以科学发展观促进农村卫生事业发展

文章结合当前农村卫生工作实际，回顾了近年来重庆万州区农村卫生事业发展主要成效，分析了新形势下农村卫生存在的主要问题，提出了推进农村卫生事业发展的对策思考。     

山东省人民政府关于加强农村卫生工作的意见（讨论稿）

山东省人民政府关于加强农村卫生工作的意见（讨论稿）编者按山东省最近召开了全省农村卫生工作会议，讨论明确了农村卫生工作中的一些重大问题，特将山东省人民政府的意见（讨论稿）发表，供各地参考。改革开放以来，我省农村卫生事业有了很大发展。县乡村三级医疗预防保...     

建立解决农村医疗人才缺乏的长效机制

党中央、国务院历来十分重视农村卫生工作，高度关注农民的健康问题。2002年，《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》的发布，为加快发展农村卫生事业提供了强大动力，为解决“三农”问题注入了新的活力。然而，正如城乡差距难以在短期内消除一样，改变农村卫生事业落后面貌还有很长一段路要走。深刻分析农村卫生发展滞后的根源，可以发现，尽管原因很多，     

当前农村卫生工作面临的突出问题及对策

当前农村卫生工作面临的突出问题及对策山东省潍坊市卫生局（２６１０４１）苏宝勤，赵金顺在当前新的形势下，农村卫生工作遇到了一些困难和问题，影响和制约着农村卫生事业的稳步发展。据对山东省潍坊市的调查，突出表现为６个方面的矛盾：一、农村卫生资源分散短缺与闲...     

农村卫生与农村卫生人力开发

文章从农村、农村卫生及农村卫生人力开发之间的关系入手，说明农村卫生人力开发的重要性，介绍了我国卫生人力包括农村卫生人力的状况、农村卫生人力开发的内容及卫生人力规划工作应注意的问题。     

论农村社区卫生服务的地位与作用

文章回顾了我国农村卫生工作取得的巨大成绩，同时在总结SARS事件经验教训的基础上，对我国农村卫生工作面临的问题进行了具体分析，阐述了农村社区卫生服务在我国卫生工作的地位和作用，总结出开展农村社区卫生服务有利于实现初级卫生保健目标，适应我国农村卫生事业发展的需求，是解决我国农民健康问题的重要途径。     

农村卫生事业面临的问题及对策

农村卫生事业面临的问题及对策熊传海（湖北省黄冈地区卫生局局长４３６１００）为了把农村卫生工作落到实处，寻求农村卫生改革与发展的最佳途径，笔者根据鄂东部分县、市调查，以及其他省、市农村卫生工作的现状，就农村卫生事业面临的主要问题及其对策作一探讨。１面临...     

建立稳定的卫生投入机制加速农村卫生发展

近年来，湖北省农村卫生工作坚持以科学发展观统领全局，以关注民生，改善农民群众就医环境、提高医疗技术水平为重点，积极围绕解决群众“看病难、看病贵”问题的措施和办法，创新举措，锐意进取，农村卫生事业发展出现了较好的发展势头。但由于农村卫生工作基础差，经济条件落后，制约农村卫生事业发展的体制和机制问题还没有从根本上解决。     

发展农村卫生事业的几点看法

改革开放给农村卫生工作带来了较大的发展，但也存在一些不可忽视的问题，主要表现在对农村卫生投入不足，农村卫生机构基础设施差，服务功能与农村群众保健需求不相适应等。为此，笔者建议：１．加强农村卫生工作的领导．各级政府要把农村卫生工作放在与教育、计划生育同等重要的位置．摆上政府的议事日程，把农村卫生工作纳入社会经济发展总体目标，使卫生事业与当地经济同步发展。坚持在乡镇党委、政府领导下，与卫生部门齐抓共管农村卫生事业．２．全面实施初级卫生保健工作。初保是一项复杂的社会系统工程．它不仅是卫生工作的组成部分…     

新疆巴州农牧区卫生工作存在的问题及对策建议

通过对全州农村卫生资源基线调查，分析了自治州农村卫生工作存在着人员素质低下、基础设施薄弱、农村卫生投入不足、合作医疗滑坡明显、医疗资源配置不合理、人事及分配制度改善滞后等问题，并就此问题提出了对策建议。     

农村基层卫生机构改革的思考

简述了当前农村卫生工作面临的新问题，提出了农村基层卫生机构改革的基本思路和要重点抓好的几项改革措施。     

从中央“一号文件”看农村卫生事业发展

2004-2013年,中共中央连续发布了10个指导农业农村工作的＂一号文件＂,涉及农业农村改革发展的各个方面,对农村卫生事业也做出了总体规划,提出很多新论断新部署。结合深化医药卫生体制改革的新要求和我国农村卫生事业发展中的突出问题,提出了进一步发展农村卫生事业的政策建议。     

RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION: PERCEPTIONS OF RURAL MENTAL HEALTH WORKERS

ABSTRACT: Recruitment and retention of professionals is a major issue in rural health care. Following a literature review and series of focus groups, a questionnaire to ascertain why professionals applied for, stayed in and would consider leaving rural mental health work was constructed. The questionnaire also included questions regarding possible initiatives that could be undertaken to improve recruitments. The questionnaire was distributed through informal networks to over 900 professionals. Four hundred and seventy eight questionnaires were returned, representing a 52% return rate. According to the response work related issues were generally more important than lifestyle/personal issues particularly as reasons for applying for rural work. Lack of organisational support and professional isolation were important detractors of rural work, with strong support being expressed for initiatives that would address these issues. The findings suggest that recruitment action might highlight the scope, variety, challenge and autonomy aspects of work, with retention focusing on professional support and contact and increased organisational support.     

