是色素上皮囊肿发病比较隐蔽,为防止先天性虹膜囊肿进展眼压升高继发青光眼期误诊为闭角型青光眼而行抗青光眼手术,术后眼压再次升高,手术失败,术前一定要明确诊断。     

激光泪道成形术联合泪道内注入典必舒眼膏治疗小儿泪囊炎

目的　探讨激光泪道成形术联合泪道内注入药物治疗小儿泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法　采用Nd :YAG泪道激光泪道成形术联合泪道内分别注入典必舒眼膏和生理盐水 ,共治疗慢性泪囊炎患者1 0 2例 1 1 2只眼。随访观察 3～ 6月。结果　典必舒组 6月冲洗通畅率为 98 2 1 % ,生理盐水组保持通畅者为 3 1眼 ,占 5 5 3 6% ,两组疗效差异有显著性 (χ2 =2 8 85 ,P <0 0 1 )。结论　采用Nd :YAG泪道激光泪道成形术联合泪道内注入典必舒眼膏 ,是成功率较高的治疗小儿泪囊炎的方法之一。     

显微手术治疗外伤植入性虹膜囊肿

外伤植入性虹膜囊肿是眼外伤手术的严重并发症，本文报告１３例，眼球穿通伤１０例，爆炸伤２例，白内障术后创口裂开１例，伤口均在角膜周边部或角膜缘，病因是手术缝合创口不佳，结膜或角膜上皮细胞植入虹膜组织，本症可致其他发症，对视功能严重损害，治疗方法很多有不同程度的疗效，但复发率高，采用显著手术切除植入性囊肿，视野清晰，保证完全切除囊肿组织，组织的伤少，复发率低。     

Valsalva retinopathy with double ring sign: Laser membranotomy for twin bleeds

This report describes the case of a 27-year-old lady who presented with sudden decrease in vision in the right eye for one week. She was suffering from constipation and had a history of straining while passing stools. She was found to have two large sub-internal limiting membrane haemorrhages with the classical double ring sign, which were drained using laser membranotomy, following which her vision rapidly improved. This case of two sub-internal limiting membrane haemorrhages is reported for its rarity and also highlights the usefulness of laser hyaloidotomy or membranotomy in large haemorrhages of recent onset. The literature was also reviewed to discuss the other treatment options in brief.     

后囊混浊激光治疗与角膜内皮细胞丢失的临床研究

为研究人晶体后囊混浊行Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光切开术对角膜内皮细胞的影响，用Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗３３例（３３只眼）后囊混浊切开，在激光前与激光后７天检测内皮细胞。结果①激光前角膜内皮细胞平均密度为２４０１个／ｍｍ２，激光后７天内皮细胞密度为２３０１个／ｍｍ２，内皮细胞丢失率为４．３８％，六边形细胞丢失率６．５８％。②激光后与激光前的内皮细胞密度及六边形细胞百分数均有统计学显著性差异（分别为ｔ＝３．６１，ｐ＜０．０５；ｔ＝４．２８，ｐ＜０．０１）。③切开后囊所用激光总能量与内皮细胞丢失无相关性，而单次激光能量则与其有统计学上相关性（ｒ＝０．４３６４，ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光行后囊混浊切开时，其对角膜内皮细胞有一定的影响，为减少对内皮细胞的损害，单次低量，多次的切开后囊的激光使用为最佳方法。     

虹膜色素颗粒对兔眼小梁切除术后滤过通道瘢痕化影响的实验研究

目的探讨虹膜色素上皮(iris pigment epithelium,IPE)层色素颗粒对兔眼小梁切除术后滤过通道瘢痕化过程及Tenon囊成纤维细胞增生的影响。设计实验研究。研究对象新西兰大白兔18只。方法单眼做小梁切除手术模型。实验组巩膜瓣下放置0.1 ml(100μg/ml)猪IPE层色素颗粒并保留,阳性对照组和阴性对照组分别放置0.4 mg/ml丝裂霉素C棉片和生理盐水棉片3分钟。术后观察眼压、滤过泡形态30天,并对滤过泡及其周边组织进行组织病理学检查。主要指标眼压、滤过泡形态、手术滤过区瘢痕化程度。结果实验组、阳性对照组、阴性对照组兔眼术前平均眼压分别为(24.78±1.40)、(24.11±1.18)、(24.00±1.53)mmHg(F=0.241,P=0.789)。术后30天平均眼压分别为(20.28±1.87)、(20.39±2.28)、(23.33±1.14)mmHg(F=22.500,P=0.000)。实验组与阳性对照组无显著差异(P=0.86),实验组与阳性对照组均低于阴性对照组(P均=0.000)。滤过泡平均存留时间分别为(28.17±1.72)、(27.00±2.37)、(10.67±1.97)天(F=138.592,P=0.000)。组织病理学检查示实验组和阳性对照组兔眼滤过区结构相似,胶原纤维和瘢痕组织相对较少,而阴性对照组胶原纤维和瘢痕组织明显增生。结论小样本量短期实验研究表明,IPE层色素颗粒可能阻止Tenon囊成纤维细胞增生过程,有助于延缓小梁切除术后滤过通道瘢痕化。     

