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1.
Bone mineral density (BMD) can be measured by a variety of techniques at several skeletal sites. Once measured, the manufacturers’
software uses the BMD to calculate a T-score and/or Z-score. Both T-scores and Z-scores are derived by comparison to a reference population on a standard deviation scale. The recommended reference group
for the T-score is a young gender-matched population at peak bone mass, while the Z-score should be derived from an age-matched reference population. T-scores and Z-scores are widely quoted in scientific publications on osteoporosis and BMD studies, and are the values used for DXA diagnostic
criteria and current clinical guidelines for the management of osteoporosis. Errors in BMD measurement, differences in reference
populations, and variations in calculation methods used, can all affect the actual T-score and Z-score value. Attempts to standardize these values have made considerable progress, but inconsistencies remain within and
across BMD technologies. This can be a source of confusion for clinicians interpreting BMD results. A clear understanding
of T-scores and Z-scores is essential for correct interpretation of BMD studies in clinical practice. 相似文献
2.
Yuko Sekiya Yusuke Okuno Hideki Muramatsu Olfat Ismael Nozomu Kawashima Atsushi Narita Xinan Wang Yinyan Xu Asahito Hama Hiroyuki Fujisaki Toshihiko Imamura Daiichiro Hasegawa Yoshiyuki Kosaka Shosuke Sunami Yoshitoshi Ohtsuka Shouichi Ohga Yoshiyuki Takahashi Seiji Kojima Akira Shimada 《International journal of hematology》2016,104(2):266-267
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Anisakis is a parasite of marine mammals that uses a great number of fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts. It is common
in commercially important marine fishes and its presence is of great concern for both human health and economic reasons. Horse
mackerels (Trachurus trachurus) originated from the Northern Aegean Sea were examined for the presence of Anisakis spp. larvae. The prevalence of Anisakis spp. was found 98.8 %. The number of parasites was significantly related to the host’s length but was not related to the
fish gender. The month of sampling affected the size of the fishes and consequently the number of parasites. The length of
larvae was not related to the host’s length. The present study resulted in the design of a prediction model for the number
of existing parasites in the fish by measuring only its Fixed Length. 相似文献
5.
Oba-Shinjo SM Uno M Ito LS Shinjo SK Marie SK Hamajima N 《Journal of gastroenterology》2004,39(8):717-723
Background
Secretor (Se) and Lewis (Le) genes are involved in the synthesis of Lewis b (Leb) and type I antigens throughout the body, especially in the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori can attach to the gastric epithelial cells with the blood group antigen-binding adhesin, which binds to Leb or H type I carbohydrate structures. In a previous study, a marked association between H. pylori seropositivity and polymorphism of the Se and Le genes was observed among Japanese outpatients of a gastroenterology clinic. The present work aims to investigate the associations between Se and Le gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection among Japanese-Brazilians.Methods The subjects consisted of 942 healthy volunteer Japanese-Brazilians, who were tested for the presence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies and genotyped for Se and Le polymorphisms.Results The sex-age-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for H. pylori seropositivity were 0.99 for the Sese genotype relative to the SeSe genotype (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–1.33), and 1.03 for sese relative to SeSe (95% CI, 0.71–1.48). On the other hand, the aOR for the subjects with the le allele (Lele or lele) relative to the LeLe genotype was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.07–1.79). When the Se and Le genotypes were analyzed in combination according to risk group, no statistically significant association was observed.Conclusions These results are inconsistent with previous work and may have been modulated by an external factor or some other unidentified factor. Japanese-Brazilians are genotypically the same as Japanese, but their lifestyle is adapted to that of Brazil. Further investigations are necessary to clarify this influence on susceptibility to H. pylori infection. 相似文献
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Previous studies indicated that region 11.2 of the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11.2) might be a locus encoding a tumor suppressor
gene, since its deletion is a recurrent genetic characteristic of aggressive pediatric cancer. This region is found in the
human immunodeficiency virus integrase interactor 1 (hSNF5/INI1) gene. To investigate whether the hSNF5/INI1 gene is involved
in leukemogenesis, mutation analysis of the hSNF5/INI1 gene was performed in the present study using 5 hematopoietic cell
lines, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimen and normal control. We found two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the hSNF5/INI1
gene in exon 4 and exon 9. The results of this study suggest that the hSNF5/INI1 gene does not play an important role in the
leukemogenesis of AML. 相似文献
9.
