心脏螺旋波演化与驱动的计算机实验

我们利用FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN)类型方程,对二维心肌可激媒质系统螺旋波(Spiral wave,SW)的形成、演化和控制进行了数值模拟,主要有以下研究结果:(1)改变系统的可激性,不会影响SW的激发区宽度,却改变SW的自转周期和旋波核的大小;当可激性达到某一极限值时,SW的自转周期与旋波核的半径趋于无穷大,系统不再出现SW。(2)对SW的均匀近共振小电流驱动,可以引导旋波头(Spiral wave tip,SWT)的漂移运动;当驱动频率接近SW的自转频率时,SWT会沿着圆周漂移,当驱动频率达到共振频率时,SWT会沿着直线漂移。     

基于小波变换的T波检测算法研究

T波检测是心电图（ECG,electrocardiogram）分析的难点。本文首先对T波形态进行了细致的分类,然后提出了一个排除u波的方案,以减少u波对T波检测构成的干扰,进一步提高T波特征点检测的准确性。最后利用QT数据库里的专家手工标注对算法的性能进行验证,检测结果基本可以达到人工标注的水平。     

A review of wave mechanics in the pulmonary artery with an emphasis on wave intensity analysis

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) remain the most common haemodynamic measures to evaluate the severity and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension. However, PVR only captures the non‐oscillatory component of the right ventricular hydraulic load and neglects the dynamic compliance of the pulmonary arteries and the contribution of wave transmission. Wave intensity analysis offers an alternative way to assess the pulmonary vasculature in health and disease. Wave speed is a measure of arterial stiffness, and the magnitude and timing of wave reflection provide information on the degree of impedance mismatch between the proximal and distal circulation. Studies in the pulmonary artery have demonstrated distinct differences in arterial wave propagation between individuals with and without pulmonary vascular disease. Notably, greater wave speed and greater wave reflection are observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and in animal models exposed to hypoxia. Studying wave propagation makes a valuable contribution to the assessment of the arterial system in pulmonary hypertension, and here, we briefly review the current state of knowledge of the methods used to evaluate arterial waves in the pulmonary artery.     

一种无创脉搏波检测分析系统的研制

研制了一套无创脉搏信号检测分析系统，系统采用生理压力传感器同时采集两路脉搏波信号，实现了脉搏波信号的实时采集、存储、动态显示、波形波速度分析和诊断报告的打印，能够较全面的评价心血管系统的功能。该系统采用单片机与计算机结合的设计方式，同时具有单片机小型化、便携的特点和计算机强大的数据存储、分析、处理的能力。初步临床实验表明，该系统操作方便，稳定性好，检测的可重复性较好。     

基于容积脉搏波血流动力学检测的血流动力学参数的临床验证

目的 改进脉搏波无创检测仪的检测方式,考虑到桡动脉检测的操作复杂,因而选择操作简便的指脉检测.方法 通过大量的临床数据分析,确定指脉检测方式与桡动脉检测方式之间的转换关系,计算基于容积脉搏波的部分血流动力学参数,并和超声心动检测结果进行对比.结果 用指端容积脉搏血流方法同步检测的血流参数和超声心动检测血流参数的结果对比,差异没有统计学意义.结论 所得结果表明,在应用指端容积脉搏血流方法检测心输出量及其他血流参数是可行的.     

Change in the electroencephalogram delta wave in the frontal cranial region of rats with the hyperventilation

Hyperventilation is one way to cause activation on the electroencephalogram (EEG) to diagnose brain disorders. The hyperventilation is also known to affect on the delta power in EEG. This study divided the total delta wave into low, middle, and high bands corresponding to the wave frequency. The power in these three delta wave bands was examined in the frontal cranial region of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats hyperventilated with ventilation (VE) of 360, 540, and 720 ml/min for 5 min. The control group was ventilated normally with a volume of 160 ml/min. The results show that the relative power of the low delta band in the rats hyperventilated at 360 ml/min VE was significantly increased compared with powers of pre-hyperventilation (p<0.05). The relative power of the middle delta band was not significantly affected by hyperventilation at any VE, and in the high delta band, all of the relative powers were decreased significantly in all hyperventilated rats compared with powers of pre-hyperventilation (p<0.05). We concluded that hyperventilation affects the frontal cranial region, by increasing the low delta band and decreasing the high delta band.     

