含莫西沙星方案和左氧氟沙星不同方案在老年耐多药肺结核病中效果比较

目的探讨含莫西沙星方案和左氧氟沙星不同方案在老年耐多药肺结核病中的临床效果。方法选择我院中心肺结核患者共100例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组给予含莫西沙星方案治疗,对照组给予含左氧氟沙星方案治疗。观察两组治疗效果。结果观察组患者治疗3个月末痰转阴所占比例大于对照组（P〈0.05）,6个月末、12个月末及18个月末痰转阴所占比例与对照组相同（P〉0.05）。观察组空洞闭合和缩小所占比例与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率与对照组相同（P〉0.05）。结论含莫西沙星方案和左氧氟沙星不同方案在老年耐多药肺结核病均有较好临床效果,但莫西沙星在痰菌阴转速度上优于左氧氟沙星。     

联合莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核临床观察

目的：观察对比联合莫西沙星与联合左氧氟沙星治疗复治耐多药肺结核的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机分组的方法将138名复治耐多药肺结核患者分成治疗组（T组）69例,对照组（C组）69例,治疗组选用联合莫西沙星方案,对照组选用联合左氧氟沙星方案。结果治疗2个月以上痰菌阴转率治疗组明显优于对照组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不良反应发生率治疗组与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论莫西沙星是一种安全、有效的抗结核药物,方案中联合莫西沙星较左氧氟沙星效果更好。     

莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的临床效果对比

目的进行莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的临床效果对比,提供有价值的临床给药建议。方法以我院2015年3月至2016年3月接受的96例耐药性肺结核患者为研究对象,分为莫西沙星组(50例)与左氧氟沙星组(46例),在使用基础抗结核药物的基础上,分别接受莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星治疗。以临床疗效、痰菌转阴情况、不良反应发生率为评价指标,比较莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的临床效果。结果莫西沙星组临床有效率为90.0%,与左氧氟沙星组73.9%相比显著较高,有统计学差异;6个月后,莫西沙星组转阴率为64.0%,明显高于左氧氟沙星组43.5%,有统计学差异(P<0.05);12个月后的莫西沙星组痰菌转阴率为90.0%,高于左氧氟沙星组76.1%,且有统计学差异(P<0.05);莫西沙星组不良反应发生率为10.0%,明显低于左氧氟沙星组的34.8%,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论莫西沙星的临床疗效比左氧氟沙星更优,不良反应发生率较低,值得临床推广。     

左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核临床效果对比分析

目的探讨左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核临床效果对比分析。方法选取从2015年1月～2016年12月黑龙江省传染病防治院内十科收治的100例耐多药肺结核患者为对象,以随机数字表法将其划分为两组。对照组接受左氧氟沙星方案治疗,研究组接受莫西沙星方案治疗。观察比较两组治疗成功情况,治疗前后的炎性因子指标及肺功能指标,痰菌阴转情况,以及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组治疗成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组治疗前的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1、FEV1、FEF均与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组治疗后的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1均低于对照组,而FEV1、FEF均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组治疗2、4、6、9、12个月的痰菌阴转率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组的不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论耐多药肺结核应用莫西沙星治疗的临床效果优于左氧氟沙星。     

莫西沙星治疗老年耐多药肺结核的疗效

目的:探讨莫西沙星治疗老年耐多药肺结核的疗效.方法:将我院收治的112例老年耐多药肺结核患者随机分为两组.对照组56例采用含左氧氟沙星片抗结核方案,试验组56例采用含莫西沙星片抗结核方案.比较两组临床疗效及患者痰菌阴转率.结果:试验组临床有效率为94.6％显著高于对照组78.6％,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);试验组患者3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月痰菌阴转率分别为58.9％、75.0％、82.1％及 89.3％显著高于对照组39.3％、55.4％、64.3％及69.6％,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:莫西沙星治疗老年耐多药肺结核效果显著,具有较高的临床有效率,痰菌阴转率也较高,可作为老年耐多药肺结核的有效治疗方案之一,值得临床选择.     

莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效及成本-效果分析

目的 探讨莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效及成本-效果分析.方法 选择下呼吸道感染患者90例,随机分为3组.莫西沙星组32例,予以莫西沙星片0.4g·d-1,单次口服;左氧氟沙星组30例,予以左氧氟沙星片0.4g·d-1,分2次口服.环丙沙星组28例,予以环丙沙星片1.0g·d-1,分2次口服.3组疗程均为7d.结果 莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星治疗下呼吸道感染临床有效率分别为90.63％、86.67％和82.14％,细菌清除率分别为84.38％、76.67％和75.0％.3组患者比较均无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).莫西沙星组的治疗方案成本和成本-效果比分别为202.09元和2.33,左氧氟沙星组分别为15.12元和0.17,环丙沙星组分别为3.64和0.04.环丙沙星组的成本和成本-效果比明显低于莫西沙星组和左氧氟沙星组(P＜0.01).结论 从药物经济学角度分析,环丙沙星组治疗下呼吸道感染的治疗方案较莫西沙星组和左氧氟沙星组为佳.     

比较莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的临床疗效

目的分析对耐药性肺结核患者使用左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星治疗的效果情况。方法选择104例耐药性肺结核患者,将其随机分成两组,对照组使用左氧氟沙星治疗,观察组使用莫西沙星进行治疗,然后观察治疗效果。结果观察组在治疗以后,X线表现率和痰菌转阴率都要明显的高于对照组,两组间的差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论在对耐药性肺结核患者进行治疗的时候,使用莫西沙星的效果更好,而且不会出现严重的不良反应,修复肺部损伤好、痰菌转阴率高。     

左氧氟沙星与莫西沙星治疗老年耐多药肺结核临床疗效对比分析

目的：对比分析左氧氟沙星与莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核临床疗效和药物不良反应。方法采用计算机随机分组的方式将本院收治的100例耐多药肺结核患者对照组和观察组,两组患者均给予基础抗结核药物治疗,对照组患者联合左氧氟沙星,观察组患者联合莫西沙星,比较两组患者临床疗效和用药安全性。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为98.00%,对照组患者治疗总有效率为80.00%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者在不良反应发生方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论左氧氟沙星与莫西沙星联合基础抗结核药物治疗耐多药肺结核均取得较为满意的效果,但是,莫西沙星组患者治疗效果优于左氧氟沙星者。     

莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的效果及安全性观察

目的：研究对比莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星治疗耐药性肺结核的临床疗效及其安全性。方法选取2011年6月-2014年6月接受药物治疗的肺结核患者82例,所有患者随机分为莫西沙星组（试验组）与左氧氟沙星组（对照组）各41例。对照组患者给予基础药物以及左氧氟沙星治疗,试验组患者给予基础药物以及莫西沙星治疗,比较2组患者的痰菌转阴率、临床治疗效果以及不良反应情况。结果试验组用药12个月后痰菌转阴率为90.24%明显高于对照组的73.17%（P ＜0.01）。试验组治疗总有效率为87.80%明显高于对照组的70.73%（P ＜0.05）。试验组总不良反应率为12.20%明显低于对照组的26.82%,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论治疗耐药性肺结核时,莫西沙星比左氧氟沙星具有更好的临床疗效。     

莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗尿路感染的临床分析

目的 对比莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗尿路感染的疗效与安全性.方法 2014年1月~2015年2月,回顾性医院收治的尿路感染患者,选择莫西沙星患者141例,纳入莫西沙星组,选择左氧氟沙星治疗92例,纳入左氧氟沙星组.结果 莫西沙星组痊愈率高于左氧氟沙星组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组无效率、愈显率、平均疗程、不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).莫西沙星组DUI1,左氧氟沙星0.82.结论 莫西沙星治疗尿路感染疗效更好.     