小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼的中远期疗效

目的:观察小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼的中远期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2010-01/2022-09于云南大学附属医院行小梁切除术治疗的色素性青光眼患者38例51眼的临床资料。术后随访3～144mo,分析纳入患者的眼压、视力及屈光状态,记录并发症情况,评估手术疗效。结果:纳入患者术前平均使用降眼压药物种类2.90±0.12种,平均眼压18.89±7.40mmHg,术后3d, 1、3、6mo, 1a、末次随访时平均眼压分别为14.68±5.08、13.99±2.95、14.25±2.50、14.36±2.83、14.33±2.66、14.94±1.95mmHg,术后各时间点眼压均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),术后各时间点眼压均无明显差异(P>0.05)。随访期间,纳入患者视力基本保持稳定,均无眼内炎、恶性青光眼发生。末次随访时,手术完全成功率为90%,部分成功率为8%,失败率为2%。结论:小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼可以解除反向瞳孔阻滞,有效控制眼压、稳定视力,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼

目的 评价Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析27例葡萄膜炎继发瞳孔阻滞闭角型青光眼经Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗的情况。随诊时间2月到4年。结果1)一次激光所有患眼均成功击穿虹膜。虽经术后积极抗炎治疗．12眼(44％)发生虹膜孔关闭。多次激光治疗后，最终89％的患眼获得了通畅的激光孔。2)在46次激光治疗中，击射点数为3～376点，激光能量为12～2077mJ。所用激光能量较原发闭角型青光眼高。3)75％的患眼激光治疗后眼压控制正常，6只眼(22％)眼压不能控制行滤过手术。4)激光手术的并发症主要是激光时虹膜的出血和暂时的眼压升高。5)术前有活动性炎症的患眼，发生激光孔闭合的比例更高。结论 Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术是治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的一种安全有效的方法。为提高手术的成功率，应在积极抗炎的同时，尽早行激光虹膜切除术。若激光后虹膜孔反复关闭，应考虑手术周边虹膜切除术。     

激光虹膜成形术联合YAG激光与传统小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效比较

目的：探讨激光虹膜成形术联合YAG激光治疗青光眼与传统小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析60例60眼闭角型青光眼患者临床资料,行激光虹膜成形术联合YAG激光虹膜切开术者纳入观察组(38例38眼),行传统小梁切除术者纳入对照组(22例22眼)。比较术前和术后1、3、12mo时,两组患者眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、房角开放距离(angle open distance,AOD500)、中央前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)、角膜内皮细胞密度(corneal endothelial cell density,ECD)变化,分析术后12mo内两组患者并发症发生情况。

结果：术后1、3、12mo时,两组患者IOP水平均较术前有显著下降,且观察组明显低于同期对照组(P<0.05); 观察组患者AOD500、ACD水平均较治疗前有显著提升,且明显高于同期对照组(P<0.05); 观察组患者ECD水平与术前比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但明显高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。术后12mo内,观察组患者并发症总发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论：激光虹膜成形术联合YAG激光治疗青光眼可获得较为理想的治疗效果,其安全性较传统小梁切除术更佳,有利于患者预后眼功能恢复。     

Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗后囊膜混浊

目的:探讨Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析行Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后囊膜混浊患者165例(193眼),记录手术前后视力、眼压及并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果:①后囊膜一次性切开成功率为100%,所用激光脉冲数平均24±21.7次,激光总能量4~451mJ;②91.2%(176眼)视力较术前提高;③59.6%(115眼)出现一过性眼压升高;手术前后眼压变化与是否植入人工晶状体、所用激光脉冲数以及白内障手术与后囊膜切开术间隔时间有关;④19.3%(32眼)出现人工晶状体损伤。结论:Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊安全、有效,但应严格掌握适应证,并合理选择激光参数。