磁光复合疗法的临床研究

探讨毫米波磁光复合疗法的临床应用。选用电子科技大学研制开发的EHF—98B，MMW．RL复合治疗仪。对171例患者体表病变区域或病变内脏的体表反射区(穴位)直接照射，按皮肤黏膜浅表性病变、骨关节软组织创伤、手术后切口、耳鼻喉感染及少见疑难疾病分5类病种进行临床疗效观察。结果显示本组171例患者，痊愈73例(42．7％)，显效43例(25．1％)，好转53例(31％)，无效2例(1.2％)。总有效率98．8％。分类观察显示该疗法对慢性宫颈炎、宫颈糜烂、软组织损伤，术后切口愈合有显著疗效，对部分少见疑难病(不孕症、白癜风、白塞氏病)也有疗效。     

脉搏波的无创检测方式

脉搏波的波形特征与心血管疾病密切相关,其检测方式和传感器的选择都会对脉搏波的检测结果产生重大影响。目前脉搏波无创检测用传感器类型包括压力传感器、压电传感器和光电传感器(反射式和透射式)。检测方式有桡动脉压力脉搏波检测和指端容积脉搏波检测。实际运用结果显示不同的传感器有不同的性能指标和适应范围,检测方式也会对脉搏波的检测产生很大影响。尽管压电传感器和光电传感器都能采集信号良好的脉搏波,但压力传感器由于误差大、强噪声和检测部位难寻等原因已经逐渐被淘汰,此外临床实验证实了桡动脉压力脉搏波检测容易受检测部位和检测个体的影响,指端容积脉搏波具有检测稳定、重复性好、易于操作等优点。     

动态脑电图伪迹识别的探讨

目的：为提高动态脑电图对癫痫的诊断的准确率、阳性率，准确识别脑电图伪迹，以防误诊或漏诊。方法：本对463例癫痫及脑血管病等患在神清闭目安静坐位下采集脑电图过程中，做吞咽，咀嚼动作，分别左右手指、足趾活动等，每种动作持结1分钟，观察2－5分钟并描记。结果：手指、足趾活动均未见棘、尖波或其它干扰波。在咀嚼时可见有规律性类似棘波、多棘波。做吞咽活动时可见不规则干扰波，以上均在单极导联普遍多见；而双极导联仅在颞区导联可见。结论：准确识别脑电图伪迹对提高癫痫诊断的准确率具有重要的临床价值。     

251例子宫肌瘤患者的脉象图参数与脉波图参数的比较研究

目的 以子宫肌瘤患者为对象,同时采用中医脉象仪与西医的脉波仪采集患者的脉搏波,将2种仪器所获得参数进行对照与比较研究.方法 采用病例对照研究(1∶1)的方法,运用中医脉象仪和BPro脉波仪采集251例子宫肌瘤组与251例非子宫肌瘤组的脉搏波;运用t检验、卡方检验进行统计分析.结果 与非子宫肌瘤组比较,子宫肌瘤组脉象图参数的最佳取脉压力、舒张期面积(Ad)、降中峡幅度(h4)、降中峡幅度/主波幅度(h4/h1)均值降低(P＜0.05),重搏波幅度(h5)、重搏波幅度/主波幅度(h5/h1)均值增高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).脉波图参数的增强指数(rAI)、增强压(rAP)均数降低(P＜0.05).结论 脉象图与脉波图的分析目的不同,但有半数左右的脉象图参数与脉波图参数具有对应关系.脉波图分析中的rAP、rAI参数对脉象分析具有参考价值;子宫肌瘤组的血管顺应性与血管外周阻力与非子宫肌瘤组相比较,子宫肌瘤组的血管顺应性优于非子宫肌瘤组(P＜0.05).2者相参,能够为中医的脉象诊断提供更多的借鉴与参考.     