Penicillium and Aspergillus species are prevalent airborne fungi. It is imperative to identify and characterize their major allergens. Alkaline and/or
vacuolar serine proteases are major allergens of several prevalent Penicillium and Aspergillus species. They are also major immunoglobulin (Ig) E-reacting components of the most prevalent airborne yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and the most prevalent Cladosporium species, C. cladosporioides. IgE cross-reactivity has been detected among these major pan-fungal serine protease allergens. In addition, the alkaline
serine protease of P. chrysogenum (Pen ch 13) induces histamine release from basophils of asthmatic patients, degrades the tight junction protein occludin,
and stimulates release of proinflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells. In addition to induction of IgE
and inflammatory airway responses, the alkaline serine protease allergen of A. fumigatus (Asp f 13) has synergistic effects on Asp f 2-induced immune response in mice. Studies of these serine protease major allergens
elucidate the diverse allergic disease mechanisms and facilitate the development of better therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
10.
The process of aging is a hallmark of the natural life span of all organisms and individuals within a population show variability in the measures of age related performance. Longevity and the rate of aging are influenced by several factors such as genetics, nutrition, stress, and environment. Many studies have focused on the genes that impact aging and there is increasing evidence that epigenetic factors regulate these genes to control life span. Polycomb (PcG) and trithorax (trxG) protein complexes maintain the expression profiles of developmentally important genes and regulate many cellular processes. Here, we report that mutations of PcG and trxG members affect the process of aging in Drosophila melanogaster, with perturbations mostly associated with retardation in aging. We find that mutations in polycomb repressive complex (PRC1) components Pc and Su(z)2 increase fly survival. Using an inducible UAS-GAL4 system, we show that this effect is tissue-specific; knockdown in fat body, but not in muscle or brain tissues, enhances life span. We hypothesize that these two proteins influence life span via pathways independent of their PRC1 functions, with distinct effects on response to oxidative stress. Our observations highlight the role of global epigenetic regulators in determining life span. 相似文献
11.
Matsuyama M Kato K Higo-Moriguchi K Yamada T Kuramoto T Kuroda M 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》2008,134(7):789-792
Purpose To confirm the presence of the susceptible gene for the thymoma development in the region that was assumed by the previous
linkage study by Oyabu et al. (J Natl Cancer Inst 91:279–282, 1999), we tried to establish a congenic strain of rats.
Methods Backcrossings between the BUF/Mna strain as a donor strain and the ACI/NMna strain as an inbred partner were repeated for
12 generations, examining whether rats had the thymoma development region, and then homozygous rats were yielded by mating
among the heterozygotes. To detect the phenotypic expression, heterozygous ACI.BUF/Mna-Tsr1/+ (ACI-Tsr1/+) rats were generated by crossing female ACI.BUF/Mna-Tsr1/Tsr1 (ACI-Tsr1/Tsr1) rats with male ACI/NMna rats and were maintained for 24 months.
Results These ACI-Tsr1/+ rats produced thymoma in 71%, showing a dominant trait. The thymomas were of the lymphocyte predominant type, as those developed
in rats of the original BUF/Mna strain.
Conclusions Thus, a new rat congenic strain, ACI-Tsr1/Tsr1, was established, revealing that thymoma develops in the dominant trait in ACI-Tsr1/+ rats. 相似文献
12.
Taylor SN 《Current infectious disease reports》2005,7(6):453-457
Mycoplasma genitalium was initially isolated from men with nongonococcal urethritis in 1980. Subsequent studies to assess the association of M. genitalium with human disease were inhibited however because on repeated attempts the organism proved extremely difficult to culture.
Fortunately, the development and use of specific polymerase chain reaction assays allowed progress in this arena and provided
evidence of the association between M. genitalium and urethritis, cervicitis, and endometritis. A serologic association has also been noted between M. genitalium antibody and salpingitis and tubal factor infertility. In addition, sexual transmission of M. genitalium in heterosexual partners has also been demonstrated. Currently, studies are underway to further assess these associations
and provide additional information about the significance of this organism with regards to sexual transmission, infertility
in women, and its association with other genital tract disease processes. Recent studies have suggested that M. genitalium-associated infections are best treated with azithromycin. 相似文献
13.
