Self‐reported quantity of daily water intake and urine output in healthy young

Water is an essential nutrient and adequate intake and output of water is required for health maintenance. Water homeostasis is vital for life and optimal function and considerable interest surrounds the issue of recommendations for water consumption in healthy individuals. Few studies are available about self‐reported water intake and urine output. The aim of this study was to assess the quantity of water intake and urine output in 24‐h period in healthy young individuals. This prospective study was carried out on 31 students aged 18–24 years undergoing nursing education in a University during January 2011 in Sakarya, Turkey. Healthy young individuals were recruited for determination of the quantity of water taken in and urine excretion along 24 h; they recorded fluid input and urine output. The students collected the data during weekend break. In our study, the total daily fluid intake (mL) for females was 2082·6 ± 687·1 and the total daily fluid intake (mL) for males was 2720·8 ± 717·4. The total daily quantity of urine (mL) for females was 1623·4 ± 602·4 and the total daily quantity of urine (mL) for males was 1818·3 ± 420·6. This research may be the source for similar studies that could include seasonal changes, climates, cultures and different age groups.     

健康青壮年男性前列腺体积的经腹超声测定研究

目的探讨健康青壮年男性（18～49岁）的前列腺体积变化趋势,分析影响前列腺体积的相关因素,为前列腺增生的临床诊断提供参考。方法选取18~49岁健康青壮年男性志愿者,记录其吸烟及饮酒情况,测量体重、身高,计算体重指数,采用经腹超声测定前列腺左右径、前后径、上下径,并计算前列腺体积。根据年龄将被调查者分为18-29岁、30-39岁、40-49岁3组。结果共计618例符合条件的健康男性纳入本项研究,平均前列腺体积为（16．83±4．84）cm3。其中,30岁以下青年男性的平均前列腺体积为（15．01±3．95）cm3。方差分析显示不同年龄段男性前列腺各径线和前列腺体积差异显著（P〈0．01）,同时各组超重者（体质指数≥24kg/m2）的前列腺体积与体重正常者比较显著增大（P〈O．01）。饮酒与吸烟对前列腺体积变化无显著影响。Pearson相关分析显示,前列腺体积与年龄呈正相关（r=0．42,均P〈O．01）,多元线性回归分析显示,前列腺体积受年龄、体重指数因素的影响（P〈0．05）,而不受吸烟、饮酒的影响。结论随着年龄的增长健康青壮年男性前列腺体积明显增大,体重超重也是影响健康青壮年男性前列腺生长的重要因素之一。     

Reliability of measured tidal volume in mechanically ventilated young pigs with normal lungs

Objective This study examined whether volumes can be accurately measured at the expiratory valve of a conventional ventilator using pressure support ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure with software compensation for circuit compliance available in the Servo ventilator.Design and setting Comparison of two methods for measuring tidal volume in an animal laboratory.Subjects Twenty healthy, intubated, sedated, spontaneously breathing pigs.Interventions Volume was measured in ten neonatal-sized and ten pediatric-sized pigs ventilated with the Servo ventilator using pressure support ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure with and without circuit compliance compensation. We compared volume measured at the airway opening by pneumotachography to volume measured at the expiratory valve of a conventional ventilator.Measurements and results The use of circuit compliance compensation significantly improved the agreement between the two volume methods in neonatal-sized piglets (concordance correlation coefficient: with circuit compliance compensation, 0.97; without, 0.87, p=0.002). In pediatric-sized pigs there was improvement in agreement between the two measurement methods due to circuit compliance compensation (concordance correlation coefficient with circuit compliance compensation, 0.97; without, 0.88, p=0.027). With circuit compliance compensation off there was positive bias: mean difference (bias) 2.97±0.12 in neonatal-sized and 3.75±0.38 in pediatric-sized pigs.Conclusions Our results show that volume can be accurately measured at the expiratory valve of a conventional ventilator in neonatal- and pediatric-sized animals.This research was supported by an unrestricted grant from Maquet, Inc.     

MRI测量中国健康成人脑杏仁核体积

目的 采用MR1测量不同年龄中国健康成人杏仁核体积.方法 于中国健康成人MRI脑数据库中选取100名志愿者,按照年龄分为18?30岁、31?40岁、41?50岁、51?60岁和61?70岁组共5组,每组男、女性各10名.采集头部三维磁化准备双快速采集梯度回波序列图像,获得双侧杏仁核体积及大脑容积,再以颅腔容积进行校正;...     

濮阳市油田健康人群血液流变学指标的参考值探讨

目的探讨濮阳市油田健康人群血液流变学指标参考值范围并进行分析,以建立一种适合于本区的血液流变学正常参考值。方法用LG—R-80A型自动血液黏度仪检测2800名健康成年人血液流变学指标,并按性别和年龄组进行统计分析。结果全血黏度、血细胞比容（HCT）等指标在男、女性别之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．001）,同性别不同年龄组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,男性61岁以上年龄组有增高趋势。结论血液流变学正常参考值,对疾病的早期预防、诊断、疗效及预后都有重要的意义。各地要测定适合本地区的血液流变学正常参考值。     

高分辨MRI测量中国健康成人内嗅皮层体积

目的 获得中国健康成人内嗅皮层体积的正常参考值,分析内嗅皮层体积与年龄、性别的关系.方法 自大型中国成人脑MRI数据库中抽取100份数据,按年龄18?30岁、31?40岁、41?50岁、51?60岁、61～70岁分为5组,每组20名,男、女各10名.手动勾画内嗅皮层边界,应用三维体积分析软件测量其体积,比较不同年龄组、...     

Determination of thyroid volume by Sonography in healthy Brazilian schoolchildren

PURPOSE: Our objective was to establish thyroid volume by sonography in Brazilian schoolchildren and to correlate thyroid volume with anthropometric characteristics. METHODS: Sonographic studies of thyroid volume were conducted in 1,977 schoolchildren (6-14 years old) from 21 villages and towns in Central Brazil. Iodine concentration was analyzed in urine specimens and in salt samples obtained from the children's homes. Thyroid volumes were also compared with volumes reported for other countries. RESULTS: Age, height, and weight correlated with thyroid volume. Thyroid volumes for boys and girls were generally lower than those obtained in Europe and comparable to those obtained in Malaysia and Iran. Urinary iodine excretion was considered elevated in about half of the Brazilian schoolchildren, and the iodine content of salt samples was more than 50 ppm in 58%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed relatively smaller thyroid gland volumes in Brazilian schoolchildren as compared with those reported in Europe. This was apparently due to a higher iodine intake in our population.     

超声观察健康成人24小时胆囊体积变化

胆囊在空腹时舒张,于脂餐后收缩,相关研究多集中于餐后1～2 h[1].本研究采用超声观察健康成人24 h胆囊体积变化,以期认识胆囊收缩、舒张运动变化规律. 1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象于2020年1月-3月纳入13名深圳市第三人民医院健康医护人员及学生志愿者,男7名,女6名,年龄23～53岁,平均(31.7±10....