胃电图的记录、分析及其应用

胃电图是由置于上腹部表面的体表电极测得的胃肌电活动，是一种胃电信号的非侵入性的无创测量方法，能反映胃电活动及异常的模式。在临床上为动力紊乱、功能性消化不良等的研究和诊断提供了良好的检测方法，并能指导临床治疗。本文介绍了胃电产生的原理、胃电图的记录、分析、应用及其发展前景。     

毫米波对微循环影响的临床观察

本文观察了毫米波对微循环血液流变学的影响，在毫米波照射后，甲襞毛细血管管攀数增加，血管扩张，血流加快，全血粘度及红细胞聚集性改善，表明毫米波有改善微循环的作用。     

Relationship between parameters from virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) imaging with clinicopathologic prognostic factors in women with invasive ductal breast cancer

Objectives: To investigate the association of shear wave velocity (SWV) and its ratio (SWV ratio) using virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) imaging with clinicopathologic prognostic factors in women with invasive ductal breast cancer. Methods: 138 consecutive women with invasive ductal breast cancer, who were diagnosed by pathological examination, were recruited between September 2011 and October 2013. Clinicopathologic findings were investigated in each participant, including age, invasive size, lymph node status, histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) expression, progesterone receptor (PR) expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB-2) expression. SWV and its ratio (breast mass/adjacent breast tissue) were measured by the VTQ imaging, and univariate analysis and multivariate regression analyses were applied to investigate their relationship with all clinicopathologic abnormalities. Results: In univariate analyses, large mass size (P < 0.001), lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), High histological grade (P = 0.001) and C-erbB-2 expression (P = 0.029) were significantly associated with SWV, whereas large invasive size (P < 0.001), lymph node involvement (P = 0.001) and high histological grade (P = 0.007) were significantly related to SWV ratio. Multiple linear regression indicated that invasive size was the strongest pathologic determinant of SWV and its ratio (P < 0001). Conclusion: SWV and its ratio by the VTQ imagining were significantly associated with clinicopathologic abnormalities, and may therefore provide prognostic information in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer.     

The influence of mental fatigue on brain activity: Evidence from a systematic review with meta-analyses

The occurrence of mental fatigue during tasks like driving a vehicle increases risk of injury or death. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity associated with mental fatigue has been frequently studied and considered a promising biomarker of mental fatigue. This is despite differences in methodologies and outcomes in prior research. A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted to establish the influence of mental fatigue on EEG activity spectral bands, and to determine in which regions fatigue-related EEG spectral changes are likely to occur. A high-yield search strategy identified 21 studies meeting inclusion criteria for investigating the change in EEG spectral activity in non-diseased adults engaged in mentally fatiguing tasks. A medium effect size (using Cohen's g) of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.24–1.13) was found for increase in overall EEG activity following mental fatigue. Further examination of individual EEG spectral bands and regions using network meta-analyses indicated large increases in theta (g = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.79–1.60) and alpha bands (g = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.47–1.43), with small to moderate changes found in delta and beta bands. Central regions of the scalp showed largest change (g = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.46–1.21). Sub-group analyses indicated large increases in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites (all g > 1), with moderate changes in alpha activity in central and posterior sites. Findings have implications for fatigue monitoring and countermeasures with support for change in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites as a robust biomarker of mental fatigue and change in alpha wave activity considered a second line biomarker to account for individual variability.     