新药研发中的me-too, me-better, me-new

文中根据作者对我国新药研发的认识和理解,提出了新药研发过程中me-too,me-better和me-new类新药的概念,并对新药研发过程中的这3类创新活动之间的关系、新药研发的创新程度与经济效益的关系,以及目前我国新药研发的途径选择做了简要的论述。     

Increased drug sensitivity in the drug discrimination procedure afforded by drug versus drug training

Rats were trained to discriminate norfenfluramine (NF) 1.4 mg/kg from its vehicle or amphetamine (AMPH) 0.8 mg/kg or pentobarbital (PB) 6.0 mg/kg in order to determine the role that drug combination training plays in the rate of learning and sensitivity to lower drug doses. The results suggest that drug versus drug training can increase the rate of drug discrimination learning for some drugs that are learned slowly when trained in a drug versus vehicle training procedure, whereas drug versus drug training does not increase the rate of learning for other drugs that are learned rapidly. Drug versus drug training does, however, appear to increase the level of stimulus control of the training drug for all drugs examined in this study.     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Design of anti-bacterial drug and anti-mycobacterial drug for drug delivery system

Liposome-encapsulated drugs often exhibit reduced toxicity and have also been shown to enhance retention of drugs in the tissues. Thus, encapsulation of drugs in liposomes has often resulted in an improved overall therapeutic efficacy. The results of efficacy of liposome-encapsulated ciplofloxacin or azithromycin for therapy of intracellular M. avium infection show enhanced cellular delivery of liposome-encapsulated antibiotics and suggest that efficiency of intracellular targeting is sufficient to mediate enhanced antimycobacterial effects. The antitubercular drugs encapsulated in lung specific stealth liposomes have enhanced efficacies against tuberculosis infection in mice. These results from stealth liposome study indicate that antitubercular drugs encapsulated in liposome may provide therapeutic advantages over the existing chemotherapeutic regimen for tuberculosis. Liposomes with encapsulated amikacin are able to protect collagen almost completely from adherence of bacterial cells of all strains examined and prevent from invading of bacteria.     

Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy

The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.KEY WORDS: Inflammatory diseases, Cancer immunotherapy, Atherosclerosis, Pulmonary artery hypertension, Biologics, Adoptive cell transfer, Immune targets, Drug delivery     

Metabolism-based drug design and drug targeting

Even at the early stages of drug discovery and structure-based drug design, the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological consequences of drug metabolism cannot be ignored. Drug metabolism is also of interest to medicinal chemists in the design of drugs with controlled, predictable deactivation after achieving the therapeutic objective in prodrug design and in chemical–enzymatic drug targeting. In this review, the authors provide an overview of concepts that can be utilized from drug discovery to pharmaceutical development to overcome problems associated with drug metabolism, or that may be used to take advantage of ‘designed-in’ metabolic activation to achieve drug targeting.     

Active drug metabolites in drug development

Active drug metabolites discovered during the course of drug development constitute a subset of the larger issue of metabolic drug interactions, but still demand unique consideration from both an efficacy and a safety point of view. Improved technology has allowed better identification and quantification of metabolites, raising new issues to be addressed during the course of drug development. Several new molecular identities recently entering the marketplace have active metabolites, and many more are (or have been) in development. The MIST (Metabolites in Safety Testing) committee of PhRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) has prepared a position paper (in press) on the subject, which has been widely discussed (with and by regulatory authorities) over the past three years.     

Therapeutic drug monitoring in drug overdose

The treatment of poisoned patients is still largely defined by history, clinical assessment and interpretation of ancillary investigations. Measurement of drug concentrations is clinically important for relatively few compounds. Most measurements form an adjunct to and should not be considered a substitute for clinical assessment. Drug concentrations are particularly important for those compounds where the concentration is predictive of serious toxicity in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.     

Compliance spectrum as a drug fingerprint of drug intake and drug disposition

Since drug related variability arises from different origins, particularly driven by the behaviour or physiology of the patient, the problems of drug intake and drug disposition are separately presented in general. To overcome the potential drawbacks of this artificial split, we propose in this paper a combined illustrative approach, named compliance spectrum, such that these two subprocesses can be equitably studied and visualized. We construct the compliance spectrum based on the Bayesian decision method we previously developed for the inverse problem of patient compliance within the framework of Population-PK. This spectrum provides an intuitive and interactive way to evaluate the relationship between drug intake and drug disposition along with their consequences on PK profile. As well, it opens a new direction for model quality diagnostic.