Aims/hypothesis Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction, and the destructive process involves several molecular mechanisms including oxygen-reactive species. A cysteine derivative, N-acetyl-cysteine, is widely used as an antioxidant, but the role of N-acetyl-cysteine in the protection of pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 diabetes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine on beta cells using an adoptive transfer system in a murine model of Type 1 diabetes.Methods Splenocytes from diabetic female non-obese diabetic mice were transferred into female non-obese diabetic scid/scid recipients to induce diabetes. Just after transfer, N-acetyl-cysteine was administered to non-obese diabetic scid recipients. Two weeks after transfer, the pancreas of the recipients was examined histologically, and cytokine mRNA expression in the pancreas was analysed. In vitro, CD4-positive splenocytes from diabetic donor mice were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies with or without N-acetyl-cysteine.Results Treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine significantly accelerated the transfer of diabetes into non-obese diabetic scid recipients. Treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine accelerated the infiltration of mononuclear cells accompanied by CD8-positive cells into the intra-islet region of the recipients pancreas, and enhanced interferon-gamma mRNA expression in the pancreas. In vitro, treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine enhanced interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production by CD4-positive splenocytes of the diabetic donor mice.Conclusions/interpretation N-acetyl-cysteine accelerates the transfer of diabetes into non-obese diabetic scid mice and this effect is accompanied by the promotion of local infiltration and T-helper cell type 1 responses. 相似文献
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Pearson RD 《Current infectious disease reports》2002,4(1):59-64
Geohelminths remain prevalent throughout the developing world where levels of sanitation, personal hygiene, and maternal education
are low. The five species of nematodes responsible for the bulk of disease are Ascaris lumbricoides, the hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Geohelminths are acquired through ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water or through contact with infected soil.
In developing countries, infection with more than one nematode species and high worm burdens are common. The morbidity is
substantial, particularly among children, and deaths occur. Geohelminthic infections are encountered in industrialized countries
among immigrants and long-term travelers who have lived in endemic regions where sanitation is poor, and occasionally following
autochthonous transmission. 相似文献
16.
We report the first case of primary infective spondylodiscitis due to Lactococcus garvieae, confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, in the absence of concomitant endocarditis in a patient with long-standing gastritis
on famotidine. He responded to a 6-week course of ampicillin. The gastrointestinal tract is probably the source of infection. 相似文献
17.
Teppei Hashimoto Makoto Horikawa Toshihisa Nomura Kazuichi Sakamoto 《Biogerontology》2010,11(1):31-43
18.
Kelly C. Gast Paul V. Viscuse Somaira Nowsheen Tufia C. Haddad Robert W. Mutter Andrea E. Wahner Hendrickson Fergus J. Couch Kathryn J. Ruddy 《Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine》2018,20(2):18
Purpose of review
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers can be at increased cardiovascular risk. The goal of this review is to provide information about factors associated with increased cardiovascular risk, methods to prevent cardiovascular toxicities, and recommended screening guidelines.Recent findings
BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who are diagnosed with cancer are often exposed to chemotherapy, chest radiotherapy, and/or HER2 directed therapies, all of which can be cardiotoxic. In addition, BRCA1/2 carriers often undergo prophylactic salpingoopherectomies, which may also increase cardiovascular risks.Summary
Understanding the potential for increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, as well as gold standard practices for prevention, detection, and treatment of cardiac concerns in this population, is important.19.
Aiping Zhu Mingjie Wang Guoxin Zhou Hui Zhang Ruiping Liu Yong Wang 《Rheumatology international》2016,36(6):807-818
Apoptosis signals are necessary for maintaining homeostasis and an adequate immune response. Dysregulation of apoptosis-related genes in the immune system has an important impact on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus, we investigated the association between Fas rs2234767 G/A, FasL rs763110 C/T, Bcl2 rs12454712 T/C, Bcl2 rs17757541 C/G, and Caspase-8 rs1035142 G/T polymorphisms and RA susceptibility in a Chinese population. These five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in a Chinese population consisting of 615 patients with RA and 839 controls. Genotyping was performed using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNP scan TM kit. Furthermore, we undertook a meta-analysis between FasL rs763110 C/T and RA. This study indicated that Fas rs2234767 and Bcl2 rs17757541 polymorphisms were risk factors for RA. No association was observed between FasL rs763110 C/T, Bcl2 rs12454712 T/C, and Caspase-8 rs1035142 G/T polymorphisms and RA in this study. The results of this meta-analysis suggested no significant association between FasL rs763110 C/T and RA. However, stratification analysis of this meta-analysis indicated that FasL rs763110 C/T increased the risk of Caucasian RA patients. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Fas rs2234767 G/A and Bcl2 rs17757541 T/C polymorphisms might be associated with an increased risk of RA. This meta-analysis revealed that FasL rs763110 C/T was associated with an increased risk of Caucasian RA patients. 相似文献
20.
R. Venczel L. Knoke M. Pavlovic E. Dzaferovic T. Vaculova C. Silaghi E. Overzier R. Konrad S. Kolenčík M. Derdakova A. Sing G. A. Schaub G. Margos V. Fingerle 《Infection》2016,44(1):47-55