生物波调控因子生物作用检测方法研究

为建立生物波调控因子生物作用检测方法,采用分析微生物学方法,以奇异变形杆菌建立实验模型,对细菌波动培养过程中获得的生物波调控因子,进行了生物作用试验观察。结果确定了群体细菌波动生长过程中生物波调控因子的存在及春可以使生物波波环增加和生物波周期缩短的作用,这一检测方法的建立在研究生物波的调控机制中有一定的价值。     

基于小波变换和波形信息的P波检测方法

通过小波变换对ECG信号进行分解，根据模极大值对求出所有的P波。之后，用一简单有效的方法求出每个P波的起、终点，再利用P波的弧度值及P波与折线P波的相关系数值选择出真正的P波。该方法经过MIT/BIH心电数据库中9个长达30分钟的文件的检验，取得了满意的结果。     

小儿极度纺锤波脑电图分析

纺锤波是儿童睡眠脑电图的重要标志之一,而极度纺锤波则显著不同,且临床中极容易波忽视,我们报导3例及其脑电图特征,并发现与智力低下,癫痫发作有密切关系,应引起重视。     

Oscillatory gamma and theta activity during repeated mental manipulations of a visual image

Previous studies on mental manipulation have dealt with direct manipulation of a presented stimulus or a maintained image of a previously presented stimulus. Here, we investigated brain activity differences between successive maintenance and manipulation of the visual stimulus and the once transformed representations using electroencephalography (EEG) in a multi-stage sequential manipulation task. The task required the subjects to memorize a presented object which possessed four features (color, shape, direction and speed of motion) and transform the feature of the representation twice. Wavelet analysis showed strong gamma-band (>30 Hz) activity elicited in the frontal and parietal regions during two successive mental manipulation tasks of the visual stimulus. Interestingly, gamma activity in the frontal and parietal regions was stronger during the second manipulation. Our results suggest that successive mental manipulations of the once transformed representation may impose higher demand on the fronto-parietal networks. On the other hand, while the frontal theta activity was enhanced throughout maintenance and manipulation periods, the activity during maintenance of one-time manipulated representation was higher than that of the physically presented stimulus, suggesting that the frontal regions are further recruited in maintenance of manipulated images.     

基于小波变换和神经网络的心电信号P波检测

为了提高P波检测准确率,利用小波变换模极大值对在多尺度上的变化规律能表征信号突变点的性质,结合人体生理特性的检测策略进行心电信号P波的跨尺度检测。同时,引入反向传播神经网络对已检出的准P渡再次进行确认与识别。经MIT数据库实验表明,P波检测准确率达到97％。     

Slow wave sleep enhancement with gaboxadol reduces daytime sleepiness during sleep restriction

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of enhanced slow wave sleep (SWS) on behavioral, psychological, and physiological changes resulting from sleep restriction. DESIGN: A double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled design was used to compare gaboxadol (GBX) 15 mg, a SWS-enhancing drug, to placebo during 4 nights of sleep restriction (5 h/night). Behavioral, psychological, and physiological measures of the impact of sleep restriction were assessed in both groups at baseline, during sleep restriction and following recovery sleep. SETTING: Sleep research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-one healthy adults; 9 males and 12 females (mean age: 32.0 +/- 9.9 y) in the placebo group and 10 males and 10 females (mean age: 31.9 +/- 10.2 y) in the GBX group. INTERVENTIONS: Both experimental groups underwent 4 nights of sleep restriction. Each group received either GBX 15 mg or placebo on all sleep restriction nights, and both groups received placebo on baseline and recovery nights. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Polysomnography documented a SWS-enhancing effect of GBX with no group difference in total sleep time during sleep restriction. The placebo group displayed the predicted deficits due to sleep restriction on the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and on introspective measures of sleepiness and fatigue. Compared to placebo, the GBX group showed significantly less physiological sleepiness on the MSLT and lower levels of introspective sleepiness and fatigue during sleep restriction. There were no differences between groups on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and a cognitive test battery, but these measures were minimally affected by sleep restriction in this study. The correlation between change from baseline in MSLT on Day 6 and change from baseline in SWS on Night 6 was significant in the GBX group and in both group combined. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that enhanced SWS, in this study produced by GBX, reduces physiological sleep tendency and introspective sleepiness and fatigue which typically result from sleep restriction.