Rural hospitals and the provision of agricultural occupational health and safety services

Agriculture is one of the most dangerous work environments in the United States. Ironically, there is a near-total absence of occupational health and safety services being provided to agricultural workers. While many of the agricultural occupational hazards could be addressed through health and safety services provided by rural hospitals, the absence of dedicated funds to pay for these services is a major barrier. The ability of rural hospitals to provide these services and specific issues related to the unique character and problems in implementing agricultural occupational health and safety services are discussed.     

CATALYSING IMPROVEMENTS IN RURAL HEALTH

ABSTRACT: The National Rural Health Alliance is the peak non-government body working to improve rural health and health services. It has been fully operational since August 1993 and has produced submissions to government on a number of rural health issues. Through its work it has increased the public profile of rural health policy in Australia, without endangering the autonomy of the 15 national bodies which constitute the Alliance. Given the proliferation of individual bodies concerned with various aspects of rural health, and the complex and changing policy situation, the Alliance has a crucial role to play in helping to manage the interface between governments, consumers and rural health providers. The mission of the Alliance is informed by a strong philosophy of increased consumer involvement in the design, management and evaluation of local health services. The Alliance reflects the aspirations of rural and remote people for high quality and accessible health services. The chances of this mission being accomplished will be increased to the extent that individual professional bodies and local groups work in partnership with central organisations like the Alliance.     

Biopsychosocial imperatives from the rural perspective

Rural health issues are examined within a biopsychosocial framework by addressing three questions: what is meant by ‘rural’? what are rural health needs? what factors must be considered in understanding and addressing these needs?Probably the single most important characteristic distinguishing rural from urban areas is low population density. This factor is particularly important in terms of its impact on (1) communication and transportation patterns, (2) one's ‘sense of community’ and (3) the availability of specialized services and complex organizations and institutions.For statistical purposes two different definitional dichotomies exist: rural-urban and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan. Although the rural and nonmetropolitan populations are not conterminous, approximately the same percentage of the nation's population is included in each of the two categories. A serious misconception is that of equating agriculture with rurality. While most farmers live and work in rural areas only a small fraction of rural Americans are engaged in agriculture.In terms of health needs, infant mortality tends to be higher in nonmetropolitan than in metropolitan areas; and limitation of activity due to chronic conditions is more likely to occur among the nonmetropolitan than the metropolitan population. Similarly, the percent of people who perceive their health as either ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ is higher for the nonmetropolitan population. On the other hand, the incidence of acute conditions and disability days per person per year are lower for the nonmetropolitan population than for the metropolitan population. Limited data on mental health suggest that the halcyon picture of country life may be grossly distorted.Understanding and addressing rural health needs involves a close look at the social, economic and medical systems operating in rural America. Income and employment levels, and their interrelationship to nutrition, housing and transportation generally find rural areas at a disadvantage. Although attitudes and values between rural and urban populations differ, it is all too easy to exaggerate these differences. The areas of sharpest differences have to do with issues of morality, religion and political philosophy. Problems in the availability and accessibility of medical services—especially specialized services—continue to plague rural areas.Recently, the most important dynamic in rural areas has been the rapid population growth associated with urban-to-rural migration. Another important characteristic of rural America is its diversity. Greater diversity likely exists among rural areas than among urban areas. For example, some rural areas have medical systems that are as sophisticated as those found in most urban areas.Failing to recognize and appreciate the diversity within the rural sector may be the greatest impediment to designing and implementing effective public policies for dealing with rural health needs. Considerable research, recent books, the creation of statewide offices of rural health and the work of national organizations have been helpful in alleviating the misunderstanding which surrounds rural America, its health care needs and the ways to best address those needs.     

Shifting the Paradigm:

Agricultural safety and health issues affecting producers and their families are complicated, requiring equally complex solutions that address underlying factors. Furthermore, these efforts must involve all in the community who provide information, services, and products to the agricultural industry. This paper suggests that we need to shift our paradigm of thinking about how rural leaders and professionals address these problems. We believe that professionals including health providers, educators, producers, rural agribusinesses, and others with a stake in the field of agromedicine must work together through community coalitions and other similar groups in their efforts to protect farmers and their families.     

The conducting and reporting of rural health research: rurality and rural population issues

Rurality and rural population issues require consideration when conducting and reporting on rural health research. A first article focused on the planning stage of the research. The objective of this article is to explore conducting and reporting issues that require attention when undertaking rural health research. The privacy of participants, the collection of data, the cultural traditions of Indigenous communities, the dissemination of results, and giving something back to the community, are all aspects of conducting and reporting rural health research that require attention. Procedures such as identifying the characteristics of the population, attention to safety issues when collecting data, the use of local liaison persons and acknowledging the ownership of intellectual property, increase the quality of the research outcomes. They are issues that are relevant to both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Procedures are available to address issues of particular concern in developing appropriate methods for rural health research. While we have concentrated on Australian issues, and possible solutions, rural localities in many other countries may face similar issues. In any rural setting, paying attention to issues that may affect the conducting and reporting of rural health research will hopefully result in studies that support the continued improvement of health in rural communities.